Method and apparatus for evaluating noise level on a telephone channel

• US 4,552,996 A
• Filed: 11/10/1983
• Issued: 11/12/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 11/10/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Compagnie industrielle des télécommunications CIT-ALCATEL
• Original Assignee: Compagnie Industrielle Des Telecommunications
• Inventors: de Bergh, Guy
• Primary Examiner(s): SCHREYER, STAFFORD
• Application Number:
  US06/550,661
• Time in Patent Office: 733 Days
• Field of Search: 179/175.2 C, 179/170 E, 381/34, 381/35, 381/46, 370/17, 455/222, 455/223, 375/26, 375/99, 340/347 AD
• US Class Current: 379/24
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 29/26 Measuring noise figure; Measuring signal-to-noise ratio
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/175 Speech activity or inactivity detectors echo suppressors H04B3/20

Abstract

The level of the signal present on the telephone channel is evaluated at successive time intervals. Those evaluated signal levels which lie within a given range of noise levels are selected and they are expressed in terms of r discrete values in said range. A count is maintained for each of said discrete values indicative of the frequency with which it is selected in comparison with the frequency with which the other discrete values are selected. The discrete value having the highest count, i.e. the most frequently selected discrete value, is considered to be indicative of the level of noise on the telephone channel in question.

Claims

1. A method of evaluating a noise level on a telephone channel on the basis of a signal present on the channel during successive time intervals of substantially equal duration, the method comprising the steps of:

assigning the noise level on said channel to a given "noise level" range made up of a limited defined set of discrete level values;

observing successive signal level values present on the channel and selecting those observed values which lie in said noise level range; and

keeping records of different selected signal level values expressed in terms of said discrete values to take as being representative of the noise level on the channel that one of the discrete values on which the majority of the selected signal level values are concentrated.

2. A method of evaluating noise level according to claim 1, wherein the level of the signal present on the telephone channel is evaluated by comparing amplitudes of successive samples of the signal present on a channel which is sampled at a sampling rate with a comparison level value, the method further comprising, for the evaluation of the signal level present on the telephone channel:

splitting each time interval I into defined subintervals;

generating a comparison level value during each time interval I by accumulating a variation step of the comparison level value at the sampling rate, said step having a sign defined in response to the comparison then performed and having an absolute value which is a function of a current time sub-interval of the time interval under consideration; and

taking the comparison level value at the end of each time interval I as the value of the signal level present on the channel.

3. A method of evaluating the noise level according to claim 2 wherein the absolute value of the steps in each time interval I follows a predetermined decreasing law.

4. A method of evaluating noise level according to claim 2, wherein the absolute value of the step at each interval is also a funcion of the absolute value of the difference between the amplitude of the sample and the value of the level as compared with one another.

5. A method of evaluating noise level according to claim 4, wherein the absolute value of the step is defined during each time interval I by the absolute value of the difference between the amplitude of the sample and the value of the level as compared with one another and as weighted by a proportionality coefficient which decreases throughout the duration of the time interval under consideration.

6. A method of evaluating noise level according to claim 2, wherein said accumulation of variation steps in the value of the comparison level is limited between a lower stop value and an upper stop value which are fixed and which define a range of levels including said range of noise levels and extending beyond said range, at least at its upper end.

7. A method of evaluating noise level according to claim 1, wherein a count relating to said selected values as expressed in terms of said discrete values is performed by maintaining a count for each of said discrete values and by modifying said count by an increment:

of positive value each time the selected value corresponds to the discrete value being processed and the count associated with said discrete value being processed is not greater than a predetermined upper threshold; and

by a negative amount whenever the selected value corresponds to a discrete value other than the discrete value being processed, the count associated with the selected value exceeds said upper threshold, and the count associated with the discrete value being processed is greater than a predetermined lower threshold.

8. A method of evaluating noise level according to claim 1, wherein each selected value used in keeping the records associated with the selected values is weighted by a greater or lesser amount depending on whether or not the selected value is equal to a currently evaluated noise level.

9. Apparatus for performing the method of evaluating noise level according to claim 1, the apparatus comprising an evaluator circuit for evaluating the level of the signal present on the telephone channel during successive time intervals I of substantially equal duration;

a selector circuit connected to receive successive evaluated signal levels from the evaluator circuit and for selecting only those evaluated levels which lie within a given "noise level" range of values assigned to noise, said selected values being delivered expressed in terms of a limited defined set of r discrete level values;

an analyser circuit connected to receive said selected values as delivered by said selector circuit, said analyser circuit being sensitive to a distribution of said selected values amongst said discrete values for determining that one of the discrete values on which the majority of the selected values are concentrated and for delivering said determined value at an output to represent the noise level; and

a clock circuit for driving said evaluator circuit, said selector circuit, and said analyser circuit to determine the noise level once every time interval I as determined by said clock circuit.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said evaluator circuit for evaluating the signal level present on the channel comprises a comparator for comparing amplitudes of signal samples taken from the channel at a regular sampling rate against a comparison level, wherein said evaluator circuit is constituted by a servo loop which includes:

said comparator which delivers a logical signal indicating whether the amplitude of the sample being compared to the compression level value is greater than said value or not;

a circuit for defining variation in the level of the comparison value, said circuit receiving a logical comparison signal together with a first sequence signal generated by the clock circuit and defining a series of identical sequences which take place during successive respective time intervals I, and delivering a variation step of sign defined by said logical signal and of variable absolute value defined under control of said first sequence signal; and

an accumulator connected to an output from the circuit for defining the variation in the comparison level and operating at the sampling frequency of the signal present on the channel to deliver the value of said comparison level which defines the value of the signal level present on the channel at the end of each time interval I.

11. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said accumulator has a lower stop and an upper stop defining a range of possible variations for said comparison level and including said noise level range, the comparison level range extending beyond at least the upper end of said noise level range.

12. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said analyser circuit for analysing the selected values comprises:

an addressable memory addressed under control of a second sequence signal generated by said clock circuit, said memory storing r counts each corresponding to a respective one of said r discrete values and together being representative of a distribution of said selected values delivered by said selector circuit from amongst the r possible discrete values;

a count computing circuit comprising firstly a count increment defining circuit for defining a count increment and secondly a two-input summing circuit having one input connected to an output from said memory, having the other input connected to an output from said count increment defining circuit, and having an output connected to an input to said memory;

a control circuit including comparator means, said control circuit being arranged, on arrival of each selected value as delivered by the selector circuit, firstly to compare each particular selected value with r possible discrete values to identify a corresponding memory address, secondly to compare each of the stored counts with a predetermined lower threshold value and a predetermined upper threshold value, and thirdly to control said count increment defining circuit to choose a positive increment value for the selected discrete value only whenever the count corresponding to the selected discrete value selected by the selector circuit does not exceed said upper threshold value, and to choose a negative increment value for all other counts greater than said lower threshold value whenever the count corresponding to the selected discrete value exceeds said upper threshold; and

a noise level value output circuit controlled by said control circuit when a memorised count exceeds said upper threshold value to output the discrete value corresponding to said count.

13. Apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the second sequence signal generated by the clock circuit defines during each time interval I at least two sequences, each of which runs through r values representative of each of the said r discrete values, said sequences defined by said second sequence signal being used during each time interval I for which the selector circuit delivers a selected value as follows;

a first of said sequences within the time interval is used by said control circuit to determine the position of the count corresponding to the selected value relative to said upper threshold; and

a second of said sequence which takes place after said first of said sequences is used to update the counts in the memory as a function of the comparison performed during said first sequence and, where appropriate, of positions of other counts relative to said lower threshold as compared during said second sequence for each of the counts needing updating.

14. Apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said control circuit is connected to an output of the apparatus as a whole and further comprises a comparator for comparing each selected value as delivered by the selection circuit with the value of the noise level currently being delivered at the output from the apparatus, said comparison being used by the count increment defining circuit to select a count increment whose absolute value is greater if the selected value is equal to the current evaluated value of the noise level, and is smaller otherwise.

15. Apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the second sequence signal generated by the clock circuit defines during each time interval I at least two sequences, each of which runs through r values representative of each of the said r discrete values, said sequences defined by said second sequence signal being used during each time interval I for which the selector circuit delivers a selected value as follows;

a first of said sequences within the time interval is used by said control circuit to determine the position of the count corresponding to the selected value relative to said upper threshold, and to determine in said control circuit whether said selected value is equal or not to the noise level value delivered at the output from the apparatus; and

a second of said sequences which takes place after said first of said sequences is used to update the counts in the memory as a function of the comparison performed during said first sequence and, where appropriate, of positions of other counts relative to said lower threshold as compared during said second sequence for each of the counts needing updating.