Bubble detecting infusion apparatus

• US 4,559,454 A
• Filed: 04/01/1983
• Issued: 12/17/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 04/01/1983
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Donald L. Kramer
• Original Assignee: Donald L. Kramer
• Inventors: Kramer, Donald L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nelms, David C.
• Application Number:
  US06/481,500
• Time in Patent Office: 991 Days
• Field of Search: 356/70, 356/133-137, 73/861.41, 73/293, 250/227, 250/560, 250/561, 250/573-575, 250/577, 604/253, 604/31, 604/123, 604/122, 604/245, 222/420, 340/608, 210/85, 210/86, 128/DIG. 13
• US Class Current: 250/577
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/365 Air detectors A61M5/1684 takes precedence; in extracorporeal blood circuits A61M1/3626
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/43 by measuring critical angle
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/13 Infusion monitoring

Abstract

Bubble detecting infusion apparatus for infusing a liquid from a source into a patient through the lumen of a light transmissive conduit member, which lumen has a flat wall surface portion contacted by the liquid in the lumen, the conduit member having an operative position within a yoke in which it is removable disposed, the yoke having a light source for directing a light beam through the conduit member wall toward the flat lumen wall surface portion thereof and having a light sensor positioned to receive light from the source reflected through the conduit member wall by the flat lumen wall surface portion, the angularity between the incident light beam and the normal to the flat lumen wall surface portion being such that when a gas bubble is in contact with the lumen flat wall surface portion, substantially all light from the source incident thereon is reflected by said surface portion toward the light sensor, and when a bubble-free liquid is in contact with the lumen flat wall surface portion, said surface portion is not substantially reflective. Shoulder means on the yoke and conduit member cooperate, when the conduit member is in operative position, to prevent rotation of the conduit member and thereby to maintain the desired angularity of the flat lumen wall surface portion with respect to the light source and the light sensor.

Claims

1. An infusion apparatus having liquid flow path means for conducting a flowing infusion liquid from a source thereof to a patient, the improvement comprising a light transmissive conduit member in said flow path means and adapted for flow therethrough of infusion liquid, said conduit member having external shoulder means and having a lumen which is generally semicircular in tranverse cross section to provide a flat generally diametrical lumen wall surface portion therein;

a yoke in which said conduit member is removably disposed in operative position, said yoke having positioning shoulder means cooperable with the external shoulder means on said conduit member when the latter is in said operative position to prevent rotation of said conduit member relative to said yoke, said yoke also having a light source for directing a light beam through said conduit member wall toward said flat lumen wall surface portion when said conduit member is in said operative position, said yoke also having a light sensor positioned to receive light from said source reflected by said flat lumen wall surface portion through said conduit member wall when said conduit member is in said operative position, said yoke, when said conduit member is in said operative position therein, positioning said light source and light sensor with respect to said flat lumen wall surface portion at an angularity such that when liquid flowing through the conduit member is bubble-free, said surface is not substantially reflective, whereas when a bubble is entrained in the liquid flowing through said conduit member and contacts said flat lumen wall surface portion, substantially all of the light from said source incident upon said flat lumen wall surface portion is reflected by said wall surface portion through said conduit member wall toward said sensor, wherefore sensing of substantial light by the sensor indicates the presence of a bubble in the infusion liquid flowing through said conduit member.

2. The infusion apparatus of claim 1 wherein said conduit member has an outer surface which is polygonal in transverse cross section, and the positioning shoulder means on said yoke engages said outer surface when the conduit member is in said operative position to prevent rotation of the conduit member within the yoke.

3. The infusion apparatus of claim 1 wherein said conduit member has an outer surface which is rectangular in cross section, and the positioning shoulder means on said yoke comprises a recess which is rectangular in cross section and in which said conduit member is removably disposed when in said operative position, the rectangular cross section of said yoke recess and the outer surface of said conduit member being complemental to provide cooperable shoulder means preventing rotation of said conduit member within said yoke when the conduit member is in said operative position.

4. The infusion apparatus of claim 1 wherein said conduit member is formed of light transmissive glass or plastic.

5. The infusion apparatus of claim 1 wherein said light source is a light emitting diode which emits light at a wavelength within the range of from about 300 to about 1100 manometers.

6. The infusion apparatus of claim 1 wherein said light source is an incandescent lamp, said apparatus additionally comprising a filter positioned in the light path between said source and said sensor effective to limit the light passing therethrough to within the range of about 300 to 1100 manometers.