Signal processing and synthesizing method and apparatus

• US 4,559,602 A
• Filed: 01/27/1983
• Issued: 12/17/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 01/27/1983
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Auretina Patent Management Corporation
• Original Assignee: Auretina Patent Management Corporation
• Inventors: Bates, John K. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Krass, Errol A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Teska, Kevin J.
• Application Number:
  US06/461,548
• Time in Patent Office: 1,055 Days
• Field of Search: 364/487, 364/417, 364/413, 364/513, 364/722, 364/513.5, 381/29-49
• US Class Current: 702/71
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 17/10 Complex mathematical operations function generation by table look-up G06F1/03; evaluation of elementary functions by calculation G06F7/544
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 18/2134 based on separation criteria, e.g. independent component analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2218/08 Feature extraction

Abstract

System for analyzing a signal waveform includes a periodicity analyzer for detecting the time of occurrence of individual repetitions of a predetermined type within a periodic event in the signal waveform. The periodicity analyzer can provide, in response to this event being periodic, a periodicity signal corresponding to the period of the predetermined periodic event. Also included is a residue analyzer for providing upon the occurrence of a predetermined feature of the signal waveform, a normalized signal bearing a predetermined relation to the signal waveform. The apparatus also includes a utilization subsystem coupled to the periodicity analyzer and residue analyzer for providing an output signal based upon the contemporaneous values of the normalized signal and the periodicity signal.

Claims

1. The process of analyzing a complex waveform ##EQU5## wherein A_k =k^th amplitude coefficient

s_k =k^th complex frequency (α

_k +jβ

_k)

τ

_k =epoch (start) of k^th excitation function;

said process comprising the steps of determining at least two waveform information vectors (WIVs), said waveform information vectors each comprising at least two components from the vector space having as components epoch, residue R and direction θ

of arrival of said waveform, wherein said waveform information vectors are measured at the instant at least one of f(t) or d/dt is at a predetermined condition, and determining the existence of a given immediate flash information characteristic in said waveform by comparison of said at least two WIVs to predetermined values, said residue being an amplitude independent function of the waveform as determined upon the occurrence of a predetermined feature of the signal waveform.

2. The process of claim 1, which includes the further step of determining in addition to said at least two of said WIVs a third one of said WIVs to detect a regularity indicating a periodicity.

3. The process of claim 2 which includes the further step of determining in addition to said third one of said WIVs a fourth one of said WIVs and comparing the change between said third one and said fourth one of said WIVs, said third and fourth one of said WIVs being separated by a predetermined period of time.

4. The process of claim 2 which includes the further step of comparing said WIVs to a predetermined pattern.

5. Apparatus for analyzing a signal waveform from a source of said signal waveform, comprising:

periodicity means coupled to said source for detecting the time of occurrence of individual repetitions of a predetermined type within a periodic event in said signal waveform and providing in response to detection of periodicity in said event a periodicity signal corresponding to the period of said periodic event;

residue means coupled to said source of said signal waveform for providing upon the occurrence of a predetermined feature of said signal waveform a normalized signal bearing a predetermined relation to said signal waveform; and

utilization means coupled to said periodicity means and said residue means for providing an output signal based on the contemporaneous values of said normalized signal and said periodicity signal.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said periodicity means comprises:

threshold means for providing a threshold signal in response to the signal waveform crossing a predetermined threshold standard; and

repetition means coupled to said threshold means for providing said periodicity signal in response to three regular repetitions of said threshold signal.

7. Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said predetermined threshold standard of said threshold means is, at least, a zero crossing of said signal waveform.

8. Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said predetermined threshold standard of said threshold means, includes either the peaking or the nulling of said signal waveform.

9. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said feature of said residue means includes the changing of said signal waveform in a predetermined manner, said normalized signal being the length of time required for the change in said predetermined manner.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the change occurring in said predetermined manner is the increase in said signal waveform from a predetermined value to the next peak.

11. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said residue means includes:

normalizing means for producing a preconditioned signal representing the time rate of change of the logarithm of said signal waveform; and

feature means coupled to said normalizing means for providing said normalized signal in response to the occurrence of said predetermined feature in said preconditioned signal.

12. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said utilization means comprises:

display means coupled to said residue means and said periodicity means for providing a two dimensional plot of the magnitude of contemporaneously occurring pairs of said periodicity signal and said normalized signal.

13. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said utilization means comprises:

template means coupled to said residue means and said periodicity means for resolving said periodicity signal and said normalized signal into contemporaneously occurring coordinate pairs on a two dimensional plot, said template means being operable to provide a recognition signal in response to said plot forming a predetermined pattern.

14. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said periodicity means comprises:

timing means for providing a trio signal in response to three repetitions within said periodic event; and

termination means coupled to said timing means for terminating therein the subsequent effect of the first of the three repetitions within said periodic event in response to said trio signal, whereby spurious submultiple responses are eliminated.

15. Apparatus according to claim 14 wherein said timing means includes:

delaying means having a plurality of ordered cells through which a pulsed signal can propagate, each repetition of said periodic event being applied to the first one of said cells to initiate the pulsed signal.

16. Apparatus according to claim 15 wherein said delaying means comprises:

at least a first and second group of clock-controllable shift registers for propagating through themselves the pulsed signal; and

a clock having at least two harmonically related outputs, each separately connected to one of said two groups of shift registers to cause said pulsed signal to propagate through said second group of shift registers more slowly than the first group of shift registers.

17. Apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising:

epoch means coupled to said timing means and operable to produce an epoch pulse in response to the arrival of the first of three repetitions within said periodic event, provided that said arrival is not simultaneous with the production of a trio signal, whereby the first three repetitions of the periodic event defines an onset, with subsequent repetitions of the same event being suppressed.

18. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said feature of said residue means includes said signal waveform reaching a local peak, said normalized signal being related to the second derivative of the natural logarithm of the signal waveform when the waveform reaches said local peak.

19. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said signal waveform includes a pair of related signals, said periodicity means including:

a pair of periodicity channels each for processing a different corresponding one of said pair of related signals, each of said periodicity channels being operable to detect the occurrence of a periodic event in its corresponding one of said related signals and to provide in response thereto a periodicity signal corresponding to the period of said periodic event, said residue means including;

a pair of residue channels each for providing upon the occurrence of a predetermined feature of its corresponding one of said related signals a normalized signal bearing a predetermined relation to said signal waveform, said utilization means comprising;

comparison means coupled to said periodicity means and said residue means for providing a directionality signal based on the relative values of either said normalized signal or said periodicity signal of said pair of related signals.

20. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said utilization means comprises:

matrix means coupled to said periodicity means and said residue means for providing in response to the contemporaneous magnitudes of said periodicity signal and said normalized signal, a coordinate signal corresponding to a location on a two-dimensional existence plane.

21. Apparatus according to claim 20 wherein said matrix means is operable to provide said coordinate signal by quantizing pairs of values of said periodicity signal and said normalized signal into one of a predetermined plurality of discrete positional values.

22. Apparatus according to claim 21 wherein said utilization means includes:

template means coupled to said matrix means for providing a recognition signal is response to the contemporaneous occurrence of a predetermined subset from said predetermined plurality of discrete positional values.

23. Apparatus according to claim 22 wherein said utilization means comprises:

frequency means for producing a presence signal in response to the repetitious occurence of said predetermined subset from said predetermined plurality of said discrete positional values.

24. Apparatus for detecting individual repetitions within a periodic event in a signal waveform comprising:

periodicity means for providing in response to three individual repetitions within said periodic event, a group signal corresponding to the period of said periodic event; and

termination means coupled to said periodicity means for suppressing the effect of non-successive, regular repetitions within said periodic event occurring at submultiple repetition rates, said termination means being operable to terminate within said periodicity means the subsequent effect of the first of the three repetitions within said periodic event in response to said group signal, whereby spurious submultiple responses are eliminated.

25. Apparatus according to claim 24 wherein said timing means includes:

delaying means having a plurality of ordered cells through which a pulsed signal can propagate, each repetition of said periodic event being applied to the first one of said cells to initiate the pulsed signal.

26. Apparatus according to claim 25 wherein said delaying means comprises:

at least a first and second group of clock-controllable shift registers for propagating through themselves the pulsed signal; and

a clock having at least two harmonically related outputs, each separately connected to one of said two groups of shift registers to cause said pulsed signal to propagate through said second group of shift registers more slowly than the first.

27. Apparatus according to claim 24 further comprising:

epoch means coupled to said timing means and operable to produce an epoch pulse in response to the arrival of the first of three repetitions within said periodic event, provided that said arrival is not simultaneous with the production of a group signal, whereby the first three repetitions of the periodic event defines an onset, with subsequent repetitions of the same event being suppressed.

28. A method for analyzing a signal waveform comprising the steps of:

detecting each occurrence of a periodic event of a predetermined type in said signal waveform and determining said event is periodic by determining that the signal waveform crosses a predetermined threshold standard in three regular repetitions;

sensing each occurrence of a predetermined feature of said signal waveform;

generating a normalized value from said signal waveform upon the occurrence of its predetermined feature; and

recording the occurrence of each periodic event together with the predetermined feature of said signal waveform occurring contemporaneously therewith.

29. A method according to claim 28 wherein said predetermined threshold standard includes a zero crossing.

30. A method according to claim 28 wherein said feature of said signal waveform includes the changing of said signal waveform in a predetermined manner, said normalized value being the length of time required for the change in said predetermined manner.

31. A method according to claim 30 wherein the change occurring in said predetermined manner is the increase in said signal waveform from a predetermined value to the next peak.

32. A method according to claim 28 wherein said generating said normalized value includes the steps of:

producing a preconditioned value representing the time rate of change of the logarithm of said signal waveform; and

providing said normalized value in response to the occurrence of said predetermined feature in said preconditioned signal.

33. A method according to claim 28 wherein said associating step comprises:

providing a two dimensional plot of the magnitude of contemporaneously occurring pairs of two values;

the period of the periodic event and the normalized value.

34. A method according to claim 28 wherein said associating step comprises:

resolving the period of said periodic event and said normalized value into contemporaneously occurring coordinate pairs on a two-dimensional plot; and

recognizing said two dimensional plot being formed into a predetermined pattern.

35. A method according to claim 28 wherein said associating step comprises:

providing in response to said normalized value and the contemporaneous magnitude of the period of the periodic event, a coordinate signal corresponding to a location on a two-dimensional existence plane.

36. A method according to claim 35 wherein the step of providing a coordinate signal comprises:

quantizing pairs of values of a, the period of said periodic event and b, said normalized value, into one of a predetermined plurality of discrete positional values.

37. A method according to claim 36 wherein said associating step further comprise:

recognizing the contemporaneous occurrence of each member of a predetermined subset from said predetermined plurality of discrete positional values.

38. A method according to claim 37 wherein said associating step further comprise:

identifying the repetition, a predetermined number of times, of the occurrence of said predetermined subset from said predetermined plurality of said discrete positional values.

39. A method according to claim 28 wherein said detecting the occurrence of said event comprises:

sensing three repetitions within said periodic event; and

ignoring the first of the three repetition within said periodic event after the sensing of said three repetitions, whereby spurious submultiple responses are eliminated.

40. A method according to claim 39 further comprising the step of:

sensing an epoch as the arrival of the first of three repetitions within said periodic event, provided that said arrival is not equivalent to the third of three other repetitions in the same periodic event, whereby the first three repetitions of the periodic event defines an onset with subsequent repetitions of the same event being suppressed.

41. A method according to claim 40 wherein said predetermined threshold standard includes either the peaking or the nulling of said signal waveform.

42. A method according to claim 28 wherein said predetermined feature includes said signal waveform reachig a local peak, said normalized value being related to the second derivative of the natural logarithm of the signal waveform when the waveform reaches said local peak.