Thin film absorber for a solar collector

• US 4,559,924 A
• Filed: 02/27/1984
• Issued: 12/24/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 11/20/1979
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Department of Energy (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: United States Department of Energy (Government of the United States of America)
• Inventors: Wilhelm, William G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lyddane, William E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Anderson, Gerald A.
• Application Number:
  US06/582,163
• Time in Patent Office: 666 Days
• Field of Search: 126/426, 126/444, 126/450, 126/449, 126/445, 126/901, 126/432, 126/447
• US Class Current: 126/627
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 10/72 the tubular conduits being integrated in a block; the tubular conduits touching each other
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 20/67 in the form of roof constructions in the form of shingles or tiles F24S20/69
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 2025/011 Arrangements for mounting elements inside solar collectors; Spacers inside solar collectors
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 2030/16 Hinged elements; Pin connections
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 2080/502 in the form of multiple covering elements
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 70/225 for spectrally selective absorption
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 70/275 Coatings made of plastics
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 80/30 Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 30/60 Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/20 Solar thermal
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/44 Heat exchange systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 126/906 Connecting plural solar collectors as a unit

Abstract

This invention pertains to energy absorbers for solar collectors, and more particularly to high performance thin film absorbers. The solar collectors comprising the absorber of this invention overcome several problems seen in current systems, such as excessive hardware, high cost and unreliability. In the preferred form, the apparatus features a substantially rigid planar frame with a thin film window bonded to one planar side of the frame. An absorber in accordance with the present invention is comprised of two thin film layers that are sealed perimetrically. In a preferred embodiment, thin film layers are formed from a metal/plastic laminate. The layers define a fluid-tight planar envelope of large surface area to volume through which a heat transfer fluid flows. The absorber is bonded to the other planar side of the frame. The thin film construction of the absorber assures substantially full envelope wetting and thus good efficiency. The window and absorber films stress the frame adding to the overall strength of the collector.

Claims

1. A solar collector comprising:

(a) a perimetric frame defining a substantially open central portion having two spaced, substantially planar sides, said frame also having an internal perimetric flange;

(b) thin plastic film glazing substantially congruent to said frame covering said sides and fastened to said frame whereby said frame and said glazing cooperate to form a light-weight, high-strength monocoque structure;

(c) an absorber comprising two substantially congruent thin films being bonded together around their edges to form an envelope having a high surface area to volume ratio, said envelope having a first opening for the introduction of a heat transfer fluid into said envelope and a second opening for the removal of said fluid from said envelope, which absorber is substantially congruent with and fastened to said internal flange so that said absorber is parallel with and spaced from said sides; and

(d) manifold means for providing a flow of heat transfer fluid through said absorber.

2. A collector as described in claim 1, further comprising insulation disposed between said absorber and at least one glazing film said sides defined by said frame, at least a portion of said insulation comprising a rigid insulation material which supports said frame in compression so as to further strengthen said monocoque structure.

3. A solar collector of claim 1 wheein the absorber is constructed so that said films are furthe bonded together at a plurality of locations across their surface so as to maintain a high degree of parallelism between said films as said heat transfer fluid flows from said first opening to said second opening thereby assuring that a substantial portion of the surface of said films is wetted by said fluid.

4. A solar collector of claim 1 wherein in the absorber, at least one of said films is formed from a metal/plastic laminate.