Temperature controlled crystal oscillator arrangement

• US 4,560,959 A
• Filed: 05/18/1983
• Issued: 12/24/1985
• Est. Priority Date: 05/18/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nortel Networks Limited (Nortel Networks Corporation)
• Original Assignee: STC PLC (f/k/a Standard Telephones and Cables)
• Inventors: Rokos, George H. S., Wilson, James S.
• Primary Examiner(s): LaRoche, Eugene R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Pascal, Robert J.
• Application Number:
  US06/495,858
• Time in Patent Office: 951 Days
• Field of Search: 331/66, 331/176, 331/116 R, 331/158, 307/491
• US Class Current: 331/176
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 3/225 producing a current or voltage as a predetermined function of the temperature
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 3/30 Regulators using the difference between the base-emitter voltages of two bipolar transistors operating at different current densities G05F3/26 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/0307 Stabilisation of output, e.g. using crystal
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 1/023 by using voltage variable capacitance diodes

Abstract

A temperature compensated crystal oscillator in which the base emitter voltage of transistors in an integrated circuit is used to provide substantially linearly temperature sensitive outputs which are employed to generate a series of polynomial functions of Chebyshev-like form which are summed and used to control a varicap diode in the oscillator feedback path.

Claims

1. A temperature compensated crystal oscillator arrangement, comprising

a crystal oscillator circuit including an oscillator crystal and having a frequency selective positive feedback path incorporating a frequency pulling control element;

and

a temperature sensitive compensation circuit so connected to said feedback path as to drive said control element and including

temperature sensing means operative for issuing an electrical output signal that is a monotonically varying function of temperature,

power series function generator means connected to said temperature sensing means to receive said output signal therefrom and operative for generating a series of outputs that represent the terms of a Chebyshev-like polynomial function, the orders of the terms increasing from zero to the number of outputs less one,

summing amplifier means having a plurality of inputs each receiving one of said outputs of said power series function generator means and operative for providing an output signal that is a weighted sum of said outputs of said power series function generator means, and

means for applying said output of said summing amplifier means to said feedback path so as to drive said control element.

2. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein said power series function generator means is operative for generating a series of at least three of said outputs.

3. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 2, wherein said crystal is an AT-cut crystal.

4. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 3, wherein the angle of the cut of said crystal is chosen to provide substantially minimum excursion of natural resonant frequency over the working temperature range, and wherein the third of said series of outputs of said power series function generator means has a minimum excursion form approximating the Chebyshev polynomial term C₃.

5. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein said temperature sensing means, said power series function generator means and said summing amplifier means include active components that are provided on at least one integrated circuit.

6. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 5, wherein said at least one integrated circuit is provided by a semicustom analog array.

7. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 5, wherein said integrated circuit includes a voltage reference.

8. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 5, wherein said integrated circuit includes said frequency pulling control element of said oscillator circuit.

9. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 5, wherein the only components not part of said at least one integrated circuit are resistors.

10. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 9, wherein said resistors are 2% accuracy E 24 series resistors.

11. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 5, wherein said at least one integrated circuit includes said oscillator circuit with the exception of said frequency pulling control element and said crystal.

12. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 5, wherein said integrated circuit includes said oscillator circuit with the exception of said crystal.

13. The oscillator arrangement as defined in claim 5, wherein the only discrete off-chip components of said integrated circuit are resistors and said crystal.

15. An oscillator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said frequency pulling control element is a varicap diode.

14. A temperature compensated crystal oscillator arrangement, comprising:

a crystal oscillator circuit including an oscillator crystal and having a frequency selective positive feedback path incorporating a frequency pulling control element;

a temperature sensitive compensation circuit so connected to said feedback path as to drive said control element and including;

temperature sensing means operative for issuing an electrical output signal that is a monotonically varying function of temperature;

power series function generator means connected to said temperature sensing means to receive said output signal therefrom and operative for generating a series of outputs that represent the terms of a polynomial function, the orders of the terms increasing from zero to the number of outputs less one;

summing amplifier means having a plurality of inputs each receiving one of said outputs of said power series function generator means and operative for providing an output signal that is a weighted sum of said outputs of said power series function generator means; and

means for applying said output of said summing amplifier means to said feedback path so as to drive said control elements;

said temperature sensing means, said power series function generator means and said summing amplifier means including active components that are provided on at least one integrated circuit; and

said temperature sensing means including circuitry adapted to provide first and second substantially linear temperature coefficient current output signals whose coefficients are respectively positive and negative with the modulus of the first coefficient being substantially equal to that of the second, both signals being derived from the temperature characteristic of the base emitter voltages of elements of the at least one integrated circuit.