Diffraction tomography system and methods
First Claim
1. A method for the reconstruction of an object which has diffracted at least one wave of energy propagating through it, said wave of energy being selected from a group consisting of sonic and electromagnetic waves, comprising the steps of:
- (a) obtaining signals which are a function of at least one of the phase and amplitude of the diffracted propagating wave after said wave has interacted with said object; and
(b) converting said signals by means of a filtered backpropagation technique into an array representing a partial reconstruction of the object.
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Abstract
Diffraction tomography systems and methods are disclosed for the reconstruction of physical properties of two and three-dimensional objects from information collected in one or more diffraction tomographic procedures. A diffraction tomographic system is comprised of a continuous or pulsed source of wave energy, a detecting system for the measurement of the amplitude and/or phase of the scattered field resulting from the wave energy interacting with a two or three-dimensional object, a processing and filtering system for processing and filtering the measured signals according to a filtered backpropagation technique thereby generating arrays which are used to reconstruct the object properties, and a graphics display system for displaying obtained reconstructions. Specific embodiments include ultrasound transmission computed tomography; well-to-well electromagnetic and sonic tomography; subsurface electromagnetic or seismic exploration; and X-ray transmission tomography. The methods and systems apply filtered backpropagation techniques which are generalizations of the filtered backprojection technique of X-ray computed tomography to cases where diffraction of the insonifying beam is taken into consideration.
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Citations
91 Claims
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1. A method for the reconstruction of an object which has diffracted at least one wave of energy propagating through it, said wave of energy being selected from a group consisting of sonic and electromagnetic waves, comprising the steps of:
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(a) obtaining signals which are a function of at least one of the phase and amplitude of the diffracted propagating wave after said wave has interacted with said object; and (b) converting said signals by means of a filtered backpropagation technique into an array representing a partial reconstruction of the object. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 6)
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4. A method for the reconstruction of a three-dimensional object which has diffracted waves of energy propagating through it at at least one view angle on a plane and for at least one planar orientation, comprising the steps of:
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(a) obtaining signals which are a function of at least one of the phase and amplitude of each propagating wave after said wave has interacted with said object; (b) preprocessing and separating said obtained signals to obtain sets of preprocessed signals, each set representing the signals obtained from the propagation of an energy wave at a separate view angle; (c) converting said sets of preprocessed signals by means of a filtered backpropagation technique into arrays representing the partial reconstruction of the object; and (d) interpolating each partial reconstruction onto a master array to obtain the two-dimensional reconstruction of a planar projection of the object. - View Dependent Claims (5, 7, 8)
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9. A system for the reconstruction of an object which has diffracted at least one wave of energy propagating through it, said wave of energy being selected from a group consisting of sonic and electromagnetic waves, comprising:
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(a) means for obtaining signals which are a function of at least one of the phase and amplitude of the diffracted propagating wave after said wave has interacted with said object; and (b) filter means for converting said signals by means of a filtered backpropagation technique into an array representing a partial reconstruction of the object. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 14)
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12. A system for the reconstruction of a three-dimensional object which has diffracted waves of energy propagating through it at at least one view angle on a plane for at at least one planar orientation, comprising:
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(a) means for obtaining signals which are a function of at least one of the phase and amplitude of each propagating wave after said wave has interacted with said object; (b) preprocessing and separating means for separating and preprocessing said obtained signals to obtain sets of preprocessed signals, each set representing the signals obtained from the propagation of an energy wave at a separate view angle; (c) filter means for converting said sets of preprocessed signals into arrays representing the partial reconstruction of the object by means of a filtered backpropagation technique; and (d) interpolation means for interpolating each partial reconstruction array onto a master array to obtain the two-dimensional reconstruction of a planar projection of the object. - View Dependent Claims (13, 15, 16)
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17. A method for the reconstruction of a subsurface geological formation which has diffracted at least one wave of energy propagating through it, said wave of energy being selected from a group consisting of sonic and electromagnetic waves, comprising the steps of:
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(a) obtaining signals which are a function of at least one of the phase and amplitude of the diffracted propagating wave after said wave has interacted with said formation; and (b) converting said signals by means of a filtered backpropagation technique into an array representing a partial reconstruction profile of the formation. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20)
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21. A system for the reconstruction of a subsurface geological formation which has diffracted at least one wave of energy propagating through it, said wave of energy being selected from a group consisting of sonic or electromagnetic waves, comprising:
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(a) means for obtaining signals which are a function of at least one of the phase and amplitude of the diffracted propagating wave after said wave has interacted with said formation; and (b) filter means for converting said signals by means of a filtered backpropagation technique into an array representing a partial reconstruction of the formation. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24)
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25. A method for tomographic reconstruction of a two-dimensional object comprising:
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(a) directing at a view angle one or more waves of energy toward an object being examained; (b) detecting as a function of time the one or more fields produced by said one or more waves; (c) producing one or more signals which are functions of said one or more detected fields; and (d) filtering said produced signals according to a filtered backpropagation technique to generate a two-dimensional array representing the partial reconstruction of the object. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. A method for tomographic reconstruction of a three-dimensional object comprising:
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(a) directing at a view angle on a plane one or more waves of energy toward an object being examined; (b) detecting as a function of time the one or more fields produced by said one or more waves; (c) producing one or more signals which are functions of said one or more detected fields; (d) preprocessing said produced signals; and (e) filtering said preprocessed signals according to a filtered backpropagation technique to generate a two-dimensional array representing the partial reconstruction of the object. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)
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43. A system for tomographic reconstruction of a two-dimensional object comprising:
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(a) one or more sources of waves of energy directed at a view angle at an object; (b) one or more detecting means for detecting as a function of time the one or more fields produced by the waves interacting with said object; (c) signal producing means for producing signals which are functions of said fields; and (d) filter means for filtering said produced signals according to a backpropagation technique to generate a two-dimensional array representing the partial reconstruction of the object. - View Dependent Claims (44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)
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51. A system for tomographic reconstruction of a three-dimensional object comprising:
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(a) one or more sources of waves of energy directed at a view angle on a plane at an object; (b) one or more detecting means for detecting as a function of time the one or more fields produced by the waves interacting with said object; (c) signal producing means for producing signals which are functions of said one or more fields; (d) preprocessing means for preprocessing said produced signals; and (e) filter means for filtering said preprocessed signals according to a filtered backpropagation technique to generate a two-dimensional array representing the partial reconstruction of the object. - View Dependent Claims (52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60)
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61. A method for tomographic reconstruction of a subsurface formation comprising:
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(a) directing one or more waves of energy into said formation, the totality of said waves approximating one or more cylindrical waves of a given phase tilt; (b) detecting as a function of time the one or more fields produced by said one or more waves; (c) producing one or more signals which are functions of said one or more detected fields; and (d) filtering said produced signals according to a filtered backpropagation technique to generate a two-dimensional array representing the partial reconstruction of the subsurface formation. - View Dependent Claims (62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75)
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76. A system for tomographic reconstruction of a subsurface earth formation comprising:
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(a) one or more sources of waves of energy directed at said earth formation, wherein the totality of the waves of said one or more sources approximate one or more cylindrical waves of a given phase tilt; (b) one or more detecting means for detecting as a function of time the one or more fields produced by the waves interacting with said earth formation; (c) signal producing means for producing signals which are a function of said one or more fields; and (d) filter means for filtering said produced signals according to a filtered backpropagation technique to generate a two-dimensional array representing the partial reconstruction of the subsurface formation. - View Dependent Claims (77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89)
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90. A method for the reconstruction of an object which has diffracted at least one wave of energy propagating through it, said wave of energy being selected from a group consisting of sonic or electromagnetic waves, comprising the steps of:
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(a) obtaining signals which are a function of at least one of the phase and amplitude of the diffracted propagating wave after said wave has interacted with said object; (b) converting said signals by means of a backpropagation filter into an array representing a partial reconstruction of the object; and (c) generating a tangible record of said array representing said partial reconstruction of the object.
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91. A system for the reconstruction of an object which has diffracted at least one wave of energy propagating through it, said wave of energy being selected from a group consisting of sonic or electromagnetic waves, comprising:
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(a) means for obtaining signals which are a function of at least one of the phase and amplitude of the diffracted propagating wave after said wave has interacted with said object; (b) filter means for converting said signals by means of a backpropagation filter into an array representing a partial reconstruction of the object; and (c) means for generating a tangible record of said array representing said partial reconstruction of said object.
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Specification