Universal lesion and recording electrode system

• US 4,565,200 A
• Filed: 05/04/1982
• Issued: 01/21/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 09/24/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sherwood Services AG
• Original Assignee: Eric R. Cosman
• Inventors: Cosman, Eric R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Application Number:
  US06/374,806
• Time in Patent Office: 1,358 Days
• Field of Search: 128/303.13, 128/303.14, 128/303.15, 128/303.17, 128/303.18, 128/642, 128/736, 128/784, 128/786
• US Class Current: 600/373
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1477 Needle-like probes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1482 having a long rigid shaft for accessing the inner body transcutaneously in minimal invasive surgery, e.g. laparoscopy
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00084 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00083 low, i.e. electrically insulating
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00196 reciprocating lengthwise
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/1472 for use with liquid electrolyte, e.g. virtual electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/10 for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis

Abstract

A set of instruments is described which enables variability in the size and shape of the region of destructive, radio frequency heating (lesion making) of tissue within the living body, and which enables this variability with only one insertion tract into the body up to the region of the targeted tissue. The set of instruments comprises an entrance cannula with a through-opening along its length and with the through-opening being front-facing at the cannula'"'"'s distal end, a straight lesion electrode which telescopes into said cannula such that the exposed metal tip of the electrode can extend beyond the distal tip of the cannula by a variable amount, and an off-axis-tipped electrode that also telescopes into the cannula so that its uninsulated tip emerges from the cannula'"'"'s distal end in an off-axis direction. The bare tips of these electrodes can be raised to a radio frequency (rf) potential by connections on electrode'"'"'s hubs, this rf potential causing the tissue to heat around the tip. Thus, the surgeon has the option, once the cannula is inserted, of: (i) making a straight lesion volume of variable dimension out the end of the cannula using the straight electrode, or; (ii) enlarging the lesion off-axis in any direction or by any distance using the off-axis electrode. Similar straight or off-axis recording electrodes could be used in place of the above lesion electrodes to record electrical activity of the targeted tissue before or after lesion making.

Claims

1. A universal radio frequency heat lesion electrode kit adapted to provide a surgeon with the ability to vary the dimensions and the orientation of heat lesions made within the body with only a single entrance tract into the body, said kit comprising:

(a) an entrance cannula having a hub on its proximal end and a straight elongated shaft that is adapted to be inserted into the living body such that the distal end of said cannula shaft which is the distal end of said cannula can be brought into proximity to target tissue within the living body which is to be destroyed by a heat lesion, said entrance cannula having a through-opening which extends from said proximal end to the distal end of said cannula shaft, the through-opening having a portion which is a straight through-opening such that a straight shaft may be passed completely through it and emerge from said distal end, and said cannula shaft being covered with an insulating material such that at most only a small portion of its surface at said distal end of said shaft is uninsulated;

(b) a straight lesion electrode which is adapted to be inserted into said entrance cannula, the straight lesion electrode having a hub on its proximal end and a straight elongated shaft that is adapted to be inserted through the through-opening of said entrance cannula so that the straight distal tip of said straight lesion electrode can emerge from the through-opening at said distal end of said entrance cannula, at least a portion of the surface of said straight distal tip being metal and uninsulated, said straight metal distal tip being electrically connected to connection means on said hub of said straight lesion electrode, whereby an external source of radio frequency voltage may be connected to the connection means so as to raise said straight metal distal tip to a radio frequency voltage, said straight lesion electrode and said entrance cannula being so adapted that when said straight lesion electrode is inserted into said through-opening of said entrance cannula then said straight distal tip will extend beyond said distal end of said entrance cannula in a straight direction which is parallel to the direction of said cannula shaft, and the amount of said exposed metal surface of said straight distal tip beyond said distal end of said cannula can be varied in accordance with the relative positions of said straight electrode hub and said cannula hub;

(c) an off-axis lesion electrode which is adapted to be inserted into said through-opening of said entrance cannula, the off-axis lesion electrode having a hub on its proximal end and an elongated shaft portion that is adapted to be inserted through said through-opening of said entrance cannula so that the distal tip portion of said off-axis lesion electrode can emerge from said through-opening at the distal end of said entrance cannula, the distal tip of said off-axis lesion electrode being so adapted that when it emerges from said through-opening at said cannula distal end then it can emerge beyond said cannula distal end in a direction which is off the axis of said cannula shaft, at least a portion of the surface of said distal tip of said off-axis lesion electrode being metal and uninsulated, the metal portion of said off-axis lesion electrode tip being electrically connected to connection means on said hub of said off-axis lesion electrode, whereby an external source of radio frequency voltage may be connected to the off-axis electrode connection means so as to raise said metal portion of said off-axis lesion electrode tip to a radio frequency voltage, said off-axis lesion electrode and said entrance cannula being so adapted that when said off-axis lesion electrode is inserted into said through-opening of said entrance cannula then said distal tip of said off-axis lesion electrode will extend out of said through-opening in the distal end of said entrance cannula in a direction which is off the axis of said cannula shaft, and the direction of and the degree of extension of said metal uninsulated portion of said distal tip of said off-axis lesion electrode relative to said distal end of said entrance cannula can be varied in accordance with the relative orientations and positions of said off-axis electrode hub and said cannula hub; and

, said off-axis lesion electrode having thermal sensing means for monitoring the temperature of said metal uninsulated portion of said distal tip whereby, when in use, said entrance cannula can be inserted into the living body such that said distal end of said entrance cannula is in proximity to tissue which is to be destroyed by radio frequency heating, and, without any subsequent withdrawal or relocation of said entrance cannula, there are provided the surgical options of;

(1) making an axially symmetric heating of tissue located adjacent to said through-opening in said distal end of said cannula by inserting said straight lesion electrode into said cannula so as to have said straight distal tip extend beyond said cannula distal end into the tissue to be heated and applying said radio frequency voltage to said metal portion of said straight distal tip, thereby causing tissue adjacent to said straight distal tip to be heated, the size of the region of tissue to be heated in the direction of said straight distal tip being chosen by the amount that said straight distal tip is extended beyond said distal end of said cannula; and

,

(2) making an off-axis heating of tissue located adjacent to said through-opening in said distal end of said cannula by inserting said straight off-axis lesion electrode into said cannula so as to have said off-axis distal tip extend out of said cannula distal end into the tissue to be heated and applying said radio frequency voltage to said metal portion of said off-axis lesion electrode tip, thereby causing tissue adjacent to said off-axis lesion electrode tip to be heated, the size of and the orientation of the region of tissue to be heated off of the direction of the axis of said entrance cannula shaft being chosen by the amount that said off-axis electrode tip is extended from said distal end of said cannula and by the direction in which said off-axis electrode is extended from said distal end of said cannula as determined by the relative position and orientation of said hubs of said cannula and said off-axis electrode and, the temperature of the region surrounding the distal tip can be monitored.

2. The electrode kit of claim 1 wherein said straight elongated shaft of said entrance cannula comprises a straight metal tube with an open distal end, said straight elongated shaft of said straight lesion electrode comprises a straight metal tube the distal tip surface of which is uninsulated and is the distal tip end of said straight electrode, said hub of said straight electrode is in part metal and is electrically connected to said straight metal tube, said elongated shaft of said off-axis lesion electrode comprises a metal tube element and said distal tip of said off-axis electrode comprises a flexible curved metal element which is connected to said metal tube element of said off-axis electrode so that when said off-axis electrode is inserted into said through-opening of said cannula then said curved metal element will emerge out of said distal tip of said cannula in an off-axis direction, said hub of said off-axis electrode being in part metal and electrically connected to said curved metal element by said metal tube element.

3. The electrode kit of claim 1 wherein said entrance cannula, said straight lesion electrode, and said off-axis lesion electrode are sized for percutaneous heat lesion making in the trigeminal nerve, and whereby with one insertion into the trigeminal nerve with said entrance cannula, the surgeon has the option of making a straight variable length lesion in the trigeminal nerve or an off-axis lesion into off-axis regions of the trigeminal nerve so as to achieve more specific areas of pain relief.

4. The kit of claim 1 and further including a recording electrodes adapted to enable the surgeon to record electrical activity of tissue in the region around said through-opening in said distal end of said entrance cannula, said recording electrodes comprising:

(a) a straight recording electrode which is adapted to be inserted into said entrance cannula, the straight recording electrode having a hub on its proximal end and a straight elongated shaft that is adapted to be inserted through said through-opening of said entrance cannula so that the straight distal tip of said straight recording electrode will emerge from the through-opening at said distal end of said entrance cannula, in a straight direction which is parallel to the direction of said cannula shaft, said straight shaft of said straight recording electrode comprising a conductive element which runs from the distal end to the proximal end of said straight recording electrode shaft and connects on the proximal end with recording connection means on said hub of said straight recording electrode and connects on the distal end with an uninsulated metal recording tip, said straight recording electrode being insulated over a portion of its surface sufficiently to insulate it from said entrance cannula when inserted into said entrance cannula, said recording connection means being adapted to provide connection means to external recording apparatus, whereby, when in use and said entrance cannula is inserted into the living body, said straight recording electrode recording tip can be made to extend out beyond said cannula distal tip in a straight direction, thus enabling recording of electrical activity in tissue which is located in said straight direction; and

,

(b) an off-axis recording electrode which is adapted to be inserted into said entrance cannula, the off-axis recording electrode having a hub on its proximal end and an elongated shaft portion that is adapted to be inserted through said through-opening of said entrance cannula so that the distal tip portion of said off-axis recording electrode can emerge from said through-opening at the distal end of said entrance cannula, the distal tip of said off-axis lesion electrode being so adapted that when it emerges from said through-opening at said cannula distal end then it emerges beyond said cannula distal end in a direction which is off the axis of said cannula shaft, said distal tip end of said off-axis recording electrode having an uninsulated metal recording tip portion which is electrically connected by electrical conductor means which runs along said elongated shaft portion to recording connection means in the hub of said off-axis recording electrode, said off-axis recording electrode being insulated over a portion of its surface sufficiently to insulate it from said entrance cannula when inserted into said entrance cannula, said recording connection means on said off-axis recording electrode hub being adapted to provide connection means to external recording apparatus, whereby, when in use and said entrance cannula is inserted into the living body, said metal recording tip portion of said distal tip of said off-axis recording electrode can be made to extend out beyond said entrance cannula distal tip in a direction which is off the axis of said entrance cannula, thus enabling recording of electrical activity in tissue which is located on regions which are in the vicinity of said cannula distal tip and which are off the axis of said entrance cannula.