Time measurements in a transmission path

• US 4,569,042 A
• Filed: 12/23/1983
• Issued: 02/04/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/1983
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: AT&T, Inc.
• Inventors: Larson, Mikiel L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Scutch, III, Frank M.
• Application Number:
  US06/564,758
• Time in Patent Office: 774 Days
• Field of Search: 370/60, 370/94, 370/85, 370/14, 371/34
• US Class Current: 370/250
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0632 Synchronisation of packets and cells, e.g. transmission of voice via a packet network, circuit emulation service [CES] queuing arrangements in packet switching elements H04L49/90; synchronising systems for the synchronous transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals H04N7/56
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0682 by delay compensation, e.g. by compensation of propagation delay or variations thereof, by ranging
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/64 Hybrid switching systems

Abstract

In a voice packet switching network (10), following call path set-up, continuity packets (500a-c) are transmitted between the call originating (100) and destination (101) nodes to check call path continuity. The continuity packets carry time stamps of their (503) and the preceding continuity packet'"'"'s (504) time of transmission, to permit determination of call path transit delay, and computation of asynchrony between clocks (200) of the two nodes. A call path is considered acceptable if one half the path round trip transit delay does not exceed a predetermined maximum acceptable delay. Subsequently transmitted data packets are discarded if their transit delay exceeds the predetermined maximum acceptable delay. Transit delay of a data packet is computed from originating and terminating node clock readings at the time of transmission and reception of the packet, respectively, adjusted for asynchrony of the two clocks.

Claims

1. In a communication system comprising a first and a second communication interface coupled by a transmission path, method of determining round-trip signal transmission delay through the path, comprising the steps of:

transmitting through the path a first signal indicating time of its transmission from the first interface to the second interface;

transmitting through the path a second signal from the second interface to the first interface in response to receipt of the first signal at the second interface, the second signal indicating the time of transmittal of the first signal; and

determining, in response to receipt of the second signal at the first interface, the difference between the time of transmittal of the first signal and the time of receipt of the second signal to obtain the round-trip transmission delay through the path.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

approximating the one-way transmission delay through the path as half of the round-trip delay.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of transmitting a second signal comprises the step of:

transmitting through the path a second signal from the second interface to the first interface, the second signal indicating the time of transmission of the first signal and the time of transmission of the second signal;

the method further comprising the steps of;

transmitting through the path a third signal from the first interface to the second interface in response to receipt of the second signal at the first interface, the third signal indicating the time of transmittal of the second signal; and

determining, in response to receipt of the third signal at the second interface, the difference between the time of transmittal of the second signal and the time of receipt of the third signal to obtain at the second interface the round-trip transmission delay through the path.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of:

approximating at the second interface the one-way transmission delay through the path as half of the round-trip delay obtained at the second interface.

5. In a communication system comprising a first and a second communication interface coupled by a transmission path, each interface including time-indicating means, method of synchronizing the time-indicating means of the first and the second interface, comprising the steps of:

transmitting through the path a first signal indicating time of its transmittal from the first interface to the second interface;

transmitting through the path a second signal from the second interface to the first interface in response to receipt of the first signal at the second interface, the second signal indicating the time of transmittal of the first signal and the time of transmittal of the second signal;

determining, in response to receipt of the second signal at the first interface, the difference between the time of transmittal of the first signal and the time of receipt of the second signal to obtain the round-trip transmission delay through the path;

determining the difference between the time of receipt of the second signal and the time of transmittal of the second signal plus half of the delay to obtain the time period of asynchrony between the time-indicating means of the first and the second interface; and

adjusting the time-indicating means of the first interface by the time period of asynchrony to synchronize the time-indicating means of the first and the second interface.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising the steps of:

transmitting through the path a third signal from the first interface to the second interface in response to receipt of the second signal at the first interface, the third signal indicating the time of transmittal of the second signal and the time of transmittal of the third signal;

determining, in response to receipt of the third signal at the second interface, the difference between the time of transmittal of the second signal and the time of receipt of the third signal to obtain at the second interface the round-trip transmission delay through the path;

determining the difference between the time of receipt of the third signal and the time of transmittal of the third signal plus half of the delay obtained at the second interface to obtain at the second interface the time period of asynchrony between the time-indicating means of the first and the second interface; and

adjusting the time-indicating means of the second interface by the time period of asynchrony obtained at the second interface to synchronize the time-indicating means of the first and the second interface.

7. In a communication system comprising a first and a second communication interface interconnected by a transmission path, method of controlling communications passing between the first and the second interface, comprising the steps of:

transmitting through the path a first signal indicating time of its transmittal from the first interface to the second interface;

transmitting through the path, in response to receipt of the first signal at the second interface, a second signal from the second interface to the first interface, the second signal indicating the time of transmittal of the first signal;

determining, in response to receipt of the second signal at the first interface, the difference between the time of transmittal of the first signal and the time of receipt of the second signal to obtain the round-trip transmission delay through the path;

comparing half of the transmission delay with a predetermined maximum acceptable one-way delay; and

ceasing further transmissions between the first and second interface over the path when the half of the transmission delay exceeds the predetermined delay.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of transmitting a second signal comprises the step of:

transmitting through the path a second signal from the second interface to the first interface, the second signal indicating the time of transmittal of the first signal and the time of transmittal of the second signal;

the method further comprising the steps of;

transmitting through the path a third signal from the first interface to the second interface in response to receipt of the second signal at the first interface, the third signal indicating the time of transmittal of the second signal;

determining, in response to receipt of the third signal at the second interface, the difference between the time of transmittal of the second signal and the time of receipt of the third signal to obtain at the second interface the round-trip transmission delay through the path;

comparing half of the transmission delay obtained at the second interface with the predetermined delay; and

ceasing further transmissions between the first and the second interface over the path when the half of the transmission delay obtained at the second interface exceeds the predetermined delay.

9. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of:

determining the difference between the time of receipt of the second signal and the time of transmittal of the second signal plus the half of the transmission delay to obtain the time period of asynchrony between means included in each of the first and the second interfaces for indicating time of transmittal and receipt of signals;

receiving at the first interface a third signal transmitted through the path by the second interface when the transmission delay does not exceed the predetermined delay, the third signal indicating the time of its transmittal;

comparing the half of the predetermined delay with the difference between the time of transmittal and the time of receipt of the third signal adjusted for the time period of asynchrony; and

discarding the third signal when the adjusted difference between the times of transmittal and receipt of the third signal exceeds the predetermined delay.

10. The method of claim 8 further comprising the steps of:

determining the difference between the time of receipt of the third signal and the time of transmittal of the third signal plus the half of the transmission delay obtained at the second interface to obtain the time period of asynchrony between means included in each of the first and the second interfaces for indicating time of transmittal and receipt of signals;

receiving at the second interface a fourth signal transmitted through the path by the first interface when the half of the transmission delay obtained at the second interface does not exceed the predetermined delay, the fourth signal indicating the time of its transmittal;

comparing the predetermined delay with the difference between the time of transmittal and the time of receipt of the fourth signal adjusted for the time period of asynchrony; and

discarding the fourth signal when the adjusted difference between the times of transmittal and receipt of the fourth signal exceeds the predetermined delay.

11. In a packet switching network that includes a first communication node having a first clock and a second communication node having a second clock, the nodes interconnected by at least one transmission path, method of controlling communications between the nodes comprising the steps of:

setting up a communication path over one of the at least one transmission path;

transmitting over the communication path a first packet from the first node to the second node, the first packet bearing a first time stamp that represents the time indicated by the first clock at transmittal of the first packet;

transmitting over the communication path a second packet from the second node to the first node in response to receipt of the first packet at the second node, the second packet bearing the first stamp and a second time stamp that represents the time indicated by the second clock at transmittal of the second packet;

determining at the first node, in response to receipt of the second packet at the first node, the time period of asynchrony between the first and second clocks as half of the sum of the first stamp and the time indicated by the first clock at receipt of the second packet, less the second stamp;

determining at the first node the one-way transmission delay through the communication path as the time indicated by the first clock at receipt of the second packet less the sum of the time period of asynchrony determined at the first node and the second stamp;

comparing the transmission delay determined at the first node with a predetermined maximum acceptable one-way delay; and

taking down the communication path when the transmission delay determined at the first node exceeds the predetermined delay.

12. The method of claim 11 further comprising the steps of:

transmitting over the communication path a third packet from the first node to the second node in response to receipt of the second packet, the third packet bearing the second time stamp and a third time stamp that represents the time indicated by the first clock at transmittal of the third packet;

determining at the second node, in response to receipt of the third packet at the first node, the time period of asynchrony between the first and second clocks as half of the sum of the second stamp and the time indicated by the second clock at receipt of the third packet, less the third stamp;

determining at the second node the one-way transmission delay through the communication path as the time indicated by the second clock at receipt of the third packet less the sum of the time period of asynchrony determined at the second node and the third stamp;

comparing the transmission delay determined at the second node with the predetermined delay; and

taking down the communication path when the transmission delay determined at the second node exceeds the predetermined delay.

13. The method of claim 11 further comprising the steps of:

transmitting over the communication path a third packet from the second node to the first node when the communication path has not been taken down, the third packet bearing a third time stamp that represents the time indicated by the second clock at transmittal of the third packet;

determining, in response to receipt of the third packet at the first node, the transmission delay of the third packet as the time indicated by the first clock at receipt of the third packet less the sum of the time period of asynchrony determined at the first node and the third stamp;

comparing the delay of the third packet with the predetermined delay; and

discarding the third packet when the delay of the third packet exceeds the predetermined delay.

14. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of:

transmitting over the communication path a fourth packet from the first node to the second node when the communication path has not been taken down, the fourth packet bearing a fourth time stamp that represents the time indicated by the first clock at transmittal of the fourth packet;

determining, in response to receipt of the fourth packet at the second node, the transmission delay of the fourth packet as the time indicated by the first clock at receipt of the fourth packet less the sum of the time period of asynchrony determined at the second node and the fourth stamp;

comparing the delay of the fourth packet with the predetermined delay; and

discarding the fourth packet when the delay of the fourth packet exceeds the predetermined delay.

15. In a communication system that includes a first and a second communication interface coupled by a transmission path, apparatus for determining round-trip signal transmission delay through the path comprising:

means associated with the first interface for transmitting through the path a first signal indicating time of its transmittal from the first interface to the second interface;

means associated with the second interface and responsive to receipt of the first signal at the second interface for transmitting through the path a second signal from the second interface to the first interface, the second signal indicating the time of transmittal of the first signal; and

first means associated with the first interface and responsive to receipt of the second signal at the first interface for determining the difference between the time of transmittal of the first signal and the time of receipt of the second signal to obtain the round-trip transmission delay.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the first means further comprise:

means for determining half of the round-trip transmission delay to obtain an approximate one-way transmission delay through the path.

17. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the transmitting means associated with the second interface further comprise:

means for transmitting the second signal such that the second signal further indicates the time of transmittal of the second signal;

wherein the transmitting means associated with the first interface further comprise;

means for transmitting through the path a third signal from the first interface to the second interface in response to receipt of the second signal at the first interface, the third signal indicating the time of transmittal of the second signal;

the apparatus further comprising;

second means associated with the second interface and responsive to receipt of the third signal at the second interface for determining the difference between the time of transmittal of the second signal and the time of receipt of the third signal to obtain the round-trip transmission delay at the second interface.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the second means further comprise:

means for determining half of the round-trip transmission delay to obtain at the second interface an approximate one-way transmission delay through the path.

19. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising:

means cooperative with the first means for comparing half of the transmission delay with a predetermined maximum acceptable one-way delay; and

means associated with the first interface and responsive to the comparing means for stopping further transmissions to the second interface over the path when the half of the transmission delay exceeds the predetermined delay.

20. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising:

means cooperative with the second means for comparing half of the transmission delay obtained at the second interface with a predetermined maximum acceptable one-way delay; and

means associated with the second interface and responsive to the comparing means for stopping further transmissions to the first interface over the path when the half of the transmission delay exceeds the predetermined delay.

21. A first communication interface for determining round-trip signal transmission delay through a transmission path of a communication system that includes the first and a like second communication interface connected by the the path, the first interface comprising:

means for transmitting through the path a first signal indicating time of its transmittal from the first interface to the second interface;

means, responsive to receipt of a second signal transmitted by the second interface to the first interface through the path upon receipt by the second interface of the first signal, the second signal indicating the time of transmittal of the first signal, for determining the difference between the time of transmittal of the first signal and the time of receipt of the second signal to obtain the round-trip transmission delay through the path.

22. The interface of claim 21 wherein the transmitting means further comprise:

means, responsive to receipt of a second signal transmitted by the second interface to the first interface through the path upon receipt by the second interface of the first signal, the second signal indicating the time of transmittal of the first signal and the time of transmittal of the second signal, for transmitting through the path to the second interface a third signal indicating the time of transmittal of the second signal.

23. The interface of claim 21 further comprising:

means cooperative with the determining means for comparing half of the transmission delay with a predetermined maximum acceptable one-way delay; and

means responsive to the comparing means for stopping further transmission to the second interface over the path when the half of the transmission delay exceeds the predetermined delay.

24. The interface of claim 21 wherein the determining means further comprise:

means for determining half of the round-trip transmission delay to obtain an approximate one-way transmission delay through the path.

25. The interface of claim 23 wherein the interface further comprises:

first time-indicating means for indicating times of transmittal and receipt of signals to the transmitting means and to the determining means, and

means, cooperative with the determining means and the first time-indicating means and responsive to receipt of a second signal transmitted by the second interface through the path upon receipt by the second interface of the first signal, the second signal indicating the time of transmittal of the first signal and the time of transmittal of the second signal, for determining the difference between the time of receipt of the second signal and the time of transmittal of the second signal plus half of the transmission delay to obtain the time period of asynchrony between the first time-indicating means and a second time-indicating means included in the second interface;

wherein the determining means further comprise;

means, cooperative with the first time-indicating means and with the means to obtain the time period of asynchrony, and responsive to receipt of a third signal transmitted through the path by the second means, when the transmission delay does not exceed the predetermined delay, the third signal indicating the time of its transmission, for determining the difference between the time of transmittal and the time of receipt of the third signal and for adjusting this difference by the time period of asynchrony to obtain the one-way transmission delay of the third signal;

wherein the comparing means further comprise;

means cooperative with the determining means for comparing the delay of the third signal with the predetermined delay; and

wherein the means for stopping further transmission further comprise;

means for discarding the third signal when the delay of the third signal exceeds the predetermined delay.

26. A second interface for determining round-trip signal transmission delay through a transmission path of a communication system that includes the second and a like first communication interface connected by the path, the second interface comprising:

means, responsive to receipt by the second interface of a first signal transmitted through the path by the first interface, the first signal indicating time of its transmittal from the first interface, for transmitting through the path to the first interface a second signal indicating the time of transmittal of the first signal and the time of transmittal of the second signal;

means, responsive to receipt by the second interface of a third signal transmitted through the path by the first interface upon receipt of the second signal, the third signal indicating the time of transmittal of the second signal, for determining the difference between the time of transmittal of the second signal and the time of receipt of the third signal to obtain the round-trip transmission delay through the path.

27. The interface of claim 26 further comprising:

means cooperative with the determining means for comparing half of the transmission delay with a predetermined maximum acceptable one-way delay; and

means responsive to the comparing means for stopping further transmission to the first interface over the path when the half of the transmission delay exceeds the predetermined delay.

28. The interface of claim 27 wherein the determining means further comprise:

means for determining half of the round-trip transmission delay to obtain an approximate one-way transmission delay through the path.

29. The interface of claim 27 wherein the interface further comprises:

second time-indicating means for indicating times of transmittal and receipt of signals to the transmitting means and to the determining means, and

means, cooperative with the determining means and the second time-indicating means, and responsive to receipt of a third signal transmitted through the path by the first interface upon receipt by the first interface of the second signal, the third signal indicating the time of transmittal of the second signal and the time of transmittal of the third signal, for determining the difference between the time of receipt of the third signal and the time of transmittal of the third signal plus half of the transmission delay to obtain the time period of asynchrony between the second time-indicating means and a first time-indicating means included in the first interface;

wherein the determining means further comprise;

means, cooperative with the second time-indicating means and with the means to obtain the time period of asynchrony, and responsive to receipt of a fourth signal transmitted through the path by the first means, when the transmission delay does not exceed the predetermined delay, the fourth signal indicating the time of its transmission, for determining the difference between the time of transmittal and the time of receipt of the fourth signal and for adjusting this difference by the time period of asynchrony to obtain the one-way transmission delay of the fourth signal;

wherein the comparing means further comprise;

means cooperative with the determining means for comparing the delay of the fourth signal with the predetermined delay; and

wherein the means for stopping further transmission further comprise;

means for discarding the fourth signal when the delay of the fourth signal exceeds the predetermined delay.