Confusion grouping of strokes in pattern recognition method and system
DCFirst Claim
1. A method for identifying patterns by means of a pattern registration means and a data processing means, wherein each pattern comprises at least one unknown stroke generated by relative movement between a pattern-forming means and a pattern-accommodating means of said pattern registration means, said pattern registration means being operative to generate first signal information represented by first signals, said first signal information being representative of stroke information about said unknown stroke, said data processing means being provided with prestored second signal information represented by second signals, said second signal information including templates corresponding to template strokes, said data processing means being operative to generate third signals representing third signal information in response to said first signals and said second signals, said third signal information comprising identity labels for use in developing coded information which identifies said patterns, said method comprising:
- defining templates from said second signal information wherein at least one of said templates is a confusion group template, each said confusion group template being derived from information about at least two of said template strokes;
generating distance metric values representative of closeness of stroke shape between said first signal information and said second signal information for at least each one of said confusion group templates; and
determining from said distance metric values which of said confusion group templates or which of said stroke templates yields the least of said distance metric values to obtain an identity label for said unknown stroke by ignoring decision criteria for distinguishing between selected template strokes whenever said selected template strokes are included in a common one of said confusion group templates.
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Abstract
A method and system for recognizing complex patterns, such as Chinese characters (Kanji), which may employ detailed information about an element and specifically curvature characteristics. Selected elements or strokes are grouped into confusion groups. Strokes under examination are categorized and assigned either stroke identity labels or confusion group identity labels by a flexible comparison of distance metrics generated with reference to templates which represent general recognition criteria or groupings of specific strokes. Specific threshold criteria are applied to distance metrics.
80 Citations
17 Claims
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1. A method for identifying patterns by means of a pattern registration means and a data processing means, wherein each pattern comprises at least one unknown stroke generated by relative movement between a pattern-forming means and a pattern-accommodating means of said pattern registration means, said pattern registration means being operative to generate first signal information represented by first signals, said first signal information being representative of stroke information about said unknown stroke, said data processing means being provided with prestored second signal information represented by second signals, said second signal information including templates corresponding to template strokes, said data processing means being operative to generate third signals representing third signal information in response to said first signals and said second signals, said third signal information comprising identity labels for use in developing coded information which identifies said patterns, said method comprising:
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defining templates from said second signal information wherein at least one of said templates is a confusion group template, each said confusion group template being derived from information about at least two of said template strokes; generating distance metric values representative of closeness of stroke shape between said first signal information and said second signal information for at least each one of said confusion group templates; and determining from said distance metric values which of said confusion group templates or which of said stroke templates yields the least of said distance metric values to obtain an identity label for said unknown stroke by ignoring decision criteria for distinguishing between selected template strokes whenever said selected template strokes are included in a common one of said confusion group templates. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. A method for identifying patterns by means of a pattern registration means and a data processing means, wherein each pattern comprises at least one unknown stroke generated by relative movement between a pattern-forming means and a pattern-accommodating means of said pattern registration means, said pattern registration means being operative to generate first signal information represented by first signals, said first signal information being representative of stroke information about said unknown stroke, said data processing means being provided with prestored second signal information represented by second signals, said second signal information including templates corresponding to template strokes, said data processing means being operative to generate third signals representing third signal information in response to said first signals and said second signals, said third signal information comprising identity labels for use in developing coded information which identifies said patterns, said method comprising:
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defining templates from said second signal information wherein at least one of said templates is a confusion group template, each said confusion group template being derived from information about at least two of said template strokes; generating distance metric values representative of closeness of stroke shape between said first signal information and said second signal information for at least each one of said confusion group templates; comparing said distance metric values of said unknown stroke for at least each confusion group template with an upper decision threshold value, with a lower decision threshold value and with a difference decision threshold value; and assigning a unique identity label corresponding to the template yielding the least distance metric value to the unknown stroke if the least distance metric value is less than the upper decision threshold value and if the next least distance metric value is greater than the sum of the least distance metric value and the difference decision threshold value. - View Dependent Claims (8)
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9. A method for identifying patterns by means of a pattern registration means and a data processing means, wherein each pattern comprises at least one unknown stroke generated by relative movement between a pattern-forming means and a pattern-accommodating means of said pattern registration means, said pattern registration means being operative to generate first signal information represented by first signals, said first signal information being representative of stroke information about said unknown stroke, said data processing means being provided with prestored second signal information represented by second signals, said second signal information including templates corresponding to template strokes, said data processing means being operative to generate third signals representing third signal information in response to said first signals and said second signals, said third signal information comprising identity labels for use in developing coded information which identifies said patterns, said method comprising:
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defining templates from said second signal information, wherein at least one of said templates is a confusion group template consisting of at least two template strokes, each said template stroke comprising a set of position values specifying position along a stroke and a set of deviation values specifying permissible deviation from said position values; and comparing said first signal information for best match with said second signal information to obtain an identity label for said second signal information.
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10. In an apparatus for identifying patterns by means of a pattern registration means and a data processing means, wherein each pattern comprises at least one unknown stroke generated by relative sequential movement between a pattern-forming means and a pattern-accommodating means of said pattern registration means, said pattern registration means being operative to generate first signal information represented by first signals, said first signal information being representative of stroke information about said unknown stroke, said data processing means being provided with prestored second signal information represented by second signals, said second signal information including templates corresponding to template strokes, said data processing means being operative to generate third signals representing third signal information in response to said first signals and said second signals, said third signal information comprising identity labels for use in developing coded information which identifies said patterns, the improvement comprising:
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means for storing said second signal information defining templates wherein at least one of said templates is a confusion group template, each said confusion group template being derived from information about at least two of said template strokes; means for generating distance metric values representative of closeness of stroke shape between said first signal information and said second signal information for at least each one of said confusion group templates; and means for determining from said distance metric values which of said confusion group templates or which of said stroke templates yields the least of said distance metric values to obtain an identity label for said unknown stroke by ignoring decision criteria for distinguishing between selected template strokes whenever said selected template strokes are included in a common one of said confusion group templates. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. In an apparatus for identifying patterns by means of a pattern registration means and a data processing means, wherein each pattern comprises at least one unknown stroke generated by relative movement between a pattern-forming means and a pattern-accommodating means of said pattern registration means, said pattern registration means being operative to generate first signal information represented by first signals, said first signal information being representative of stroke information about said unknown stroke, said data processing means being provided with prestored second signal information represented by second signals, said second signal information including templates corresponding to template strokes, said data processing means being operative to generate third signals representing third signal information in response to said first signals and said second signals, said third signal information comprising identity labels for use in developing coded information which identifies said patterns, the improvement comprising:
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means for storing said second signal information defining templates wherein at least one of said templates is a confusion group template, each said confusion group template being derived from information about at least two of said template strokes; means for generating distance metric values representative of closeness of stroke shape between said first signal information and said second signal information for at least each one of said confusion group templates; and means for determining from said distance metric values which of said confusion group templates or which of said stroke templates yields the least of said distance metric values to obtain an identity label for said unknown stroke by ignoring decision criteria for distinguishing between selected template strokes whenever said selected template strokes are included in a common one of said confusion group template; wherein said determining means includes; (1) means for comparing said distance metric values of said unknown stroke for at least each confusion group template with an upper decision threshold value, with a lower decision threshold value and with a difference decision threshold value; and (2) means for assigning a unique identity label to said unknown stroke, said identity label corresponding to the one of said templates yielding said distance metric value which is least if said least distance metric value is less than the upper decision threshold value and if the next least distance metric value is greater than the sum of the least distance metric value and the difference decision threshold value.
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Specification