Device having photoresponsive electrode for determining analytes including ligands and antibodies
First Claim
1. A photoresponsive device for making at different sites a plurality of determinations of a substance capable of modulating an electrical signal resulting from irradiation of a photoresponsive element, said device comprising:
- a photoresponsive element having an irradiation receiving surface;
irradiation means for irradiating at least two sites on said irradiation receiving surface to provide distinguishable signals;
means for polarizing said photoresponsive element, said polarizing means connected to said photoresponsive element; and
means for retaining media in which said substance is to be determined in photoresponsive modulating relationship to at least two sites; and
means for measuring the potential of said polarizing means during irradiation of a site.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
Photoresponsive devices, including a photoresponsive electrode, are provided and methods for their use to measure changes in environment at a site at or about the surface of the photoresponsive device. By employing a source of light for irradiating a site on the surface and means for biasing the photoresponsive electrode in relation to a counterelectrode, a variation in electrical signal can be related to a change in a medium in photoresponsive modulation relationship to the photoresponsive electrode surface.
221 Citations
38 Claims
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1. A photoresponsive device for making at different sites a plurality of determinations of a substance capable of modulating an electrical signal resulting from irradiation of a photoresponsive element, said device comprising:
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a photoresponsive element having an irradiation receiving surface; irradiation means for irradiating at least two sites on said irradiation receiving surface to provide distinguishable signals; means for polarizing said photoresponsive element, said polarizing means connected to said photoresponsive element; and means for retaining media in which said substance is to be determined in photoresponsive modulating relationship to at least two sites; and means for measuring the potential of said polarizing means during irradiation of a site. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A photoresponsive device for making a plurality of determinations of a substance in each of selected volumes, said substance being capable of modulating the electrical response resulting from irradiation at each of a plurality of sites related to each of said volumes, said sites being at the surface of a photoresponsive semiconductor, said device comprising:
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a photoresponsive monolithic semiconductor element electrode having an irradiation receiving surface; irradiating means for irradiating a plurality of said sites with light of energy of at least about the band gap energy of said element; a counterelectrode; polarizing means for polarizing said photoresponsive monolithic semiconductor element electrode in relation to said counterelectrode; means for maintaining said photoresponsive monolithic semiconductor element electrode and said counterelectrode in electrically communicating relationship through an electrically responsive medium; means for maintaining at least a portion of said electrically responsive medium in photoresponsive modulating relationship at each of said sites; and means connected to said counterelectrode and photoresponsive monolithic semiconductor element electrode for determining changes in polarization between said counterelectrode and photoresponsive monolithic semiconductor element electrode as a result of differences between said electrically responsive medium at a one of said sites and relating said change in polarization to the presence of said substance. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A method for substantially simultaneously determining a substance in a plurality of volumes of an electrically responsive medium, employing a photoresponsive element having a common lead through an electrical circuit to a counterelectrode, wherein said substance is capable of modulating the photoresponse of said photoresponsive element;
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said method comprising; directing said medium into photoresponsive modulating relationship with a photoresponsive surface of said photoresponsive element; maintaining electrical communication between said photoresponsive element and said counterelectrode through an electrically responsive fluid or gel; irradiating said surface at a plurality of sites in relation to individual volumes at different times in a predetermined sequence for short periods of time at each of said sites; determining by means of said circuit the presence of said substance in each of said volumes by the effect of said substance on the electrical signal resulting from said irradiation. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. A method for determining the presence of an analyte in a sample which is a member of a first specific binding pair consisting of ligand and receptor, said method employing:
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(a) a photoresponsive electrode having an irradiation surface; (b) a counterelectrode; (c) an electrical circuit connecting said photoresponsive electrode and counterelectrode and maintaining said electrodes in a predetermined potential relationship; (d) a binding surface for binding a member of a specific binding pair, which surface is said irradiation surface or a facing surface in close spaced apart juxtaposition to said irradiation surface; and (e) specific binding means for specifically binding one of said members of said first specific binding pair to said binding surface; said method comprising; combining assay components with said specific binding means, said assay components including a sample, a labeled specific binding pair member, which labeled specific binding pair member is a member of said first pair or capable of binding to, either directly or indirectly, a member of said first pair, wherein said label is a member of a system capable of modulating the electrical photoresponse of said photoresponsive electrode, and any additional members of said system; irradiating a plurality of sites on said irradiation surface in relation to individual volumes of said combined components at different times in accordance with a predetermined schedule; and determining the electrical photoresponse as modulated by said system by means of said circuit as indicative of the presence of said analyte in said sample. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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34. A method for determining the presence of an enzyme substrate in a medium, wherein said enzyme substrate is a component of a system capable of modulating the electrical photoresponse of a photoresponsive electrode, said method employing:
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(a) a photoresponsive semiconductor electrode having an irradiation surface; (b) at least one counterelectrode; (c) an electrical circuit connecting said photoresponsive semiconductor electrode and counterelectrode and maintaining said photoresponsive semiconductor electrode and counterelectrode in a predetermined potential relationship; (d) a binding surface for binding said enzyme at a plurality of sites; said method conprising; contacting said enzyme at each of said sites with an aqueous medium containing said substrate and any additional components necessary for the enzymatic catalyzed reaction; irradiating said sites on said irradiation surface at different times in accordance with a predetermined schedule; and determining the electrical photoresponse as modulated by said system by means of said circuit as a measure of the amount of said substrate present. - View Dependent Claims (35, 36)
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37. A method for determining the presence of one or more microorganisms in a medium, said method employing:
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(a) a photoresponsive electrode having an irradiation surface; (b) at least one counterelectrode; (c) an electrical circuit connecting said photoresponsive electrode and counterelectrode and maintaining said photoresponsive electrode and counterelectrode in a predetermined potential relationship; said method comprising; contacting said medium at each of said sites under conditions where said microorganism remains viable and produces at least one metabolic product capable of modulating the photoresponse of said photoresponsive electrode; irradiating said sites on said irradiation surface at different times in accordance with a predetermined schedule; and determining the electrical photoresponse as modulated by said metabolic products by means of said circuit as an indication of the presence of a microorganism. - View Dependent Claims (38)
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Specification