Method and an apparatus for coding/decoding telewriting signals

• US 4,597,101 A
• Filed: 06/28/1983
• Issued: 06/24/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/1982
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
• Original Assignee: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
• Inventors: Sato, Yuichi, Kamae, Takahiko, Kishimoto, Tomio
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mancuso, Joseph
• Application Number:
  US06/508,900
• Time in Patent Office: 1,092 Days
• Field of Search: 382/13, 382/21, 382/3, 382/59, 382/60, 178/18, 178/19, 178/20, 364/900 MS File, 364/520, 364/521, 358/260, 358/261, 358/263, 250/203 R
• US Class Current: 382/253
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/033 Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user , e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor digitisers characterised by the transducing means G06F3/041
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/347 Sampling; Contour coding; Stroke extraction

Abstract

A difference vector indicating movement of a pen between two adjacent sampled points is divided into macro movement and micro movement components. The macro and micro components are coded independently of each other so as to provide effective coding. In the case of coding the difference vector, the magnitude of the difference vector is coded in accordance with the types of zones (zone number k) and relative pel address within the zone. In order to improve the coding efficiency, a zone number difference is used instead of the zone number. Furthermore, the direction of the difference vector is expressed by a quadrant which includes this difference vector. In order to further improve the coding efficiency, a quadrant number difference is used instead of the quadrant number.

Claims

1. A machine method for coding a line drawing, comprising the steps of:

inputting a series of coordinate signals indicating the line drawing;

subtracting every two adjacent coordinate signals among said series of coordinate signals from each other so as to obtain a series of difference vector signals;

determining to which one of a plurality of predetermined zones each of said series of difference vector signals belongs;

determining relative pel positions of said series of difference vector signals in the determined zone; and

coding said determined zone and said relative pel positions within said determined zone independently of each other.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of zones are represented by a plurality of quadrants for classifying a direction component of each difference vector signal and by a plurality of areas solely determined by an absolute value component of the difference vector signal for classifying a magnitude of the difference vector signal.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said plurality of quadrants comprise four quadrants obtained by dividing an X-Y coordinate plane by lines y=0 and x=0 when an x-direction component and a y-direction component of the difference vector signal are plotted along the X- and Y-axes, respectively.

4. A method according to claim 2, wherein said plurality of quadrants comprise four quadrants obtained by dividing the X-Y coordinate plane by lines y=x and y=-x when an x-direction component and a y-direction component of the difference vector signal are plotted along the X- and Y-axes, respectively.

5. A method according to claim 2, wherein said plurality of quadrants comprise eight octants obtained by dividing an X-Y coordinate plane by lines x=0, y=0, y=x and y=-x when an x-direction component and a y-direction component of the difference vector signal are plotted along the X- and Y-axes, respectively.

6. A method according to claim 2, wherein said plurality of quadrants are numbered, a sign component of the difference vector signal is used to determine a quadrant number of one of said plurality of quadrants which includes the difference vector signal, and a selected quadrant number is coded.

7. A method according to claim 2, wherein said plurality of quadrants are numbered, a sign component of the difference vector signal is used to determine a quadrant number of one of said plurality of quadrants which includes the difference vector signal, respectively, and a difference between the quadrant numbers of two adjacent different vector signals is coded to form a variable-length quadrant number difference code.

8. A method according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of predetermined zones are set such that a given zone thereof increases in size in accordance with an increase in an absolute value component of each difference vector signal included in the given zone.

9. A method according to claim 2, wherein said plurality of predetermined zones are set such that a width of a given zone thereof increases in proportion to a power of two in accordance with an increase in the absolute value component of the difference vector signal included in the given zone, and wherein said plurality of predetermined zones are numbered and variable-length codes are assigned thereto beforehand.

10. A method according to claim 2, wherein each of said plurality of zones has a square shape a length of one side of which is increased in proportion to a power of two, and each of said plurality of zones has a zone number.

11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the absolute value component of the difference vector signal which excludes a sign component are used to calculate a zone number of a given zone including the difference vector signal, and the zone number is coded to form a variable-length zone number code.

12. A method according to claim 10, wherein the absolute value component of the difference vector signals which excludes a sign component is used to calculate a zone number of a given zone including the difference vector signal, a difference between the zone numbers of two adjacent difference vector signals is obtained, and an obtained zone number difference is coded to form a variable-length zone number difference code.

13. A method according to claim 2, wherein each of said plurality of zones has at least one unit area having a predetermined size, a relative position of the difference vector signal in a first zone among said plurality of zones is designated by an area address assigned to each of said plurality of unit areas and a local address assigned to a relative pel position within the unit area when said first zone has said plurality of unit areas, and a relative position of the difference vector signal in a second zone among said plurality of zones is designated only by the local address when said second zone has only one of said unit areas.

14. A method according to claim 13, wherein

a kth zone Z(k) among said plurality of zones is set to have said unit areas numbering 3×

(2^k-1)² each having a side of length h, and a zone number Z_i of the kth zone Z(k) is given as follows;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Z.sub.i =[log.sub.2 ([max(|Δ

X.sub.i |,|Δ

Y.sub.i |)/h]+1)]

where |Δ

x_i | and |Δ

y_i | and the x and y absolute value components of the difference vector signal, [a] is the Gaussian integer notation for indicating a maximum integer of not more than a, and [a] is the Gaussian integer notation for indicating a minimum integer of not larger than a,

the area address A_i is designated by a coordinate point (Ax_i, Ay_i) calculated in units of said unit areas along the x- and y-directions so as to define the components Ax_i and Ay_i as follows;

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Ax.sub.i =[|x.sub.i |/h]

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">Ay.sub.i =[|Y.sub.i |/h], and

the local address L_i is designated by a coordinate point (Lx_i, Ly_i) calculated in units of said relative pel addresses along the x- and y-directions so as to define the components Lx_i and Ly_i as follows;

##EQU11##

15. A method according to claim 14, wherein a zone number of each of said plurality of zones is assigned a variable-length code, the area address is assigned a binary code whose bit length varies in accordance with a size of the zone, and the local address is assigned a fixed-length binary code having a bit length of [log₂ h].

16. A method according to claim 12, wherein

the side of the square of the kth zone is given as W.sup.(k) as follows:

##EQU12## where h is a width of the zone for k=1 and [ ] is the Gaussian integer notation,

the zone number k is set using inequalities (b) below in accordance with the magnitude of the absolute value component of the difference vector signal;

##EQU13## the zone number k_i is calculated from absolute values (|Δ

x_i |, |Δ

y_i |) of the difference vector signal in accordance with the equations (a) and inequalities (b),

the difference Δ

k_i =k_i -k_i-1 between the zone numbers k_i and k_i-1 of two adjacent difference vector signals is calculated, and

the relative pel address B_i in the zone containing the difference vector signal is calculated by equations (c) and (d) below;

##EQU14##

17. An apparatus for coding a line drawing, comprising:

an input terminal for receiving a series of coordinate signals indicating the line drawing;

a differentiator for subtracting every two adjacent coordinate signals among said series of coordinate signals from each other so as to produce a series of difference vector signals;

a quadrant circuit for determining a quadrant number of a quadrant of each of said series of difference vector signals;

a quadrant differentiator for subtracting the quadrant numbers of the two adjacent difference vector signals from each other so as to produce a series of quadrant number difference signals;

a zone circuit for sequentially determining a plurality of zones which include said series of difference vector signals in accordance with absolute values thereof;

an area address circuit for sequentially determining unit areas which include said series of difference vector signals, said unit areas constituting said plurality of zones;

a local address circuit for sequentially determining relative pel addresses which correspond to said series of difference vector signals; and

an encoder for encoding the quadrant number difference signal, a zone number signal, an area address indicating the unit area corresponding thereto, and a local address indicating the relative pel address corresponding thereto.

18. An apparatus for coding a line drawing, comprising:

an input terminal for receiving a series of coordinate signals indicating the line drawing;

a differentiator for subtracting every two adjacent coordinate signals among said series of coordinate signals from each other so as to produce a series of difference vector signals;

a quadrant circuit for determining a quadrant number of a quadrant of each of said series of difference vector signals;

a quadrant differentiator for subtracting the quadrant numbers of the two adjacent difference vector signals from each other so as to produce a series of quadrant number difference signals;

a zone circuit for sequentially determining a plurality of zones which include said series of difference vector signals in accordance with absolute values thereof;

a zone number differentiator for calculating a difference between the zone numbers of said zones which include the two adjacent difference vector signals so as to obtain a series of zone number difference signal;

a circuit for generating relative addresses of the difference vector signals in the zone; and

an encoder for encoding the quadrant number difference signal, the zone number difference signal and the relative address in the zone.