Power supply equipment backup system for interruption of service

• US 4,604,530 A
• Filed: 08/15/1984
• Issued: 08/05/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 08/16/1983
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha
• Inventors: Shibuya, Tadao
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jennings, Derek S.
• Application Number:
  US06/641,000
• Time in Patent Office: 720 Days
• Field of Search: 307/44-46, 307/48, 307/52, 307/60, 307/64, 307/66, 307/87, 323/246
• US Class Current: 307/66
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/062 for AC powered loads

Abstract

A commercial AC source is connected to a load through the main line (1) via an AC switch (1a) only when the AC source is normal, and an inverter power source (10) is connected to the load through the auxiliary line (2) whether the AC source is normal or abnormal. In the case when the AC source changes from abnormal to normal, since the AC source is connected to the main line (1) after the inverter phase has matched the AC source phase, substantially no effective power is transmitted from the main line to the auxiliary line or vice versa, while a required power is being supplied from the AC source to the load (not from the inverter). Further, since an inverter inductor (L_i) and a main line inductor (L_l) are connected in the main and auxiliary lines, respectively, even if the AC source voltage fluctuates, it is possible to regulate the load voltage at a constant level by virtue of an inverter current flowing from the AC source to the inverter source or vice versa. Furthermore, it is also possible to charge an inverter battery by reducing inverter frequency a little lower than that of the AC source.

Claims

1. A power supply equipment backup system for interruption of service for supplying power from a commercial AC power source to a device load through a main power supply line (1) and from a battery DC source (B) to the device load through an auxiliary power supply line (2) connected in parallel with the main power supply line in relation to ground, which comprises:

(a) an AC switch (1a) connected to the commercial AC power source;

(b) a commercial AC power source mointoring means (20) connected to the commercial AC power source for outputting a power-on signal A to said AC switch (1a) for activating said AC switch (1a) to supply the commercial AC power source to the device load through the main power supply line when the commercial AC power source changes to a normal condition;

(c) power inverter means (10) having an inductor (L_i) and connected between the battery DC power source (B) and the device load for supplying an inverter power source to the device load through the auxiliary power supply line whenever the commercial AC power source is abnormal or normal;

(d) basic inverter frequency presetting means (30) for outputting a triangular wave signal to determine an inverter frequency substantially equal to said commercial AC power source frequency on the basis of a preset inverter frequency value (fo);

(e) basic inverter voltage presetting means (40) connected to an output terminal of said inverter means (10) for outputting a DC voltage signal to determine an inverter voltage substantially equal to said commercial AC power source voltage on the basis of a preset inverter voltage value (V_o);

(f) inverter controlling means (50) connected to said inverter frequency presetting means (30) and said inverter voltage presetting means (40) for comparing the triangular wave signal with the DC voltage signal in voltage level and for outputting inverter control signals to said inverter means (10), inverter frequency being determined by the triangular wave signal frequency, and further inverter voltage being determined by time intervals during which the triangular wave signal exceeds the DC voltage signal in voltage level,

(g) a main power supply line inductor (L_l) connected between said AC switch (1a) and the device load with an output terminal of said inverter means (10) connected to a junction point between said inductor (L_l) and the device load;

(h) phase matching means (60) including phase difference detecting means connected between the commercial AC power source and said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30) and connected by a feedback loop from said inverter controlling means (50), said phase matching means detecting a phase difference between the commercial AC power source and the inverter power source, outputting a phase difference signal to said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30) to adjust the inverter power source frquency (fi) to the commercial AC power source frequency (fc), and outputting a phase match signal B to said commercial AC power source monitoring means (20) for allowing said monitoring means (20) to output a power-supply signal C to said AC switch (1a) to supply the commercial AC power source to the device load when the inverter power source has matched the commercial AC power source in phase, said phase matching means (60) being connected to said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30) in response to the power-on signal A and disconnected from said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30) in response to the phase match signal B; and

(i) a battery charging power presetting means (70) connected between the output terminal of said inverter means (10) and said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30), said battery charging power presetting means (70) reducing inverter frequency (fi) to supply a battery charging power from the main power supply line (1) to the auxiliary power supply line (2) by passing a charging current from the commercial AC power source to the battery through said inverter means (10) in dependence upon a small phase difference between the commercial AC power source and the inverter power source caused by a small frequency difference between the two, said battery charging power presetting means (70) being connected to said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30) in response to the power-supply signal C outputted from said commercial AC power source monitoring means (20) when the commercial AC power source changes to the normal condition.

2. The power supply equipment backup system for interruption of service as set forth in claim 1, wherein said AC switch (1a) comprises a plurality of thyristors.

3. The power supply equipment backup system for interruption of service as set forth in claim 1, wherein said commercial AC power source monitoring means (20) comprises a relay activated in response to the commercial AC power source voltage.

4. The power supply equipment backup system for interruption of service as set forth in claim 1, wherein said power inverter means (10) comprises:

(a) an inverter circuit (10a) including a plurality of semiconductor switching elements and a plurality of diodes each of which is connected reversely in parallel with each of said semiconductor switching elements for allowing a reverse current to pass from the inverter output terminal to the battery B;

(b) an inverter matching transformer (Tr) connected to said inverter circuit (10a) for matching inverter output inpedance with device load impedance for facilitating power transmission between the commercial AC power source and said inverter means; and

(c) a filtering circuit including an inverter inductance (L_i) and an inverter capacitor (C), said filtering circuit converting a pulse inverter power source output signal into a sine-wave inverter power source output signal corresponding to a wave form of the commercial AC power source.

5. The power supply equipment backup system for interruption of service as set forth in claim 1, wherein said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30) comprises:

(a) a basic inverter frequency presetting device (31) for presetting a basic inverter frequency in a form of DC voltage level;

(b) an inverter frequency adder (32) connected to said basic inverter frequency presetting device (31) for adding the basic inverter frequency voltage level (fo) and another inverter frequency adjusting voltage level (Δ

f) and outputting a DC voltage difference signal indicative of the difference (f-Δ

f) between the two;

(c) a voltage controlled oscillator (33) connected to said inverter frequency adder for outputting an oscillation signal, the frequency of the oscillation signal being proportional to the DC voltage difference signal (f-Δ

f); and

(d) a triangular-wave signal generator (34) connected to said voltage controlled oscillator (33) for outputting a triangular wave signal having a frequency corresponding to an oscillation signal frequency, the triangular wave signal being applied to said inverter controlling means (50).

6. The power supply equipment backup system for interruption of service as set forth in claim 1, wherein said basic inverter voltage presetting means (40) comprises:

(a) a voltage detector (41) connected to the output terminal of said inverter means (10) for detecting an inverter source output voltage or a device load voltage (V_d);

(b) a basic inverter voltage presetting device (42) for presetting a basic inverter voltage (V_o) in a form of DC voltage level; and

(c) an inverter voltage adder (43) connected to said voltage detector (41) and said basic inverter voltage presetting device (42) for adding the device load voltage (V_d) and the basic inverter voltage (V_o) and outputting a voltage difference signal (V_d -V_o) between the two, the voltage difference signal (V_d -V_o) being applied to said inverter controlling means (50).

7. The power supply equipment backup system for interruption of service as set forth in claim 1, wherein said inverter controlling means (50) comprises:

(a) an inverter voltage-frequency comparator (51) connected to said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30) and said basic inverter voltage presetting means (40) for comparing the triangular wave signal indicative of inverter frequency (f) with the voltage difference signal (V) indicative of inverter voltage (V_d -V_o) and outputting inverter timing signals at each point of intersections between the triangular wave signal and the voltage difference signal in voltage level; and

(b) an inverter controller (52) connected to said inverter voltage-frequency comparator (51) for outputting inverter activating signals to said inverter means (10) so that said inverter operates at a frequency corresponding to that of the triangular wave signal and at an effective voltage determined by the pulse width obtained in response to the inverter timing signals and in accordance with a pulse width modulation method.

8. The power supply equipment backup system for interruption of services as set forth in claim 1, wherein said phase matching means (60) comprises:

(a) a voltage transformer (VT₂) directly connected to the commercial AC power source;

(b) a phase difference detector (61) including a phase locking loop circuit and connected to said voltage transformer (VT₂) and said inverter controlling means (50) for outputting a positive phase difference pulse signal when an inverter control signal frequency (fi) is higher than said commercial AC power source frequency (fc) and a negative phase difference pulse signal when said commercial AC source frequency (fc) is higher than an inverter control signal frequency (fi) and smoothing the phase difference pulse signal (Δ

f=fi-fc) into a voltage level corresponding thereto, said phase difference detector (61) outputting a phase match signal B when the inverter source matches the commercial AC power source in phase; and

(c) a phase switch (62) connected between said phase difference detector (61) and said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30) for transmitting the phase difference signal (Δ

f) to said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30), said switch (62) being closed in response to the power-on signal A outputted from said commercial AC source monitoring means (20) and opened in response to the phase-match signal B outputted from said phase difference detector (61).

9. The power supply equipment backup system for interruption of service as set forth in claim 1, wherein said battery charging power presetting means (70) comprises:

(a) a current transformer (CT) connected to the output terminal of said power inverter (10);

(b) a voltage transformer (VT₁) also connected to the output terminal of said power inverter (10);

(c) a power detector (71) connected to said current transformer (CT) and said voltage transformer (VT₁) for detecting a power (P₁) supplied from the main power supply line (1) to the auxiliary power supply line (2) in a form of DC voltage level;

(d) a battery charging power presetting device (72) for presetting a desired battery charging power (P_s) in a form of DC voltage level;

(e) a battery charging power adder (73) connected to said power detector (71) and said battery charging power presetting device (72) for adding the detected power (P_i) and the preset power (P_s) and outputting a power difference signal (P_s -P_i) between the two; and

(f) a power switch (75) connected between said battery charging power adder (73) and said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30) for transmitting the power difference signal (Δ

f=P_s -P_i) to said basic inverter frequency presetting means (30), said power switch (75) being closed in response to the power-on signal A outputted from said commercial AC power source monitoring means (20).

10. A method of supplying power from a commercial AC power source to a device load through a main power supply line (1) and from a power inverter (10) including a battery DC power source (B) to the device load through an auxiliary power supply line (2) connected in parallel with the main power supply line in relation to ground, which comprises the following steps of:

(a) presetting a basic inverter frequency (fo) substantially near a frequency of the commercial AC power source;

(b) presetting a basic inverter voltage (V_o) substantially near a voltage of the commercial AC power source;

(c) activating the power inverter connected in the auxiliary power supply line (2) at the present basic frequency and voltage to supply the battery DC power source to the device load through the power inverter;

(d) detecting whether the commercial AC power source is normal or abnormal;

(e) when the commercial AC power source changes from abnormal to normal, detecting a phase difference between the commercial AC power source and inverter power source;

(f) matching the inverter power source phase with the commercial AC power source phase in dependence upon the detected phase difference;

(g) connecting the commercial AC power source to the device load when the inverter power source matches the commercial AC power source in phase to prevent power from being substantially transmitted between the main power supply line and the auxiliary power supply line, to supply an effective power required for the load from the commercial AC power source to the load and to regulate the device load voltage at a constant level;

(h) if the commercial AC power supply source is abnormal, disconnecting the commercial AC power source from the device load in the main power supply line (1);

(i) if the commercial AC power supply source is normal, connecting the commercial AC power source to the device load in the main power supply line (1) to supply the commercial AC power source in addition to the battery DC power source supplied through the power inverter in the auxiliary power supply line (2);

(j) presetting a desired battery charging power P_s in a form of voltage;

(k) reducing power inverter frequency fo to lower than that of the commercial AC power source in dependence upon the preset battery charging power P_s ; and

(l) activating the power inverter at a reduced frequency to supply power from the main power supply line (1) to the auxiliary power supply line (2) for charging the battery DC power source through the power inverter.

11. The method of supplying power as set forth in claim 10, wherein the step of activating the power inverter at the basic inverter frequency (fo) comprises the following steps of:

(a) presetting a voltage level corresponding to a basic inverter frequency (fo);

(b) generating an oscillation signal whose frequency is proportional to the preset voltage level;

(c) generating a triangular wave signal whose frequency is equal to the oscillation signal frequency; and

(d) activating the power inverter in response to the triangular wave signal.

12. The method of supplying power as set forth in claim 10, wherein the step of activating the power inverter at the basic inverter voltage comprises the following steps of:

(a) detecting a load voltage (V_d) at a point between the power inverter and the device load;

(b) presetting a voltage level corresponding to a basic inverter voltage (V_o);

(c) adding the detected load voltage (V_d) and the preset voltage (V_o) and outputting a voltage difference signal (V_d -V_o);

(d) comparing the triangular wave signal indicative of inverter frequency (f) with the voltage difference signal indicative of inverter voltage (V_d -V_o);

(e) outputting inverter timing signals at each point of intersections between the triangular wave signal and the voltage difference signal in voltage level; and

(f) outputting inverter activating signals to the power inverter at an effective voltage determined by the pulse width obtained in response to the timing signals and in accordance with pulse width modulation method.

13. The method of supplying power as set forth in claim 10, wherein the step of detecting a phase difference between the commercial AC power source and the power inverter power source comprises the following steps of:

(a) outputting a positive phase difference pulse signal when the inverter frequency (fi) is higher than the commercial AC power source frequency (fc) and a negative phase difference pulse signal when the commercial AC source frequency (fc) is higher than the inverter frequency (fi); and

(b) smoothing the phase difference signal (Δ

f=fi-fc) into a DC voltage level.

14. The method of supplying power as set forth in claim 12, wherein the step of matching the inverter power source phase with the commercial AC power source phase comprises the following steps of:

(a) adding the phase difference (Δ

f=fi-fc) between the commercial AC power source frequency (fc) and the inverter power source frequency (fi) to the basic inverter frequency (fo) in voltage level and outputting a phase difference DC voltage signal corresponding thereto, and

(b) adjusting inverter power source frequency in response to the phase difference DC voltage signal in such a way that inverter frequency (fi) is decreased when the phase difference signal is positive and increased when the phase difference signal is negative.

15. The method of supplying power as set forth in claim 10, wherein the step of reducing the power inverter frequency comprises the following steps of:

(a) detecting an inverter power (P_i) at power inverter output in a form of voltage;

(b) comparing the detected inverter power (P_i) with the preset battery charging power (P_s) in voltage level and outputting a power difference signal (Δ

f=P_s -P_i); and

(c) adding the power difference signal (Δ

f) to the basic inverter frequency (fo) and outputting a frequency reducing signal (fo-Δ

f);

(d) generating an oscillation signal whose frequency is proportional to the frequency reducing signal; and

(e) generating a triangular wave signal whose frequency is equal to the oscillation signal.