Cyclotron resonance maser system with microwave output window and coupling apparatus
First Claim
1. A cyclotron resonance maser system comprising:
- an assembly of components disposed successively along a common axis and including successively and coaxially an annular source of electrons, tunnel means for defining a beam tunnel symmetrically disposed about said axis, interaction means for defining an electron-microwave interaction region symmetrically disposed about said axis, a first coaxial waveguide coupled to said interaction means, and an annular collector of electrons,means for forming electrons from said source into an annular beam of electrons having substantial energy transverse of said beam and directing said beam of electrons successively through said beam tunnel, said interaction region and said coaxial waveguide to said collector,a second coaxial waveguide coaxial with and surrounded by said first coaxial waveguide and extending coaxially through said electron collector, andsymmetric coaxial coupling means for coupling microwave energy between said first and second coaxial waveguides.
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Abstract
A cyclotron resonance maser system includes coaxial coupling between coaxial wave guides. Such coupling is provided between an outer coaxial waveguide through which a gyrotron electron beam passes in generating or amplifying microwaves and an inner coaxial waveguide terminating in an annular window. The coupling separates the microwaves from the electron beam before the collector region of the gyrotron so that the collector dimensions are not related to, and hence restricted by, the wavelength of the output microwaves. The particular preferred coupling includes substantially axial slots in the common wall between the respective waveguides which slots provide selective coupling between the waveguides in the desired modes and limiting mode conversion. The coupling is preferably between a TEOn or TEml mode in the outer input waveguide and a TEOn'"'"' mode in the inner, output waveguide, n and n'"'"' being integers greater than 1. A preferred resonant cavity limits the generated microwaves to a TEml mode. Partial reflection and feedback from the inner waveguide stabilizes the input mode.
110 Citations
44 Claims
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1. A cyclotron resonance maser system comprising:
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an assembly of components disposed successively along a common axis and including successively and coaxially an annular source of electrons, tunnel means for defining a beam tunnel symmetrically disposed about said axis, interaction means for defining an electron-microwave interaction region symmetrically disposed about said axis, a first coaxial waveguide coupled to said interaction means, and an annular collector of electrons, means for forming electrons from said source into an annular beam of electrons having substantial energy transverse of said beam and directing said beam of electrons successively through said beam tunnel, said interaction region and said coaxial waveguide to said collector, a second coaxial waveguide coaxial with and surrounded by said first coaxial waveguide and extending coaxially through said electron collector, and symmetric coaxial coupling means for coupling microwave energy between said first and second coaxial waveguides. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A cyclotron resonance maser system comprising:
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an assembly of components disposed successively along a common axis and including successively and coaxially an annular source of electrons, tunnel means for defining a beam tunnel symmetrically disposed about said axis, cutoff means, cavity means for defining a microwave resonant cavity symmetrically disposed about said axis, transition means for defining a transition passage symmetrically disposed about said axis, a first coaxial waveguide coupled to said transition means, and an annular collector of electrons, said cutoff means providing an annular opening between said cavity to said beam tunnel for admitting electrons from said beam tunnel to said resonant cavity while cutting off microwaves resonant in said cavity from entering said beam tunnel, means for forming electrons from said source into an annular beam of electrons having substantial energy transverse of said beam and directing said beam of electrons successively through said beam tunnel, said cutoff means, said cavity, said transition passage, and said coaxial waveguide to said collector, a second coaxial waveguide coaxial with and surrounded by said first coaxial waveguide and extending coaxially through said electron collector, and coaxial coupling means for coupling microwave energy between said first and second waveguides. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A cyclotron resonance maser system comprising:
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an assembly of components disposed successively along a common axis and including successively and coaxially an annular source of electrons, tunnel means for defining a beam tunnel symmetrically disposed about said axis, cutoff means, cavity means for defining a microwave resonant cavity symmetrically disposed about said axis, transition means for defining a transition passage symmetrically disposed about said axis, a first coaxial waveguide coupled to said transition means, and an annular collector of electrons, said cutoff means providing an annular opening between said cavity to said beam tunnel for admitting electrons from said beam tunnel to said resonant cavity while cutting off microwaves resonant in said cavity from entering said beam tunnel, means for forming electrons from said source into an annular beam of electrons having substantial energy transverse of said beam and directing said beam of electrons successively through said beam tunnel, said cutoff means, said cavity, said transition passage, and said coaxial waveguide to said collector, a second coaxial waveguide coaxial with and surrounded by said first coaxial waveguide and extending coaxially through said electron collector, coaxial coupling means for coupling microwave energy between said first and second waveguides, and an annular window member for hermetically sealing said second waveguide and transmitting microwave energy. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
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37. A cyclotron resonance maser system comprising:
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an assembly of components disposed successively along a common axis and including successively and coaxially an annular source of electrons, tunnel means for defining a beam tunnel symmetrically disposed about said axis, cutoff means, cavity means for defining a microwave resonant cavity symmetrically disposed about said axis, transition means for defining a transition passage symmetrically disposed about said axis, a first coaxial waveguide coupled to said transition means, and an annular collector of electrons, said cavity being defined by inner and outer walls forming a cavity of transverse cross section monotonically increasing in area in the direction of said transition passage and with substantially constant average radius over the length of the cavity, said cutoff means providing an annular opening between said cavity and said beam tunnel of substantially smaller average radius than that of said cavity for resonating in a TEm1 mode, wherein m is a predetermined integer substantially greater than 1, said first waveguide having at least a portion of substantially constant transverse cross section of average radius substantially greater than that of said cavity, and said transition passage having transverse cross section of average radius monotonically increasing from that at the output of said cavity to that at the input of said waveguide, means for forming electrons from said source into an annular beam of electrons having substantial energy transverse of said beam and directing said beam of electrons successively through said beam tunnel, said cutoff means, said cavity, said transition passage, and said coaxial waveguide to said collector, a second coaxial waveguide coaxial with and surrounded by said first coaxial waveguide and extending coaxially through said electron collector, and coaxial coupling means for coupling microwave energy between said first and second waveguides, said coaxial coupling means comprising a mode selective directional coupler for coupling said TEm1 mode in said first waveguide to a TE0n mode in said second waveguide, n being an integer greater than 1, said second waveguide propagating said TE0n mode and containing means for partially reflecting microwaves in said TE0n mode back through said coupler for reinforcing the desired TEm1 mode in said first waveguide. - View Dependent Claims (38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44)
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Specification