Self-oscillating high frequency power converter

• US 4,605,999 A
• Filed: 03/11/1985
• Issued: 08/12/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 03/11/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: AT&T, Inc.
• Inventors: Suiter, Weyman B. Jr., Malik, Randhir S., Bowman, Wayne C., Ziesse, Norman G., Seidel, Harold
• Primary Examiner(s): Salce, Patrick R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): VOELTZ, EMANUEL T
• Application Number:
  US06/710,506
• Time in Patent Office: 519 Days
• Field of Search: 363/16, 363/18, 363/19, 363/97, 363/131, 363/40, 363/75, 363/17, 323/248
• US Class Current: 363/19
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/338 in a self-oscillating arrangement H02M3/337 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/4818 with means for adaptation of resonance frequency, e.g. by modification of capacitance or inductance of resonance circuits
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A self-oscillating power converter utilizes a MOSFET power transistor switch with its output electrode coupled to a tuned network that operatively limits the voltage waveform across the power switch to periodic unipolar pulses. The transistor switch may be operated at a high radio frequency so that its drain to gate interelectrode capacitance is sufficient to comprise the sole oscillatory sustaining feedback path of the converter. A reactive network which is inductive at the operating frequency couples the gate to source electrodes of the transistor switch and includes a variable capacitance as a means of adjusting the overall reactance, and hence the converter'"'"'s switching frequency in order to provide voltage regulation. A resonant rectifier includes a tuned circuit to shape the voltage waveform across the rectifying diodes as a time inverse of the power switch waveform.

Claims

1. A self-oscillating power converter comprising:

input means for accepting a DC voltage source.

a semiconductor power switch including first and second main conduction path electrodes and a control electrode and further including at least an interelectrode capacitance between the first main conduction path electrode and the control electrode and having its first main conduction path electrode coupled to the input means,

a feedback network for sustaining oscillations in the power converter including;

the interelectrode capacitance coupling the first main conduction path electrode and the control electrode, and

a variable inductive circuit coupling the control electrode to the second main conduction path electrode,

the interelectrode capacitance and the variable inductive circuit having reactive values such that a sinusoidal voltage is generated at the control electrode causing oscillations to occur whereby the interelectrode capacitance is sufficient to be operative as an exclusive feedback path;

a tuned network connected to the first main conduction path electrode and having an inductive reactive impedance and operative at a frequency of oscillation as established by the feedback network for controlling a voltage waveform at the first main conduction path electrode to be continuing for a portion of a cycle of operation while the semiconductor power switch is nonconducting and to be discontinued while the semiconductor power switch is conducting.

2. A self-oscillating power converter as defined in claim 1 and further including:

voltage regulation means comprising;

means for sensing an output voltage at the power converter,

a reference voltage source,

an error amplifier for comparing a voltage of the means for sensing and a voltage of the reference voltage source and generating an error voltage, and

means for applying the error voltage to the variable inductive circuit in order to control a reactance thereof.

3. A self-oscillating power converter as defined in claims 1 or 2 wherein the variable inductance circuit comprises:

a fixed inductor, and

first and second diodes having capacitive characteristics and being connected to each other at a common node oriented thereat with opposing polarity and further connected in series with the fixed inductor.

4. A self-oscillating power converter as defined in claims 1 or 2 wherein the variable inductance circuit comprises:

a series connection including a fixed inductor and a capacitor,

first and second diodes having capacitive characteristics and being connected to each other at a common node oriented thereat with opposing polarity and further connected in parallel with the series connection of fixed inductor and the capacitor.

5. A self-oscillating power converter as defined in claims 1 or 2 wherein the variable inductance circuit comprises:

a fixed inductor, and

a fixed capacitor and a diode having capacitive characteristics and the fixed capacitor and diode connected to each other at a common node and further connected in series with the fixed inductor.

6. A self-oscillating power converter as defined in claims 1 or 2 wherein the variable inductance circuit comprises:

a series connection of a fixed inductor and a capacitor,

a fixed capacitor and a diode having capacitive characteristics and the fixed capacitor and diode being connected to each other at a common node and further connected in parallel with the series connection of fixed inductor and the capacitor.

7. A self-oscillating power converter as defined in claims 1 or 2 or 6 further including an output rectifier coupled to the tuned network and comprising:

a rectifying diode, and

an LC network tuned so as to form part of the tuned impedance of the tuned network.

8. A power converter as defined in claims 1 or 2 wherein the semiconductor power switch includes second interelectrode capacitance between the second main conduction path electrode and the control electrode and the frequency of oscillation established by the feedback network is less than the resonant frequency of the network comprising the variable inductance and the second interelectrode capacitance.

9. A power converter as defined in claims 1 or 2 wherein the feedback network is operative for converting a periodic pulsed unipolar voltage waveform at the first main conduction path electrode to a continuous full cycle substantially sinewave voltage waveform at the control electrode.

10. A power converter comprising:

input means for accepting a DC power source,

output means for accepting a load to be energized,

a transistor switch coupled for receiving power from the input means and having a control electrode, first and second power carrying electrodes and having interelectrode capacitance between the first and second power carrying electrodes and between each power carrying electrode and the control electrode,

a tuned network coupling the first power carrying electrode to the output means and operative for controlling a voltage waveform at the first electrode lasting for portion of a half-cycle of operation of the transistor switch during its nonconducting state,

a feedback network including an interelectrode capacitance coupling the first power carrying electrode and the control electrode and a frequency control network including an inductance and a variable capacitance coupling the control electrode to the second power carrying electrode, the interelectrode capacitance and the inductance and variable capacitance being tuned to generate a quasi-sinewave voltage at the gate electrode with a leading phase of 120°

to 180°

with respect to a fundamental component of the pulsed voltage waveform at the first power carrying electrode, and

the feedback network being operative to generate the quasi sinewave voltage at the gate electrode at a frequency when the interelectrode capacitance is operative as an exclusive feedback path.

11. A power converter as defined in claim 10 wherein:

a frequency of operation of the converter established by the feedback network is less than the resonant frequency of the frequency control network comprising connected inductance and variable capacitance and an interelectrode capacitance between the second power carrying electrode and the control electrode.

12. A power converter as defined in claim 10 and further including:

voltage regulation means comprising;

means for sensing a voltage at the output means,

means for comparing a voltage at the means for sensing with a reference voltage and generating an error voltage, and

means for utilizing the error voltage for controlling the variable capacitance.

13. A power converter as defined in claims 10 or 11 or 12 wherein the variable capacitance comprises two diodes connected in series and having their cathode terminals joined to a common node.

14. A power converter as defined in claims 10 or 11 or 12 and further including:

an output rectifier coupled between the tuned network and the output means and comprising;

rectifying diodes, and

an LC network tuned so as to form with the tuned network and the output means a composite tuned network operative for shaping a voltage waveform at the first power carrying electrode.

15. A power converter comprising:

input means for accepting a DC power source,

output means,

a MOSFET power switch coupled for receiving power from the input means and including interelectrode capacitances,

a frequency tuned network coupling an output electrode of the MOSFET power switch to the output means, and operative for maintaining current through the power switch exclusive of voltage across the power switch,

an oscillatory feedback network including;

an interelectrode capacitance coupling the output electrode to a control electrode of the MOSFET power switch and a frequency control circuit including an inductor and variable capacitance coupling the control electrode to a third electrode of the MOSFET power switch, and operative for supplying a continuous sinusoidal drive signal at the control electrode at a sufficiently high frequency so that the interelectrode capacitance coupling the output electrode to the control electrode is an exclusive feedback path.

16. A power converter as defined in claim 15 and further including:

voltage regulation means comprising;

means for sensing a voltage at the output means,

means for comparing a reference voltage with a sensed voltage of the means for sensing and generate an error signal therefrom, and

means for coupling the error signal to the variable capacitance for controlling a capacitance value thereof.

17. A power converter as defined in claims 15 or 16 wherein:

the variable capacitance comprises two diodes connected in series and having their main conduction paths oriented in opposite directions.

18. A power converter as defined in claims 15 or 16 wherein:

the frequency tuned network is inductively reactive at an operating frequency of the converter and includes components which limit a voltage waveform at the output electrode of the power switch to a part of a cycle of operation, and

the interelectrode capacitance and the frequency control circuit of an inductor and variable capacitor being at values to cause a continuous quasi sinewave to occur at a control electrode of the power switch at a frequency below a resonant frequency of a circuit connection of the inductor and variable capacitor and an interelectrode capacitance between the control electrode and the third electrode of the power switch.

19. A self-oscillating power converter comprising:

input means for accepting a DC voltage source

output means,

a semiconductor power switch coupled for controlling energy flow from the input means to the output means and including first and second main conduction path electrodes and a control electrode for controlling current flow in a main conduction path of the power switch,

a tuned network coupling the first main conduction path electrode to the output means and operative for controlling a voltage waveform at the first main conduction path electrode to be continuous for a portion of a half-cycle of operation of the semiconductor power switch during its nonconducting state,

a tunable narrow bandwidth drive network for driving the power switch including;

capacitive means coupling the first main conduction path electrode to the control electrode, and

inductive means having variable inductance in response to a control signal and coupling the second main conduction path electrode to the control electrode,

control means for supplying a control signal varying the inductance of the inductive means,

whereby the capacitive means and inductive means operate cooperatively to supply a quasi sinewave voltage at the control electrode and the control means is operative for varying a frequency of operation of the converter to control a signal amplitude at the output means.

20. A self-oscillating power converter as defined in claim 19 wherein the semiconductor power switch includes substantial interelectrode capacitance between the first main conduction path electrode and the control electrode and a capacitive value of the interelectrode capacitance being sufficient to comprise the capacitive means.

21. A self-oscillating power converter as defined in claim 20 wherein the control means includes;

voltage regulation means comprising;

means for sensing a voltage at the output means,

means for comparing a voltage sensed by the means for sensing with a reference and generating an error voltage, and

means for utilizing the error voltage as the control signal to vary inductance of the inductive means.

22. A self-oscillating power converter as defined in claim 21,

wherein the inductive means includes a tunable network having an overall inductive reactance at a frequency of operation of the converter and including a fixed inductor and a variable capacitance connected together, whereby the variable capacitance responds to the control signal and the overall inductive reactance of the network is varied.

23. A self-oscillating power converter as defined in claim 22 further including an output rectifier having diodes and having tuned circuit elements so that a voltage waveform across the diodes is substantially a time reversal of the voltage waveform across the semiconductor power switch.