Enhanced scattering in voltage sensitive encapsulated liquid crystal
First Claim
1. Liquid crystal apparatus comprising liquid crystal means for selectively primarily scattering or transmitting light in response to a prescribed input, said liquid crystal means comprising operationally nematic liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anistropy, a support medium means for supporting said liquid crystal means, and reflecting means for effecting total internal reflection of light scattered by said liquid crystal means.
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Accused Products
Abstract
In the present invention encapsulated liquid crystal material in a support medium illuminated from the viewing side or direction will appear bright or white relative to background when in distorted alignment, e.g. in the absence of an electric field. Incident light impinging on the liquid crystal material is isotropically scattered thereby into the support medium, and using the principle of total internal reflection a relatively large part of the isotropically scattered light is reflected back to illuminate the distorted liquid crystal material tending to brighten the same so that light it scatters back to the viewing direction out of the support medium causes the liquid crystal material to appear relatively light or bright as compared to the background where there is no liquid crystal material or where the liquid crystal material is in parallel alignment in field-on condition, i.e. aligned with respect to an electric field, and, thus, substantially transmissive. Original incident light where there is no liquid crystal material, that light which is isotropically scattered toward the back or non-viewing side of the display and within a certain cone or solid angle, and that light passing through aligned (field-on) liquid crystal material will tend not to be totally internally reflected; such light will pass through the support medium and may be absorbed by a remote black or colored material.
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Citations
112 Claims
- 1. Liquid crystal apparatus comprising liquid crystal means for selectively primarily scattering or transmitting light in response to a prescribed input, said liquid crystal means comprising operationally nematic liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anistropy, a support medium means for supporting said liquid crystal means, and reflecting means for effecting total internal reflection of light scattered by said liquid crystal means.
- 51. A liquid crystal display for displaying bright characters or the like on a dark background, comprising liquid crystal means for substantially isotropically scattering of light incident thereon, said liquid crystal means including plural volumes of operationally nematic liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy in a containment medium, said volumes being defined by walls of said containment medium, said walls being operative in the absence of an electric field to distort the natural structure of said liquid crystal material to effect scattering of light, and said liquid crystal material being responsive to application of an electric field to align with respect thereto thereby to reduce the amount of such scattering, and reflection means for reflecting light so isotropically scattered by said liquid crystal means back to said liquid crystal means for further scattering thereby.
- 57. A liquid crystal display for displaying bright characters or the like on a dark background, comprising liquid crystal means for substantially isotropically scattering light incident thereon, and reflection means for reflecting light so isotropically scattered by said liquid crystal means back to said liquid crystal means for further scattering thereby, said reflection means comprising a support medium means for supporting said liquid crystal means and carrying out total internal reflection of light therein, said support medium means having a viewing surface through which light isotropically scattered by said liquid crystal means within a prescribed angle can be transmitted to provide such bright character appearance, and said support medium means having an area in which light is not reflected through said viewing surface thereby effecting the appearance of a relatively dark background, said area comprising an area proximate liquid crystal means that is substantially optically transmissive, said liquid crystal means comprising at least one layer of encapsulated operationally nematic liquid crystal material in said support medium means, said liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy and an ordinary index of refraction substantially matched to that of said support medium means to maximize optical transmission in the presence of an electric field and to effect substantial isotropic scattering in the absence of an electric field.
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59. A liquid crystal display for displaying bright characters or the like on a dark background, comprising liquid crystal means for substantially isotropically scattering light incident thereon, and reflection means for reflecting light so isotropically scattered by said liquid crystal means back to said liquid crystal means for further scattering thereby, said reflection means comprising a support medium means for supporting said liquid crystal means and carrying out total internal reflection of light therein, said support medium means having a viewing surface through which light isotropically scattered by said liquid crystal means within a prescribed angle can be transmitted to provide such bright character appearance, said liquid crystal means having positive dielectric anisotropy and wherein the dielectric constant of said support medium means is at least about as large as the lower dielectric constant of said liquid crystal means.
- 60. A liquid crystal display for displaying bright characters or the like on a dark background, comprising liquid crystal means for substantially isotropically scattering light incident thereon, and reflection means for reflecting light so isotropically scattered by said liquid crystal means back to said liquid crystal means for further scattering thereby, said reflection means comprising a support medium means for supporting said liquid crystal means, and an interface between said support medium means and a further medium having a smaller index of refraction with respect to that of said support medium means thereby to effect total internal reflection of light incident on such interface at an angle greater than a predetermined one with respect to normal at such interface.
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62. A liquid crystal display for displaying bright characters or the like on a dark background, comprising liquid crystal means for substantially isotropically scattering of light incident thereon, and reflection means for reflecting light so isotropically scattered by said liquid crystal means back to said liquid crystal means for further scattering thereby, said liquid crystal means comprising at least one layer of encapsulated liquid crystal material, said encapsulated liquid crystal material comprising an emulsion of liquid crystal material and a containment medium therefor.
- 63. Liquid crystal apparatus comprising liquid crystal means for selectively primarily scattering or transmitting light in response to a prescribed input, said liquid crystal means comprising operationally nematic liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy, first medium means for containing said liquid crystal means, and second medium means for cooperating with said first medium means to effect total internal reflection of light scattered by said liquid crystal means.
- 69. In combination an encapsulated operationally nematic liquid crystal comprising liquid crystal material and support medium means for containing such liquid crystal material, said liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy and ordinary index of refraction substantially matched to the support medium substantially to maximize optical transmission in the presence of an electric field and to effect isotropic optical scattering in the absence of an electric field.
- 84. A method of displaying a bright character or other information on a relatively dark background using liquid crystal material contained in volumes formed in a containment medium, such liquid crystal material being operationally nematic, having positive dielectric anisotropy, having an extraordinary index of refraction that is different from the index of refraction of such containment medium and an ordinary index of refraction substantially matched to the index of refraction of such containment medium, comprising distorting the natural structure of such liquid crystal material to effect substantially isotrophic scattering of at least some light incident on such liquid crystal material, reflecting at least some of such scattered light back to such volumes of liquid crystal material for further scattering, and transmitting to a viewing area at least some of the light scattered by such liquid crystal material to form such character or other information.
- 89. A method of making a liquid crystal apparatus comprising placing an encapsulated liquid crystal material in a support medium that has an optical internal reflection characteristic, and forming such encapsulated liquid crystal material as operationally nematic material, said forming comprising forming an emulsion of an operationally nematic liquid crystal material and a containment medium to provide capsule-like containment volumes of such liquid crystal material, the walls of such volumes tending to distort the natural structure of such liquid crystal material when generally randomly aligned in the absence of an electric field.
- 96. An emulsion of an operationally nematic liquid crystal material and a containment medium, and further comprising a surfactant mixed therein.
- 99. A method of making a liquid crystal apparatus, comprising forming a plurality of volumes of operationally nematic liquid crystal material in a containment medium such that the walls of such volumes tend to distort the natural structure of such liquid crystal material in the absence of an electric field to scatter light incident on such volumes, placing such volumes of liquid crystal material for support by a support medium that has an optical internal reflection characteristic, providing a further medium at an interface with such support medium and selecting the index of refraction of such support medium to be greater than the index of refraction of such further medium, whereby light scattered by such liquid crystal material at an angle greater than the internal reflection angle at such interface is totally internally reflected back to such liquid crystal material, and such liquid crystal material being responsive to the presence of an electric field to align with respect thereto and thereby to reduce scattering.
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106. A method of making a liquid crystal apparatus comprising placing an encapsulated liquid crystal material in a support medium that has an optical internal reflection characteristic, providing a further medium at an interface with such support medium, selecting the index of refraction of such support medium to be greater than the index of refraction of such further medium, and placing a light absorbing medium beyond such further medium for absorbing light transmitted through such further medium, whereby light impinging on such interface at an angle exceeding the total internal reflection angle is totally internally reflected to such liquid crystal material, and light transmitted through such interface is absorbed by such light absorbing medium.
- 108. A liquid crystal apparatus, comprising plural volumes of liquid crystal material in a containment medium, said liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy, said containment medium having an index of refraction, and said liquid crystal material having an ordinary index of refraction substantially matched to the index of refraction of said containment medium to maximize transmission of light and an extraordinary index of refraction different from the index of refraction of said containment medium to increase scattering of light transmitted through said containment medium and liquid crystal material.
Specification