Adaptive signal processor for interference cancellation

• US 4,608,569 A
• Filed: 09/09/1983
• Issued: 08/26/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/1983
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Penn, William A., Dickey, Frank R. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Blum, Theodore M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hellner, Mark
• Application Number:
  US06/530,626
• Time in Patent Office: 1,082 Days
• Field of Search: 343/9 PS, 343/378, 343/379, 343/384, 367/905, 367/901, 324/77 K
• US Class Current: 342/384
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/2813 Means providing a modification of the radiation pattern for cancelling noise, clutter or interfering signals, e.g. side lobe suppression, side lobe blanking, null-steering arrays specially adapted to secondary radar systems G01S13/762; aerials or aerials systems H01Q21/29, H01Q25/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/527 Extracting wanted echo signals Doppler systems G01S15/50

Abstract

The present invention relates to an adaptive signal processor for reducing interference in ranging and communication systems resulting from jamming or multipath reception. More particularly, an optical signal processor is provided in which a first time correlation is performed between the receive signal derived from a direction antenna and an interference signal derived from one or more auxiliary omnidirectional antennas in an acousto-optical device to obtain one or more corresponding weighting functions stored as a function of signal delay. The auxiliary signal is then correlated in a spatial correlation process in which the auxiliary signals are delayed and multiplied with the weights and the result spatially integrated to derive the predicted interference. The predicted interference is then subtracted from the main signal in an adaptive feedback loop wherein the predicted signal is made to approach equality with the interference. The system achieves good cancellation by correcting for multiple arrival times and by retaining the phase and amplitude information of the original carriers throughout the optical process.

Claims

1. A processor for use in an echo ranging or communication system in which a signal is received by a directional main antenna with possible interference including multi-path signals, said main antenna signal after conversion to a modulation on a carrier of intermediate frequency being denoted m(t);

and in which system at least one auxiliary, substantially less directional antenna (i) is provided for intercepting interference, said auxiliary antenna signal after conversion to a modulation on said carrier being denoted a_i (t), said processor generating a predicted interference signal m(t), modulated on said carrier at an appropriate phase and amplitude for interference cancellation, and effecting said cancellation, said processor comprising;

A. an optical time integrating correlator for deriving at least one correlation function (or weight) W_i (x), where x is proportional to time delay, by correlating a residual signal r(t), approximating said main signal with the interference therein cancelled with each auxiliary signal a_i (t) comprising;

(1) a source of quasi-coherent optical radiation in the visible or near visible spectrum,

(2) a first modulator for modulating said optical radiation with said residual signal r(t), said signal (r(t)) being of prescribed phase and amplitude in relation to said carrier,

(3) acoustic wave light modulation means to which said modulated light output is coupled and to which said auxiliary signals (a_i (t)) are coupled to excite acoustic waves, said modulation means providing point by point multiplications between said optical and acoustic waves to form a first spatial pattern of products ##EQU8## where x is a coordinate measured in the direction of propagation of said acoustic waves, and

v_a is the acoustic velocity in said acoustic wave light modulation means,

said first pattern retaining prescribed phase and amplitude signal information as modulations on said carrier in a spatial format,

(4) time-integrating means coupled to the output of said acoustic wave light modulation means, having a time constant adequate for executing a time integral of each point of said first spatial pattern to obtain at least one complex correlation function W(x), as a second spatial pattern, ##EQU9## where T_o is 1/e decay time of integration, and

x is the coordinate measured in the direction of propagation of said acoustic waves, transformed to said time integrating optical means,

said second spatial pattern retaining phase and amplitude signal information as modulations on said carrier in said spatial format;

B. a space-integrating optical correlator for correlating each auxiliary signal (a_i (t)) while it traverses an optical aperture as an acoustic wave with said second spatial pattern of correlation functions (or weights) W_i (x) to derive the predicted interference signal m(t), comprising;

(1) acoustic wave light modulation means to which said optical output of said time-integrating optical means is coupled and to which said auxiliary signals a_i (t) are coupled to excite acoustic waves, said modulation means providing point by point multiplications between said optical and acoustic waves to form a third spatial pattern of products ##EQU10## where x is the coordinate measured in the direction of propagation of said acoustic waves, said third pattern retaining prescribed phase and amplitude signal information, as modulations on said carrier in a spatial format,

(2) a space integrating optical detector to which said third spatial pattern is coupled, said optical detector having adequate bandwidth to accommodate said modulated spatial carrier, said optical detector producing an output m(t) ##EQU11## where xΔ

is the interval of spatial integration in which said predicted interference signal is converted from said spatial modulation back to a temporal modulation on said carrier, said predicted interference signal (m(t)) approximating the interference in said main signal in respect to phase and amplitude, and

C. cancellation means in an adaptive feedback path for obtaining said residual signal r(t) as a modulation on said carrier, comprising;

(1) a bandpass filter whose input is coupled to the output of said optical detector for restricting the predicted interference signal m(t) to the useful signal band about said carrier, and

(2) subtraction means having an input coupled to said bandpass filter for application of said predicted interference signal m(t), said main signal m(t) being coupled to said other input, said subtraction means obtaining the complex difference denoted r(t), between the main carrier-borne signal m(t) and said predicted interference signal m(t), said difference (r(t)) being coupled to the first modulator, as earlier recited, to complete a feedback loop in which said predicted interference signal m(t) is caused to adaptively converge toward equality with the noise present in said main signal, said convergence causing said residual signal r(t) to approach equality to the main signal without said interference.

2. A processor as set forth in claim 1 wherein

said acoustic wave delay line light modulation means consists of two Bragg modulators wherein the input to each results in essentially a single diffracted order in addition to the zero, non-diffracted order in the output, each modulator having one section for each auxiliary signal.

3. A processor as set forth in claim 2 wherein

said time integrating optical means is an image intensifier.

4. A processor as set forth in claim 3 wherein

a liquid crystal light valve is provided, illuminated by a source of quasi-coherent optical radiation in the visible or near visible spectrum, for coupling said second spatial pattern from said time integrating optical means to said second acoustic wave light modulator.

5. A processor as set forth in claim 2 wherein

said time integrating optical means is a liquid crystal light valve, illuminated by a source of quasi-coherent optical radiation in the visible or near visible spectrum, for coupling said first spatial pattern from said Bragg modulator to said second Bragg modulator to form said third pattern.

6. A processor as set forth in claim 1 wherein

said acoustic wave light modulation means for formation of said first spatially distributed pattern and said acoustic wave light modulation means for formation of said third spatially distributed pattern are one and the same acoustic wave light modulator.

7. A processor as set forth in claim 6 wherein

said time integrating optical means is a liquid crystal light valve with a photoconductive input plane and a liquid crystal output plane, and wherein

optical coupling means are provided for coupling said first pattern from said acoustic wave light modulator to the input plane of said liquid crystal light valve, said second pattern appearing on the output plane of said liquid crystal light valve, and for coupling said second pattern appearing at the output plane of said liquid crystal light valve to said acoustic wave modulator.

8. A processor as set forth in claim 7 wherein

said optical coupling means includes a first and a second beamsplitter and a mirror;

the first beamsplitter and said mirror providing a first folded optical path coupling said acoustic wave light modulator to the photoconductive input plane of said liquid crystal light valve, and said first and second beamsplitters providing a second folded optical path coupling the output plane of said liquid crystal light valve to said acoustic wave light modulator.

9. A processor as set forth in claim 8 wherein

said optical coupling means includes a third beamsplitter for coupling light from said source of quasi-coherent optical radiation to said acoustic wave light modulator and for coupling said third pattern appearing in said acoustic wave modulator to said space integrating optical detector.

10. A processor as set forth in claim 9 wherein

said optical coupling means includes a fourth beamsplitter for coupling light from said source of quasi-coherent optical radiation via said third beam-splitter to said acoustic wave light modulator and for coupling light from said quasi-coherent optical radiation via said second beamsplitter to the output plane of said liquid crystal light valve for transfer of said second pattern to said acoustic light modulator.

11. A processor as set forth in claim 10 wherein

said optical coupling means includes an imaging lens for transferring said first pattern from said acoustic wave light modulator to the input plane of said liquid crystal light valve and for transferring said second pattern at the output surface of said liquid crystal light valve to said acoustic wave light modulator.

12. A processor as set forth in claim 11 wherein

the distance between said imaging lens via said first beamsplitter and said mirror to the input surface of said liquid crystal light valve is equal to the optical distance from the output surface of said liquid crystal light valve via said second beamsplitter to said imaging lens whereby said second pattern is arranged to correspond precisely with said first pattern upon said acoustic wave light modulator.

13. A processor for use in an echo ranging or communication system in which a signal is received by a directional main antenna with possible interference including multi-path signals, said main antenna signal after conversion to a modulation on a carrier of intermediate frequency being denoted m(t);

and in which system at least one auxiliary, substantially less directional antenna (i) is provided for intercepting interference, said auxiliary antenna signal after conversion to a modulation on said carrier being denoted a_i (t), said processor generating a predicted interference signal m(t), modulated on said carrier at an appropriate phase and amplitude for interference cancellation, and effecting said cancellation, said processor comprising;

A. an optical time integrating correlator for deriving at least one correlation function (or weight) W_i (x), where x is proportional to time delay, by multiplying the residual signal r(t), (approximating said main signal with the interference therein cancelled) in optical form with at least one auxiliary signal a_i (t) in acoustic form in an acoustic wave light modulator to obtain point by point multiplications between said optical and acoustic waves to form a first spatial pattern, and executing a time integral of each point of said first spatial pattern in an optical integrator to obtain the complex correlation functions (or weights) W_i (x), as a second spatial pattern, x being a coordinate measured in the direction of the propagation of said acoustic waves, said spatial pattern retaining phase and amplitude signal information as modulations on said carrier in a spatial format;

B. a space integrating optical correlator for deriving the predicted interference signal m(t), by multiplying the correlation functions (or weights) W_i (x) in the optical form of said spatial pattern with the auxiliary signals a_i (t) in acoustic form in an acoustic wave light modulator to obtain point by point multiplications between said optical and acoustic waves to form a third spatial pattern, said third pattern retaining prescribed phase and amplitude signal information as modulations on said carrier in a spatial format, and executing a spatial integral of all points of said third spatial pattern in an integrating optical detector to obtain the predicted interference signal m(t), approximating the interference in said main signal in respect to phase and amplitude, and

C. cancellation means in an adaptive feedback path for obtaining said residual signal r(t) as a modulation on said carrier by filtering the output of said optical detector to restrict the predicted interference signal m(t) to the useful signal band about said carrier, and subtraction means having an input coupled to said bandpass filter for application of said predicted interference signal m(t), said main signal m(t) being coupled to said other input, said subtraction means obtaining the complex difference denoted r(t) between the main carrier-borne signal m(t) and said predicted interference signal m(t), to complete a feedback loop in which said predicted interference signal m(t) is caused to adaptively converge toward equality with the noise present in said main signal, said convergence causing said residual signal r(t) to approach equality to the main signal without said interference.

14. A processor as set forth in claim 13 wherein a surface acoustic wave optical interaction device forms said space integrating optical correlator, said interaction device comprising:

a photoconductive layer in which the correlation function (or weight) W_i (x) is applied in optical form of said second spatial pattern to said layer in which the auxiliary signals a_i (t) are applied in surface wave acoustic form to said layer to obtain point by point conductances having a term equal to a multiplication between said optical and acoustic quantities to form said third spatial pattern, and

means including a voltage source for producing a current through said photoconductor layer, said current having a component at the carrier frequency equal to the integral of the conductances of the points of said third spatial pattern for deriving the predicted interference signal m(t).

15. A processor as set forth in claim 13 wherein the same surface acoustic wave optical interaction device forms a portion of said time integrating optical correlator and said space integrating optical correlator, said interaction device comprising:

a photoconductive layer in which the point by point multiplications between said optical and acoustic waves of said first spatial pattern are applied in optical form to said layer, said photoconductive layer having a conductance time constant adequate for executing a time integral of each point of said first spatial pattern to obtain at least one complex correlation function (or weight) W_i (x), as a virtual second spatial pattern, and in which the auxiliary signals a_i (t) are applied in surface wave acoustic form to said layer to obtain point by point conductances having a term equal to a multiplication between said optical quantities of said virtual second spatial pattern and said acoustic quantities to form said third spatial pattern, and

means including a voltage source for producing a current through said photoconductor layer, said current having a component at the carrier frequency equal to the integral of the conductances of the points of said third spatial pattern for deriving the predicted interference signal m(t).