Separating hydrocarbon gases

• US 4,617,039 A
• Filed: 11/19/1984
• Issued: 10/14/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 11/19/1984
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Elcor Corporation
• Original Assignee: Pro-Quip Corp. (Linde Plc)
• Inventors: Buck, Loren L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sever, Frank
• Application Number:
  US06/673,039
• Time in Patent Office: 694 Days
• Field of Search: 62/23-28, 62/38, 62/39, 62/29, 62/30, 62/31, 62/34
• US Class Current: 62/621
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 7/005 Processes comprising at least two steps in series
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 7/04 by distillation
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/02 in a single pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/74 Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/78 Refluxing the column with a liquid stream originating from an upstream or downstream fractionator column
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/04 in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2230/60 the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2235/60 the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/02 Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/02 Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/12 External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/60 Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2290/40 Vertical layout or arrangement of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, condensers, heat exchangers etc.
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0209 Natural gas or substitute natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0233 separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0242 separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/10 Process efficiency

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for separating a hydrocarbon gas into a fraction containing a predominant portion of the ethane and lighter components and a fraction containing a predominant portion of the C₃ and heavier components in which process the feed gas is treated in one or more heat exchange, and expansion steps; partly condensed feed gas is directed into a separator wherein a first residue vapor is separated from a C₃ -containing liquid; and C₃ -containing liquids, at substantially the pressure of separation, are directed into a distillation column wherein said liquid is separated into a second residue is separated to recover a C₃ -containing product. The foregoing process is improved by cooling said second residue to partially condense it; directing the partially condensed second residue into said separator forming thereby a liquid portion and a vapor portion; intimately contacting at least the first residue vapor with at least the liquids portion of the partly condensed second residue in at least one contacting stage within said separator, and thereafter separating the vapors and liquids from said contacting stage; supplying the liquids thereby recovered to the distillation column as a top liquid feed thereto; and directing the vapors thereby recovered into heat exchange relation with said second residue from the fractionation column, and thereafter discharging said residue gases.

Claims

1. In a process for separating a hydrocarbon gas containing at least ethane and C₃ components into a fraction containing a predominant portion of the ethane and lighter components and a fraction containing a predominant portion of the C₃ and heavier components, in which process

(a) the feed gas is treated in one or more heat exchangers, and expansion steps to provide at least one partly condensed hydrocarbon gas, providing thereby at least one first residue vapor and at least one C₃ -containing liquid which liquid also contains lighter hydrocarbons;

and

(b) at least one of the C₃ -containing liquids is directed into a distillation column wherein said liquid is separated into a second residue containing lighter hydrocarbons and a C₃ -containing product;

the improvement comprising

(1) cooling said second residue to partially condense it;

(2) intimately contacting at least part of one of said first residue vapors with at least part of the liquid portion of the partially condensed second residue in at least one contacting stage and thereafter separating the vapors and liquids from said contacting stage;

(3) supplying the liquids thereby recovered to the distillation column as a liquid feed thereto; and

(4) directing the vapors thereby recovered into heat exchange relation with said second residue from the distillation column, thereby to supply the cooling of step (1), and thereafter discharging said residue gases.

2. The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said contacting step (2) is carried out in a feed separator/absorber which includes fractionation means for vapor/liquid counter-current contact and

(i) wherein said partly condensed second residue is introduced into said separator/absorber above said fractionation means, whereby the liquid portion of it passes downwardly through said fractionation means;

and

(ii) said at least part of one of said first residue vapors is supplied to said separator/absorber below said fractionation means, whereby the first residue vapor rises through said fractionation means in counter-current contact with the liquid portion of the partly condensed second residue.

3. The improvement according to claim 2 wherein the fractionation means in said separator/absorber provide the equivalent of at least one theoretical distillation stage arranged to contact at least part of one of said first residue vapors with the liquid portion of the partly condensed second residue.

4. The improvement according to claim 2 wherein the fractionation means in said separator/absorber provide the equivalent of at least three theoretical distillation stages arranged to contact at least part of one of said first residue vapors with the liquid portion of the partly condensed second residue.

5. The improvement according to claim 1 wherein at least part of one of said first residue vapors are co-mingled with the liquid portion of the partially condensed second residue.

6. The improvement according to claim 1 wherein at least part of one of said first residue vapors and are comingled with both the liquid portion and vapor portion of said partially condensed second residue.

7. In an apparatus for separating a hydrocarbon gas containing at least ethane and C₃ components into a fraction containing a predominant portion of ethane and lighter components and a fraction containing a predominant portion of the C₃ and heavier components in which apparatus

(a) one or more heat exchange means and one or more expansion means are provided which are cooperatively connected to provide at least one partly condensed hydrocarbon gas, providing thereby at least one first residue vapor and at least one C₃ -containing liquid which liquid also contains lighter hydrocarbons and

(b) a distillation column connected to receive at least one of said C₃ -containing liquids which is adapted to separate the C₃ -containing liquids into a second residue containing lighter hydrocarbons and a C₃ -containing product;

the improvement comprising

(1) heat exchange means connected to said distillation column to receive said second residue and to partially condense it;

(2) contacting and separating means connected to receive at least part of one of the first residue vapors and at least part of the liquid portion of the partially condensed second residue and to comingle said vapor and liquid in at least one contacting stage, which means include separation means for separating the vapor and liquid after contact in said stage;

(3) said means (2) being further connected to supply the liquids separated therein to the distillation column as a liquid feed thereto, and

(4) said means (2) also being connected to direct the vapors separated therein into heat exchange relation with said second residue from the distillation column in said heat exchange means (1).

8. The improvement according to claim 7 wherein said contacting and separating means includes fractionation means for countercurrent vapor/liquid contact and wherein said means is connected to receive the portion of one of first residue vapors to be treated therein below said fractionation means and to receive the portion of said liquids from the partially condensed second residue to be treated therein above said fractionation means said fractionation means thereby being adapted so that the first residue vapors rise therethrough in countercurrent contact with partially condensed second residue.

9. The improvement according to claim 8 wherein said fractionation means includes vapor/liquid contacting means which are the equivalent of at least one theoretical distillation stage.

10. The improvement according to claim 7 wherein said contacting and separating means (2) comprise means for comingling at least part of one of said first residue vapors with the liquid portion of the partially condensed second residue.

11. The improvement according to claim 7 wherein said contacting and separating means (2) comprise means for comingling at least part of one of said first residue vapors with both the liquid and vapor portion of said partially condensed second residue.