Servo control system for a reciprocating piston respirator

• US 4,617,637 A
• Filed: 07/09/1985
• Issued: 10/14/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 07/09/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Respironics Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Lifecare Services Incorporated
• Inventors: Fellinger, Michael W., Chu, Raymond D., Rubner, Anthony C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Krass, Errol A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dixon, Joseph L.
• Application Number:
  US06/753,275
• Time in Patent Office: 462 Days
• Field of Search: 364/506, 364/505, 364/164, 364/165, 364/175, 364/510, 417/18, 417/20, 417/22, 417/45, 417/415, 128/204.21, 128/204.22, 128/204.23, 128/205.18, 361/96, 328/142-144
• US Class Current: 700/275
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/00 Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes stimulating the respiratory movement by mechanical, pneumatic or electrical means, iron lungs combined with gas breathing means A61H31/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0051 with alarm devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0072 Tidal volume piston pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/026 specially adapted for predicting, e.g. for determining an information representative of a flow limitation during a ventilation cycle by using a root square technique or a regression analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/231 the positional error is used to control continuously the servomotor according to its magnitude
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/33324 What to diagnose, whole system, test, simulate
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/34215 Microprocessor
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/37399 Pressure
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/41309 Hydraulic or pneumatic drive
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/42162 Model reference adaptive control MRAC, correction fictive-real error, position
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/42237 Pwm pulse width modulation, pulse to position modulation ppm
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 74/20828 Handholds and grips

Abstract

A control system for moving a piston in a reciprocating piston respirator which utilizes predictive servo control techniques. Present invention uses nonlinear time domain analysis rather than linear frequency domain analysis to produce a predictive servo control system for precisely controlling the movement of a piston in a reciprocating piston respirator. A plurality of flow profiles can be produced using stored factor tables. Current pressure and position information are used in the predictive servo control system.

Claims

1. A system for generating predetermined flow characteristics in a reciprocating piston respirator by controlling movement of a piston comprising:

detector means for generating a detected position signal indicative of a current actual position of said piston in said reciprocating piston respirator;

analysis means for using nonlinear, predictive servo control techniques employing said detected position signal to generate a control signal representative of a force sufficient to move said piston in said reciprocating piston respirator to a stored next position to produce said predetermined flow characteristics comprising;

logic means for using said nonlinear, predictive servo control techniques for performing time domain analysis of fictional, pressure and inertial factors affecting movement of said piston to predict said force required to move said piston to said next position through the use of program control means for generating position data representative of a plurality of position values which said piston must assume at a plurality of substantially equally spaced segment times to produce said predetermined flow characteristics;

means for generating said force sufficient to move said piston in said reciprocating piston respirator in response to said control signal comprising;

pulse-width modulation means for producing a digital representation of a required power signal which is substantially proportional to said force;

direction selection means for producing a digital direction signal which substantially represents a direction of motor rotation;

buffer means for converting said digital representation of said required power signal and said digital direction signal into a polarized electrical power signal which is substantially proportional to said force;

motor means for converting said polarized electrical power signal into rotational power; and

,

piston displacement means for converting said rotational power into lateral movement of said piston.

2. A system for precisely controlling movement of a piston in a reciprocating piston respirator to produce a selected flow profile of a variable output flow from said respirator comprising:

motor means for inducing movement of said piston with a torque proportional to an average voltage applied to said motor means;

means for deriving position data representative of a plurality of successive next positions said piston must assume to produce said selected flow profile;

means for generating a plurality of successive detected position signals indicative of a plurality of successive current actual positions (L_now) of said piston at a plurality of successive current segment times;

means for successively comparing said detected position signals with said plurality of successive next positions to produce a plurality of difference distance signals;

means for generating a torque control signal (T) corresponding to said torque required to move said piston to said plurality of successive next positions in response to said difference distance signals;

pulse-width modulation means for pulse-width modulating a supply voltage in response to said torque control signal (T) to control said average voltage applied to said motor means.

3. The device of claim 2 wherein said means for generating a plurality of successive detected position signal (L_now) comprises:

encoder means for indicating said actual positions of said pistons.

4. The device of claim 3 wherein said means for generating a torque control signal comprises:

voltage sensor means for detecting a supply voltage magnitude during application of substantially maximum torque to produce a supply voltage signal (V_s);

pressure sensor means for sensing pressure on said piston at said plurality of successive current segment times to produce a plurality of successive current pressure signals (P_now);

logic means for storing detected data comprising said plurality of successive detected position signals, said supply voltage signal (V_s) and said plurality of successive current pressure signals (P_now), and for processing said detected data using nonlinear, predictive control system techniques to generate said torque control signal.

5. A method of precisely controlling movement of a piston in a reciprocating piston respirator by controlling the average power supplied to an electric motor used to drive said piston to produce a preselected flow profile comprising the steps of:

computing a plurality of position values of said piston at a plurality of segment times to produce said selected flow profile;

detecting an actual position value corresponding to a actual position of said piston at a current segment time;

determining a difference distance between said actual position value of said piston at each of said current segment times and said position value for a next segment time to produce a difference distance signal;

generating a torque control signal indicative of a torque required to move said piston said difference distance;

generating an average voltage to drive said electric motor with sufficient torque to move said piston said difference distance.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein said step of generating a torque control signal comprises the step of:

generating a friction factor signal by determining static friction factors, velocity friction factors and inertial friction factors affecting said piston during a next time interval between said current segment time and said next segment time.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said step of generating a torque control signal comprises the step of:

generating a pressure factor signal by determining pressure factors during a next time interval between said current segment time and said next segment time from pressure readings taken at said current segment time.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said step of generating a torque control signal comprises the steps of:

generating an inertia factor signal by determining acceleration during a next time interval between said current segment time and said next segment time from the difference between said difference distance and a previous difference distance corresponding to the difference between position values for a previous actual position and said current actual position.

9. The method of claim 5 wherein said step of generating a torque control signal comprises the step of:

generating a pressure factor signal by determining pressure factors during a next time interval between said current segment time and said next segment time from pressure readings taken at said current segment time.

10. The method of claim 5 wherein said step of generating a torque control signal comprises the step of:

generating an inertia factor signal by determining acceleration during a next time interval between said current segment time and said next segment time from the difference between said difference distance and a previous difference distance corresponding to the difference between position values for a previous actual position and said actual position.

11. The method of claim 5 wherein said step of generating a duty factor signal comprises:

sampling a supply voltage during application of substantially maximum torque to said piston to produce said measured supply voltage.