Noise suppression system

• US 4,628,529 A
• Filed: 07/01/1985
• Issued: 12/09/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 07/01/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Gerson, Ira A., Vilmur, Richard J., Borth, David E.
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Assistant Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US06/750,942
• Time in Patent Office: 526 Days
• Field of Search: 381/58, 381/68, 381/71, 381/94, 381/102, 381/107, 381/47, 179/107 R, 179/107 FD
• US Class Current: 381/94.3
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 21/0208 Noise filtering
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2225/43 Signal processing in hearing aids to enhance the speech intelligibility
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 25/505 using digital signal processing

Abstract

An improved noise suppression system (400) is disclosed which performs speech quality enhancement upon speech-plus-noise signal available at the input (205) to generate a clean speech signal at the output (265) by spectral gain modification. The noise suppression system of the present invention includes a background noise estimator (420) which generates and stores an estimate of the background noise power spectral density based upon pre-processed speech (215), as determined by the detected minima of the post-processed speech energy level. This post-processed speech (255) may be obtained directly from the output of the noise suppression system, or may be simulated by multiplying the pre-processed speech energy (225) by the channel gain values of the modification signal (245). This technique of implementing post-processed signal to generate the background noise estimate (325) provides a more accurate measurement of the background noise energy since it is based upon much cleaner speech signal. As a result, the present invention performs acoustic noise suppression in high ambient noise backgrounds with significantly less voice quality degradation.

Claims

1. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal, said noise suppression system comprising:

means for separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

means for modifying an operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals provided by said signal separating means to provide a plurality of post-processed signals; and

means responsive to said plurality of pre-processed signals and said plurality of post-processed signals for generating a modification signal for application to said modifying means to enable the operating parameter to be modified.

5. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said separating means includes a plurality of bandpass filters.

6. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals is the gain of said signal.

7. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said modification signal for application to said modifying means is comprised of a plurality of predetermined gain values.

8. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising means for combining said plurality of post-processed signals to produce said noise-suppressed output signal.

2. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal, said noise suppression system comprising:

means for separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

means for modifying an operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals provided by said signal separating means to provide a plurality of post-processed signals;

means for generating a control signal representative of said post-processed signals; and

means responsive to said plurality of pre-processed signals and said control signal for generating a modification signal for application to said modifying means to enable the operating parameter to be modified.

3. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 2, wherein said control signal generating means provides a simulated post-processed control signal in response to said plurality of pre-processed signals and said modification signal.

4. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 3, wherein said modification signal operates on said plurality of pre-processed signals to produce said simulated post-processed control signal.

9. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal, said noise suppression system comprising:

means for separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

means for modifying the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals in response to estimates of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each individual channel to provide a plurality of post-processed signals; and

means for generating said SNR estimates in each individual channel based upon the current signal energy estimate of the pre-processed signal in each individual channel and the previous noise energy estimate of the pre-processed signal in each individual channel as determined by the detected minima of said plurality of post-processed signals.

14. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 9, wherein said detected minima is provided by periodically detecting the minimum valley level of an overall estimate of the energy of said plurality of post-processed signals, thereby generating a valley detect signal.

17. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 9, wherein said gain modifying means includes means for selecting a predetermined channel gain value for each of said SNR estimates on a per-channel basis.

19. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 17 or 18, wherein said gain modifying means further includes means for multiplying the amplitude of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals by the appropriate predetermined channel gain value, thereby providing said plurality of post-processed signals.

10. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal, said noise suppression system comprising:

means for separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

means for generating an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each individual channel based upon the current signal energy estimate of the pre-processed signal in each individual channel and the previous noise energy estimate of the pre-processed signal in each individual channel as determined by the detected minima of a simulated output signal energy level, said simulated output signal being obtained by multiplying said plurality of pre-processed signals by a predetermined gain value;

means for producing said predetermined gain value in response to said SNR estimates; and

means for modifying the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals in response to said predetermined gain value to provide a plurality of post-processed signals.

11. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said separating means includes a plurality of bandpass filters covering the voice frequency range.

12. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said current signal energy estimates are provided by applying said plurality of pre-processed signals to energy envelope detectors.

13. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said previous noise energy estimates are provided by storing an estimate of the energy in each of said plurality of pre-processed signals as per-channel noise estimates.

15. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 10, wherein said detected minima is provided by periodically detecting the minimum valley level of an overall estimate of the energy of said simulated output signal, thereby generating a valley detect signal.

16. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said SNR generating means includes means for dividing said current signal energy estimates by said previous noise energy estimates on a per-channel basis.

18. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 10, wherein said gain value producing means includes means for selecting a predetermined channel gain value for each of said SNR estimates on a per-channel basis.

20. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising:

means for combining said plurality of post-processed signals to produce said noise-suppressed output signal.

21. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 20, wherein said combining means includes means for summing said plurality of post-processed signals to form a single output signal.

22. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy pre-processed input signal to produce a noise-suppressed post-processed output signal by spectral gain modification, said noise suppression system comprising:

signal dividing means for separating the pre-processed input signal into a plurality of selected frequency bands, thereby producing a plurality of pre-processed channels;

channel energy estimation means for generating an estimate of the energy in each of said plurality of pre-processed channels;

background noise estimation means for generating and storing estimates of the background noise energy based upon said channel energy estimates, and for periodically detecting the minima of the post-processed signal energy level obtained from the output of said noise suppression system such that said background noise estimates are updated only during said minima;

channel SNR estimation means for generating an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each individual channel based upon said channel energy estimates and said background noise estimates;

channel gain controlling means for providing channel gain values corresponding to said channel SNR estimates;

channel gain modifying means for adjusting the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed channels provided by said signal dividing means according to said channel gain values, thereby producing a plurality of post-processed channels; and

channel combination means for recombining said plurality of post-processed channels to produce said post-processed output signal.

24. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 22 or 23, wherein said signal dividing means includes a plurality of bandpass filters covering the voice frequency range.

25. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 24, wherein said plurality of bandpass filters is further comprised of a bank of approximately 14 contiguous bandpass filters covering the frequency range from approximately 250 Hz. to 3400 Hz.

26. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 22 or 23, wherein said channel energy estimation means includes a plurality of full-wave rectifiers coupled to low-pass filters.

27. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 22, wherein said background noise estimation means includes:

storage means for storing an estimate of the background noise energy of the pre-processed signal in each of said plurality of selected frequency bands as per-channel noise estimates, and for continuously providing said per-channel noise estimates to said channel SNR estimation means;

valley detection means for periodically detecting the minima of an overall estimate of the energy of said post-processed signal in each of a plurality of selected frequency bands, thereby generating a valley detect signal; and

signal controlling means coupled to said storage means and controlled by said valley detect signal for providing new background noise estimates to said storage means only during said minima.

29. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 27 or 28, wherein said storage means includes:

smoothing means for providing a time-averaged value of each of said background noise energy estimates; and

memory means for storing each of said time-averaged values as per-channel noise estimates.

30. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 27 or 28, wherein said valley detection means includes:

means for storing the numerical value of the previous detected minima as a previous valley level;

means for comparing the present numerical value of the overall energy estimate to said previous valley level;

means for increasing said previous valley level at a slow rate when said present numerical value is greater than said previous valley level; and

means for decreasing said previous valley level at a rapid rate when said present numerical value is less than said previous valley level, thereby updating said previous valley level to provide a current valley level.

31. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 30, wherein said valley detection means further includes:

means for adding a selected valley offset to said current valley level, thereby providing a noise threshold level; and

means for comparing said present numerical value to said noise threshold level, thereby generating a positive valley detect signal only when said present numerical value is less than said noise threshold level.

32. The background noise estimator according to claim 31, wherein said present numerical value and said previous valley level are expressed in logarithmic terms.

33. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 22 or 23, wherein said channel SNR estimation means includes means for dividing said channel energy estimates by said background noise estimates on a per-channel basis.

34. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 22 or 23, wherein said channel gain controlling means includes means for selecting a predetermined channel gain value for each of said SNR estimates.

35. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 34, wherein each of said predetermined channel gain values are selected as a function of (a) the channel number, and (b) the SNR estimate.

36. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 34, wherein said predetermined gain values exhibit a range from 0 to 1.

37. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 22 or 23, wherein said channel gain modifying means includes means for multiplying the amplitude of the signal in a particular pre-processed channel by said predetermined gain value for that particular channel, thereby producing a plurality of post-processed signals.

38. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 37, wherein said channel modification means includes means for summing said plurality of post-processed signals to produce a single post-processed output signal.

23. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy pre-processed input signal to produce a noise-suppressed post-processed output signal by spectral gain modification, said noise suppression system comprising:

signal dividing means for separating the pre-processed input signal into a plurality of selected frequency bands, thereby producing a plurality of pre-processed channels;

channel energy estimation means for generating an estimate of the energy in each of said plurality of pre-processed channels;

background noise estimation means for generating and storing estimates of the background noise energy based upon said channel energy estimates, and for periodically detecting the minima of a simulated post-processed signal energy level such that said background noise estimates are updated only during said minima, said simulated post-processed signal being obtained by multiplying said plurality of pre-processed channels by predetermined channel gain values;

channel SNR estimation means for generating an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each individual channel based upon said channel energy estimates and said background noise estimates;

channel gain controlling means for providing said channel gain values corresponding to said channel SNR estimates;

channel gain modifying means for adjusting the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed channels provided by said signal dividing means according to said channel gain values, thereby producing a plurality of post-processed channels; and

channel combination means for recombining said plurality of post-processed channels to produce said post-processed output signal.

28. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 23, wherein said background noise estimation means includes:

storage means for storing an estimate of the background noise energy of the pre-processed signal in each of said plurality of selected frequency bands as per-channel noise estimates, and for continuously providing said per-channel noise estimates to said channel SNR estimation means;

valley detection means for periodically detecting the minima of an overall estimate of the energy of said simulated post-processed signal in each of a plurality of selected frequency bands, thereby generating a valley detect signal; and

signal controlling means coupled to said storage means and controlled by said valley detect signal for providing new background noise estimates to said storage means only during said minima.

39. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 23, further comprising energy estimate modifier means for providing simulated post-processed signal energy to said background noise estimation means by multiplying the pre-processed signal energy obtained from said channel energy estimation means by said channel gain values provided by said channel gain controlling means.

40. The method of attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal in a noise suppression system comprising the steps of:

separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

modifying an operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals to provide a plurality of post-processed signals; and

generating a modification signal responsive to said plurality of pre-processed signals and said plurality of post-processed signals, whereby said modification signal enables the operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals to be modified.

43. The method according to claim 40 or 41, wherein said operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals is the gain of said signal.

44. The method according to claim 40 or 41, further comprising the step of;

combining said plurality of post-processed signals to produce said noise-suppressed output signal.

41. The method of attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal in a noise suppression system comprising the steps of:

separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

modifying an operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals to provide a plurality of post-processed signals;

generating a control signal representative of said post-processed signals; and

generating a modification signal responsive to said plurality of pre-processed signals and said control signal, whereby said modification signal enables the operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals to be modified.

42. The method according to claim 41, further comprising the step of;

multiplying said plurality of pre-processed signals by said modification signal to produce said control signal.

45. The method of attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal by spectral gain modification, comprising the steps of:

separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

modifying the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals in response to estimates of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each individual channel to provide a plurality of post-processed signals; and

generating said SNR estimates in each individual channel based upon the current signal energy estimate of the pre-processed signal in each individual channel and the previous noise energy estimate of the pre-processed signal in each individual channel as determined by the detected minima of said plurality of post-processed signals.

47. The method according to claim 45, wherein said detected minima is provided by periodically detecting the minimum valley level of an overall estimate of the energy of said plurality of post-processed signals, thereby generating a valley detect signal.

49. The method according to claim 45 or 46, wherein said current signal energy estimates are provided by applying said plurality of pre-processed signals to energy envelope detectors.

50. The method according to claim 45 or 46, wherein said previous noise energy estimates are provided by storing an estimate of the noise energy in each of said plurality of pre-processed signals only during the presence of said valley detect signal.

51. The method according to claim 45 or 46, further comprising the step of;

combining said plurality of post-processed signals to produce said noise-suppressed output signal.

46. The method of attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal by spectral gain modification, comprising the steps of:

separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

generating an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each individual channel based upon the current signal energy estimate of the pre-processed signal in each individual channel and the previous noise energy estimate of the pre-processed signal in each individual channel as determined by the detected minima of a simulated output signal energy level, said simulated output signal being obtained by multiplying said plurality of pre-processed signals by a predetermined gain value;

producing said predetermined gain value in response to said SNR estimates; and

the gain of each of said plurality of

modifying the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals in response to said predetermined gain value to provide a plurality of post-processed signals.

48. The method according to claim 46, wherein said detected minima is provided by periodically detecting the minimum valley level of an overall estimate of the energy of said simulated output signal, thereby generating a valley detect signal.