Automatic gain selector for a noise suppression system

• US 4,630,305 A
• Filed: 07/01/1985
• Issued: 12/16/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 07/01/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Gerson, Ira A., Vilmur, Richard J., Borth, David E., Smanski, Philip J.
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Assistant Examiner(s): Schroeder, L. C.
• Application Number:
  US06/750,941
• Time in Patent Office: 533 Days
• Field of Search: 381/94, 381/71, 381/73, 381/102, 381/104, 179/107 FD
• US Class Current: 381/94.3
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2021/02168 the estimation exclusively taking place during speech pauses
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 21/0208 Noise filtering
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 25/27 characterised by the analysis technique
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2225/43 Signal processing in hearing aids to enhance the speech intelligibility
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 25/505 using digital signal processing

Abstract

An automatic gain selector is disclosed for use with a noise suppression system which performs speech quality enhancement upon a noisy speech signal available at the input to generate a noise-suppressed speech signal at the output by spectral gain modification. The channel gain controller (240) of the present invention produces a modification signal (245), comprised of individual channel gain values, for application to a channel gain modifier (250). A particular gain table set is automatically selected from one of a plurality of gain tables (450) by a selector switch (470) and a noise level quantizer (440) in response to a multi-channel noise parameter, such as the overall average background noise level of the input signal. Then the individual channel gain values (455) are obtained from the particular gain table set in response to the individual channel signal-to-noise ratio estimate (235). Hence, each individual channel gain value is selected as a function of (a) the channel number, (b) the current channel SNR estimate, and (c) the overall average background noise level. The automatic gain selector further includes a gain smoothing filter (460) for smoothing these noise suppression gain factors on a per-sample basis thereby improving noise flutter performance caused by step discontinuities in frame-to-frame gain changes.

Claims

1. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal, said noise suppression system comprising:

means for separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

means for modifying an operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals provided by said signal separating means to provide a plurality of post-processed signals; and

means responsive to said plurality of pre-processed signals for generating a modification signal having a selected modification value for each channel for application to said modifying means to enable the operating parameter to be modified, said modification signal generated by automatically selecting a modification value for each channel from one of a plurality of sets of modification values for that channel.

4. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said separating means includes a plurality of bandpass filters.

5. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals is the gain of said signal.

6. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said modification signal for application to said modifying means is comprised of a plurality of predetermined gain values.

7. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

means for combining said plurality of post-processed signals to produce said noise-suppressed output signal.

2. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal, said noise suppression system comprising:

means for separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels, each of said plurality of pre-processed signals comprised of a plurality of frames, each frame comprised of a plurality of samples of said input signal;

means for modifying an operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals provided by said signal separating means to provide a plurality of post-processed signals; and

means responsive to said plurality of pre-processed signals for generating a modification signal for application to said modifying means to enable the operating parameter to be modified, said modification signal generating means including means for smoothing said modification signal multiple times per frame.

3. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 2, wherein said smoothing means operates on a per-sample basis.

8. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal, said noise suppression system comprising:

means for separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

means for generating an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each individual channel;

means for producing a gain value for each channel by automatically selecting one of a plurality of gain tables in response to a multi-channel noise parameter, and selecting one of a plurality of gain values from the selected gain table in response to said channel SNR estimates and the channel number; and

means for modifying the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals provided by said signal separating means in response to said gain values to provide a plurality of post-processed signals.

10. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising:

means for combining said plurality of post-processed signals to produce said noise-suppressed output signal.

11. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein said separating means includes a plurality of bandpass filters covering the voice frequency range.

12. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein said SNR generating means includes means for dividing current input signal energy estimates by previous background noise energy estimates for each individual channel.

13. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein said gain modifying means includes means for multiplying the amplitude of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals by the appropriate predetermined channel gain value, thereby providing said plurality of post-processed signals.

14. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 10, wherein said combining means includes means for summing said plurality of post-processed signals to form a single output signal.

15. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 8, wherein said multi-channel noise parameter is the overall average background noise level of all channels comprising said input signal.

9. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal, said noise suppression system comprising:

means for separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels, each of said plurality of pre-processed signals comprised of a plurality of frames, each frame comprised of a plurality of samples of said input signal;

means for generating an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each individual channel once each frame;

means for producing a raw gain value for each channel in response to said SNR estimates once each frame;

means for smoothing said raw gain values multiple times per frame; and

means for modifying the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals provided by said signal separating means in response to said smoothed gain values to provide a plurality of post-processed signals.

16. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 9, wherein said gain smoothing means operates on a per-sample basis.

17. An improved noise suppression system for attenuating the background noise from a noisy pre-processed input signal to produce a noise-suppressed post-processed output signal by spectral gain modification, said noise suppression system comprising:

signal dividing means for separating the pre-processed input signal into a plurality of selected frequency bands, thereby producing a plurality of pre-processed channels;

channel energy estimation means for generating an estimate of the energy in each of said plurality of pre-processed channels;

channel noise estimation means for generating an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each individual channel based upon said channel energy estimates and an estimate of the current background noise energy for that individual channel;

channel gain controlling means for providing channel gain values, said channel gain controlling means having a plurality of gain tables, each gain table having predetermined individual channel gain values corresponding to various individual channel SNR estimates, said channel gain controlling means further having gain table selection means for automatically selecting one of said plurality of gain tables according to the overall average background noise level of said input signal;

channel gain modifying means for adjusting the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed channels provided by said signal dividing means according to said channel gain values, thereby producing a plurality of post-processed channels; and

channel combination means for recombining said plurality of post-processed channels to produce said post-processed output signal.

18. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 17, wherein each individual channel gain value provided by said channel gain controlling means is selected as a function of (a) the channel number, (b) the current channel SNR estimate, and (c) the overall average background noise level.

19. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 17, further comprising:

gain smoothing means for smoothing the gain values provided by said channel gain controlling means to said channel gain modifying means.

20. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 17, wherein said gain table selection means includes noise level quantization means for providing a digital gain table selection signal in response to the analog level of the average background noise of said input signal.

21. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 20, wherein said noise level quantization means includes hysteresis such that said gain table selection signal is not responsive to minimal changes in the average background noise level of said input signal.

22. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 17, wherein said channel noise estimation means further includes;

background noise estimation means for generating and storing an estimate of the background noise power spectral density of said pre-processed input signal; and

channel SNR estimation means for generating an estimate of the SNR of each individual channel based upon the current background noise energy estimate and the current input signal energy estimate.

23. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 22, wherein said background noise estimation means includes valley detector means for periodically detecting the minima of the input signal energy such that said background noise estimates are updated only during said minima.

24. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 19, wherein said gain smoothing means operates on a per-sample basis.

25. An improved channel gain controller for use with a spectral gain modification noise suppression system having separating means to divide a noisy input signal into a plurality of channels, and a modifying means to adjust the gain of said channels according to gain values provided by the channel gain controller to produce a plurality of noise-suppressed output channels, said channel gain controller comprising:

a plurality of gain tables, each having predetermined individual channel gain values corresponding to various individual channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimates; and

gain table selection means for automatically selecting one of said plurality of gain tables according to the overall average background noise level of said noisy input signal.

26. The improved channel gain controller according to claim 25, wherein each individual channel gain value provided by said channel gain controller is selected as a function of (a) the channel number, (b) the current channel SNR estimate, and (c) the overall average background noise level.

27. The improved channel gain controller according to claim 25, wherein said gain table selection means further includes noise level quantization means for providing a digital gain table selection signal in response to the analog level of the average background noise of said input signal.

28. The improved channel gain controller according to claim 27, wherein said noise level quantization means includes hysteresis such that said gain table selection signal is not responsive to minimal changes in the average background noise level of said input signal.

29. The improved channel gain controller according to claim 25, further comprising:

gain smoothing means for smoothing the gain values provided by said channel gain controller to said noise suppression system modifying means.

30. The improved channel gain controller according to claim 29, wherein said gain smoothing means operates on a per-sample basis.

31. The method of attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal comprising the steps of:

separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

modifying an operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals to provide a plurality of post-processed signals; and

generating a modification signal responsive to said plurality of pre-processed signals, said modification signal having a selected modification value for each channel to enable the operating parameter to be modified, said modification signal generated by automatically selecting a modification value for each channel from one of a plurality of sets of modification values for that channel.

34. The method according to claim 31 or 32, wherein said operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals is the gain of said signal.

35. The method according to claim 31 or 32, further comprising the step of:

combining said plurality of post-processed signals to produce said noise-suppressed output signal.

32. The method of attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal in a noise suppression system comprising the steps of:

separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels, each of said plurality of pre-processed signals comprised of a plurality of frames, each frame comprised of a plurality of samples of said input signal;

modifying an operating parameter of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals to provide a plurality of post-processed signals; and

generating a modification signal responsive to said plurality of pre-processed signals, said modification signal having a selected modification value for each channel to enable the operating parameter to be modified, said modification values being smoothed multiple times per frame to reduce discontinuities in said modification signal.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein said modification values are smoothed on a per-sample basis.

36. The method of attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal by spectral gain modification, comprising the steps of:

separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels;

generating an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each individual channel;

producing a gain value for each channel by automatically selecting one of a plurality of gain tables in response to a multi-channel noise parameter, and selecting one of a plurality of gain values from the selected gain table in response to said channel SNR estimates and the channel number; and

modifying the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals in response to said gain values to provide a plurality of post-processed signals.

38. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 36, wherein said multi-channel noise parameter is the overall average background noise level of all channels comprising said input signal.

40. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 36 or 37, wherein said SNR estimates are generated by dividing current input signal energy estimates by previous background noise energy estimates for each individual channel.

41. The improved noise suppression system according to claim 36 or 37, wherein the channel gains are modified by multiplying the amplitude of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals by the appropriate channel gain value, thereby providing said plurality of post-processed signals.

42. The method according to claim 36 or 37, further comprising the step of:

combining said plurality of post-processed signals to produce said noise-suppressed output signal.

37. The method of attenuating the background noise from a noisy input signal to produce a noise-suppressed output signal by spectral gain modification, comprising the steps of:

separating the input signal into a plurality of pre-processed signals representative of selected frequency channels, each of said plurality of pre-processed signals comprised of a plurality of frames, each frame comprised of a plurality of samples of said input signal;

generating an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each individual channel once each frame;

producing a raw gain value for each channel in response to said SNR estimates once each frame;

smoothing said raw gain values multiple times per frame; and

modifying the gain of each of said plurality of pre-processed signals in response to said smoothed gain values to provide a plurality of post-processed signals.

39. The method according to claim 37, wherein said gain values are smoothed on a per-sample basis.