Electrical heating device

• US 4,633,068 A
• Filed: 02/15/1984
• Issued: 12/30/1986
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/1984
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Calorique Limited
• Original Assignee: Flexwatt Corporation
• Inventors: Grise, Frederick G. J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Goldberg, E. A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lateef, M. M.
• Application Number:
  US06/580,472
• Time in Patent Office: 1,049 Days
• Field of Search: 219/211, 219/212, 219/213, 219/203, 219/345, 219/522, 219/528, 219/541, 219/543, 219/544, 219/548, 219/549, 219/553, 219/552, 338/142, 338/211, 338/212, 338/217, 338/293, 338/295, 338/308, 338/309, 338/314, 338/320, 338/330, 338/333, 174/68.5
• US Class Current: 219/543
• CPC Class Codes: F41J 2/02 Active targets transmitting infrared radiation
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/005 using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/011 Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/013 Heaters using resistive films or coatings
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/017 Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/032 Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/037 Heaters with zones of different power density
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/26 heating conductor mounted on insulating base for transparent areas H05B3/84, H05B3/86

Abstract

An electrical heating device comprises a substrate, a pair of parallel, spaced apart elongated conductors extending longitudinally of the substrate, and a semi-conductor pattern carried on the substrate and electrically connected to and extending between the conductors. The semi-conductor pattern produces a thermal image for an infrared target. In some embodiments, the thermal image is irregular or circular in shape and the semi-conductor pattern includes a plurality of transversely-spaced bars having relatively wide portions outside, and relatively thin portions within, the area producing the thermal image.

Claims

1. In an electrical heating device comprising

an electrically insulating substrate,

a pair of spaced-apart, elongated conductors, and

a semi-conductor pattern carried on said substrate, said pattern being electrically connected to and extending between said conductors,

that improvement wherein the portion of said pattern within a first area of said heating device is arranged to produce a first watt density when a predetermined voltage is applied across said conductors,

portion of said pattern within a second area of said heating device is arranged to produce a second and different watt density when said voltage is applied across said conductors, and

both ends of one of said conductors are connected to the positive side of a power source and both ends of the other of said conductors are connected to the negative side of said source.

2. In an electrical heating device comprising

an electrically insulating substrate,

a pair of spaced-apart, generally parallel elongated conductors, and

a semi-conductor pattern carried on said substrate, said pattern being electrically connected to and extending between said conductors,

that improvement wherein the portion of said pattern within a first area of said heating device is arranged to produce a first watt density when a predetermined voltage is applied across said

the portion of said pattern with a second area of said heating device is arranged to produce a second and different watt density when said voltage is applied across said conductors, and

said semi-conductor pattern including a plurality of spaced-apart bars extending between and electrically connected to said conductors, each of said bars including a first portion having a first resistance per unit length and a second portion having a second and different resistance per unit length, said first portions of each of said bars being within said first area and said second portions of said bars being within said second area.

3. The electrical target of claim 2 wherein all of said bars are of substantially the same thickness, said thickness being measured perpendicular to said substrate.

4. The heating device of claim 2 wherein said semi-conductor pattern comprises a pair of parallel, longitudinally-extending stripes, each of said stripes underlying one of said conductors and being of material having resistivity not greater than that of any of said bars.

5. The heating device of claim 4 wherein the opposite ends of said bars abut said stripes.

6. The heating device of claim 2 wherein the width of the portion of a said bar within said first area is approximately equal to:

##EQU2## wherein, W_B is the width of portion of the said bar within said first area,

L_B is the length of the portion of the said bar within said first area,

L_A +L_C is the total length of the portion of the said bar outside said first area and between said conductors,

W is the width of the portion of the bar outside said first area and between said conductors,

S is the width of the space between the portion of the said bar outside said first area and the next adjacent bar,

R is the resistivity of the semi-conductor pattern,

V is said voltage; and

D is said first watt density.

7. The heating device of claim 2 wherein the width of the portion of a said bar within said first area is less than the width of any portion of said bar located outside said first area.

8. The electrical heating device of claim 2 wherein said first area is positioned substantially midway between said conductors and said second area is intermediate said first area and one of said conductors.

9. The heating device of claim 2 wherein the distance between adjacent ones of said bars is not more than about 1/2 inch.

10. An electrical heating device for producing a thermal image of predetermined configuration, said device comprising:

a pair of spaced-apart elongated conductors; and

,

a semi-conductor pattern carried on said substrate and including a plurality of spaced-apart bars extending between and electrically connected to said conductors,

each of said bars including a first portion thereof positioned in the area of said device arranged to produce said thermal image and a second portion thereof at each end of said first portion thereof,

each of said second portions being positioned outside the portion of said device arranged to produce said thermal image between said first portion thereof and a respective one of said conductors,

said bars being of substantially uniform thickness measured perpendicular to said substrate, and

the width of said first portion of a said bar being less than the width of said second portion of said bar.

11. The heating device of claim 10 wherein the area of said device arranged to produce said thermal image is designed to have a predetermined watt density when a predetermined voltage is applied across said conductors, and wherein the width of the said first portion of a said bar is approximately equal to:

##EQU3## wherein, W_B is the width of the said first portion of the said bar,

L_B is the length of the said first portion of the said bar,

L_A and L_C are the respective lengths of said second portions of the said bar,

W is the width of the said second portions of the said bar,

S is the width of the space between the second portions of the said bar and the second portions of the next adjacent bar,

R is the resistivity of the semi-conductor pattern,

V is said voltage, and

D is said watt density.

12. An electrical heating device for producing a thermal image of predetermined configuration and varying width, said device comprising:

an electrically insulating substrate;

a pair of elongated, spaced-apart conductors extending longitudinally of said substrate; and

,

a semi-conductor pattern carried on said substrate between and electrically connected to said conductors,

the area of said semi-conductor pattern arranged to produce said thermal image including a first portion having a first width and a second portion having a second and different width,

the conductor-to-conductor resistance of the semi-conductor pattern in said first portion being different than the conductor-to-conductor resistance of said semi-conductor portion in said second portion, and

said semi-conductor pattern comprising a plurality of spaced-apart bars extending transversely between said conductors, the portion of a said bar within said first portion having a first resistance per unit length and the portion of a said bar within said second portion having a second and different resistance per unit length.

13. The electrical device of claim 12 wherein all of said bars are of substantially the same thickness, said thickness being measured perpendicular to said substrate.

14. The electrical device of claim 13 wherein said portion of each of said bars within said first portion of said pattern is wider than said portion of the said bar within said second portion of said pattern.

15. The electrical device of claim 14 wherein, when a predetermined voltage is applied across said conductors, the watt density produced in said first area is substantially equal to the watt density produced in said second area.

16. The electrical device of claim 15 wherein said conductors are generally parallel to each other, said portion of said semi-conductor pattern producing said thermal image is positioned generally midway between said conductors, and portions of said semi-conductor pattern intermediate said portion producing said thermal image and said conductors are a watt density different from that produced in said first and second areas.

17. In an electrical heating device comprising

an electrically insulating substrate,

a pair of generally parallel, spaced-apart, elongated conductors extending generally longitudinally of said substrate, and

a semi-conductor pattern carried on said substrate intermediate and electrically connected to said conductors, said semi-conductor pattern including a pair of parallel, longitudinally-extending stripes each of which underlies a respective one of said conductors and defining semi-conductor free portions of said substrate adjacent the inside edges of each of said stripes,

that improvement wherein,

the portions of said semi-conductor pattern defining said stripes and adjacent said semi-conductor free portions of said substrate having a resistivity less than that of remaining portions of said semi-conductor pattern.

18. The electrical heating device of claim 17 wherein said remaining portions are coated with a dielectric polyester material and said portions defining said stripes and adjacent said semi-conductor free portions of said substrate are not coated with said material.

19. An electrical heating device comprising:

a pair of spaced apart elongated conductors and,

a semi-conductor pattern carried on a substrate and including a plurality of spaced-apart heating portions extending between and electrically connected to said conductors,

said heating portions being of substantially uniform thickness measured perpendicular to said substrate, each of said heating portions including a first portion of one width and a second portion of a second and different width, and

the first and second widths of one of said heating portions being different than the first and second widths of another of said heating portions.