Process and apparatus for treatment of fluids, particularly desalinization of aqueous solutions
First Claim
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1. A process for demineralizing an aqueous liquid containing salts, comprising:
- successively passing the liquid through alternating separate layers of at least one means for exchanging cations and at least one means for exchanging anions to obtain a substantially demineralized liquid, said means for exchanging cations containing labile hydrogen ions and said means for exchanging anions containing labile hydroxyl ions;
applying electric energy between an anode and a cathode across the direction of the flow of the liquid and through said layered means, whereby cations and anions disassociated from the salts are transferred in opposite directions out of said layers and toward the cathode and anode, respectively; and
flushing said cations and said anions.
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Abstract
The invention refers to a process and a device for the performance of a process for the treatment of liquids, particularly for the demineralization of aqueous solutions, whereby the liquid being treated is conducted through successive chambers of treatment, wherein in a first stage of the treatment demineralization takes place by means of ion displacement and in a second stage of post-treatment by means of ion desorption the salts that are removed from the treated liquids are led into so-called brine chambers, and are washed out of these chambers into a channel or other receiver by means of a transporting liquid.
227 Citations
46 Claims
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1. A process for demineralizing an aqueous liquid containing salts, comprising:
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successively passing the liquid through alternating separate layers of at least one means for exchanging cations and at least one means for exchanging anions to obtain a substantially demineralized liquid, said means for exchanging cations containing labile hydrogen ions and said means for exchanging anions containing labile hydroxyl ions; applying electric energy between an anode and a cathode across the direction of the flow of the liquid and through said layered means, whereby cations and anions disassociated from the salts are transferred in opposite directions out of said layers and toward the cathode and anode, respectively; and flushing said cations and said anions. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A process for demineralizing an aqueous liquid containing salts, comprising a displacement stage and a desorption stage;
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said displacement stage comprising; alternatingly passing the liquid through at least one means for exchanging cations and at least one means for exchanging anions to obtain a partially demineralized liquid, said cation-exchange means containing labile hydrogen ions and said anion-exchange means containing labile hydroxyl ions, whereby cations and anions disassociated from the salts are exchanged for the labile hydrogen ions and the labile hydroxyl ions; applying electric energy between an anode and a cathode across the direction of flow of the liquid, whereby hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions migrating in opposite directions are exchanged for the cations and anions in the means for exchanging ions, thereby restoring said labile hydrogen and hydroxyl ions to said ion-exchange means and allowing for the displaced cations and anions to migrate in opposite directions; and passing at least one first flushing solution across the direction of the electric current capable of receiving the cations migrating from said means for exchanging cations and the anions migrating from said means for exchanging anions, whereby salts are formed and discharged with said first flushing solution; and said desorption stage comprising; successively passing the partially demineralized liquid from said displacement stage through alternating separate layers of at least one cation-exchange means and at least one anion-exchange means to obtain a substantially demineralized liquid; applying electric energy between an anode and a cathode across the direction of flow of the liquid and through said layered means, whereby residual cations and anions disassociated from the salts are transferred in opposite directions out of said layers and toward the cathode and the anode, respectively; and flushing said cations and said anions. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. An apparatus for demineralizing an aqueous liquid containing salts, comprising:
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at least one anode compartment with an anode therein; at least one cathode compartment with a cathode therein; at least one desorption compartment positioned between said anode and said cathode compartments;
said desorption compartment containing alternating separate layers of at least one cation-exchange means and at least one anion-exchange means, each said ion-exchange means being adjacent to both said cathode and said anode compartments;means for introducing and removing said aqueous liquid from said layered desorption compartment, wherein the liquid being removed is substantially demineralized; means for selectively permeating anions separating from said layered desorption compartment toward said anode compartment and means for selectively permeating cations separating said desorption compartment toward said cathode compartment; means for applying an electric potential between said anode and said cathode and across said layered desorption compartment, whereby cations and anions disassociated from the salts in said layered desorption compartment are transferred in opposite directions out of said layered desorption compartment and toward the cathode and the anode, respectively; and means for flushing said cations and said anions. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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31. An apparatus for demineralizing an aqueous liquid containing salts which includes a displacement stage and a desorption stage;
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said displacement stage comprising; at least one anode compartment with an anode therein; at least one cathode compartment with a cathode therein; at least one cation-exchange compartment containing a cation-exchange means therein; at least one anion-exchange compartment containing an anion-exchange means therein; at least one first flushing compartment positioned between said cation-exchange compartment and said anion-exchange compartment, all of said foregoing compartments separated from each other by means for selectively permeating ions; means for introducing and removing the aqueous liquid from each of said cation-exchange and anion-exchange compartments, wherein said liquid is partially demineralized; means for flushing said cations and said anions from said flushing compartment; and means for applying an electric potential between said anode and said cathode and across said cation-exchange means, said anion-exchange means, and said flushing compartment, whereby cations and anions disassociated from the salts migrate in opposite directions toward said cathode and said anode, respectively; and said desorption stage comprising; at least one anode desorption compartment with an anode therein; at least one cathode desorption compartment with a cathode therein; at least one ion desorption compartment positioned between said anode and said cathode desorption compartments;
said ion desorption compartment containing alternating separate layers of at least one cation-exchange means and at least one anion-exchange means, each said means being adjacent to said cathode and said anode desorption compartments;means for introducing said partially demineralized liquid from said displacement stage into said layered desorption compartment and means for removing said liquid from said layered desorption compartment, said outflowing liquid being substantially demineralized; means for selectively permeating anions separating said layered desorption compartment toward said anode desorption compartment and for selectively permeating cations separating said layered desorption compartment toward said cathode desorption compartment; means for applying an electric potential between said second anode and said second cathode across said layered desorption compartment, whereby residual cations and anions disassociated from the salts in said layered desorption compartment are transferred in opposite directions out of said layered compartment and toward said second anode and said second cathode, respectively; and means for flushing said cations and said anions from said desorption stage. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46)
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Specification