Composite cathodic electrode

• US 4,654,281 A
• Filed: 03/24/1986
• Issued: 03/31/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 03/24/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Company
• Original Assignee: WR Grace & Company
• Inventors: Lundquist, Joseph T., Anderman, Menahem
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US06/842,973
• Time in Patent Office: 372 Days
• Field of Search: 429/209, 429/212, 429/217, 429/232, 429/218, 429/196, 429/247, 429/137, 429/139
• US Class Current: 429/209
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/05 Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte H01M10/39 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/02 Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/621 Binders
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A cathodic electrode product comprising a substantially unitary, microporous structure wherein each major surface of said structure is a composition of an inert filler in a polyolefin matrix, the inner core of said structure is a composition of from 70-98 weight percent of electrochemically active and electrically conductive particulate material, from 2-30 weight percent polyethylene and from 0 to 5 weight percent polyethylene plasticizer and a current collector in contact and extend from the inner core composition.

Claims

1. An electrode product comprising a substantially unitary, microporous structure having a first and a second major surface and a thickness of less than about 50 mils, each of said first and second major surface and a thickness adjacent to each major surface composed of a substantially homogeneous outer composition of from about 7 to 35 weight percent of a polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 100,000, from about 50 to 93 weight percent of an inert filler having a mean particle size of from about 0.01 to 10 microns and from 0 to about 15 weight percent of an organic plasticizer for said polyolefin, each of the first and second major surface outer composition being separated by a thickness composed of a substantially homogeneous core composition of from about 2-30 weight percent polyethylene of a weight average molecular weight of at least about 150,000, from 70-98 weight percent of electrically conductive and electrochemically active particulate material and from 0 to about 5 weight percent of an organic plasticizer for said polyethylene and a current collector of electronically conductive material in contact with said particulate material.

2. The electrode product of claim 1 wherein the particulate material has a mean particle size of about 25 microns or less and is composed of from about 70 to 100 weight percent of at least one metal chalcogenide of a metal selected from titanium, zirconium, hafnium niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium and mixtures thereof and from 0 to about 30 weight percent of a conductive carbon black.

3. The electrode product of claim 1 wherein the particulate material is at least 70 weight percent titanium disulfide.

4. The electrode product of claim 1 wherein the polyethylene is present in 2-15 weight percent and has a weight average molecular weight of from about 200,000 to 500,000, the particulate material is present in 85-98 weight percent and is at least about 70 weight percent titanium disulfide, the plasticizer for the polyethylene is present in from 0-5 weight percent and is selected from a petroleum oil, the polyolefin is present in from 7-50 weight percent and has a weight average molecular weight of from 150,000 to 500,000, the inert filler is selected from titania, alumina, silica and the polyolefin plasticizer is a petroleum oil.

5. The electrode product of claim 1 wherein said structure further comprises edge portions composed substantially of said outer composition.

6. The electrode product of claim 2 wherein said structure further comprises edge portions composed substantially of said outer composition.

7. The electrode product of claim 3 wherein said structure further comprises edge portions composed substantially of said outer composition.

8. The electrode product of claim 4 wherein said structure further comprises edge portions composed substantially of said outer composition.

9. In a secondary battery comprising at least one pair of electrodes of opposite polarity, and an electrolyte and wherein said anodic electrode is composed of an alkali metal or alloy thereof, the improvement comprises that said cathodic electrode consists essentially of the electrode product of claim 1.

10. In a secondary battery comprising at least one pair of electrodes of opposite polarity, and an electrolyte and wherein said anodic electrode is composed of an alkali metal or alloy thereof, the improvement comprises that said cathodic electrode consists essentially of the electrode product of claim 2.

11. In a secondary battery comprising at least one pair of electrodes of opposite polarity, and an electrolyte and wherein said anodic electrode is composed of an alkali metal or alloy thereof, the improvement comprises that said cathodic electrode consists essentially of the electrode product of claim 3.

12. In a secondary battery comprising at least one pair of electrodes of opposite polarity, and an electrolyte and wherein said anodic electrode is composed of an alkali metal or alloy thereof, the improvement comprises that said cathodic electrode consists essentially of the electrode product of claim 4.

13. In a secondary battery comprising at least one pair of electrodes of opposite polarity, and an electrolyte and wherein said anodic electrode is composed of an alkali metal or alloy thereof, the improvement comprises that said cathodic electrode consists essentially of the electrode product of claim 5.

14. In a secondary battery comprising at least one pair of electrodes of opposite polarity, and an electrolyte and wherein said anodic electrode is composed of an alkali metal or alloy thereof, the improvement comprises that said cathodic electrode consists essentially of the electrode product of claim 6.

15. In a secondary battery comprising at least one pair of electrodes of opposite polarity, and an electrolyte and wherein said anodic electrode is composed of an alkali metal or alloy thereof, the improvement comprises that said cathodic electrode consists essentially of the electrode product of claim 7.

16. In a secondary battery comprising at least one pair of electrodes of opposite polarity, and an electrolyte and wherein said anodic electrode is composed of an alkali metal or alloy thereof, the improvement comprises that said cathodic electrode consists essentially of the electrode product of claim 8.

17. An electrode product comprising a substantially unitary, microporous structure having a first and a second major surface and a thickness of less than about 50 mils said first major surface and adjacent thickness composed of a substantially homogeneous composition of from about 2-30 weight percent polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 150,000, from 70-98 weight percent of electrically conductive and electrochemically active particulate material and from 0 to about 5 weight percent of an organic plasticizer for said polyethylene, and said second major surface and adjacent thickness composed of from about 7 to 35 weight percent of a polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of at least 100,000, from 50-93 weight percent of an inert filler having a mean particle size of less than about 0.01 to 10 microns and from 0-15 weight percent of an organic plasticizer for said polyolefin.

18. The electrode product of claim 17 wherein the particulate material has a mean particle size of about 25 microns or less and is composed of at from about 70 to 100 weight percent of at least one metal chalcogenide of a metal selected from titanium, zirconium, hafnium niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium and mixtures thereof and from 0 to about 30 weight percent of a conductive carbon black.

19. The electrode product of claim 17 wherein the particulate material is at least 70 weight percent titanium disulfide.

20. The electrode product of claim 17 wherein the polyethylene is present in 2-15 weight percent and has a weight average molecular weight of from about 200,000 to 500,000, the particulate material is present in 85-98 weight percent and is at least about 70 weight percent titanium disulfide, the plasticizer for the polyethylene is present in from 0-5 weight percent and is selected from a petroleum oil, the polyolefin is present in from 7-50 weight percent and has a weight average molecular weight of from 150,000 to 500,000, the inert filler is selected from titania, alumina, silica and the polyolefin plasticizer is a petroleum oil.