Passive tag identification system and method

• US 4,663,625 A
• Filed: 12/20/1985
• Issued: 05/05/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/1983
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Motion Magnetics Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Motion Magnetics Incorporated
• Inventors: Yewen, Robert G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weldon, Ulysses
• Application Number:
  US06/811,743
• Time in Patent Office: 501 Days
• Field of Search: 340/539, 340/572, 340/825.54, 340/825.3-825.34, 340/825.69, 340/825.72, 361/402, 235/439, 343/6 R, 343/6.5 R, 343/6.5 LC-6.8 LC
• US Class Current: 340/10.42
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 25/043 using inductive tags
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/067 Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07749 the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07779 the inductive antenna being a coil
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07781 the coil being fabricated in a winding process
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/082 using inductive or magnetic sensors
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10336 the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/28 the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2408 using ferromagnetic tags
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2417 having a radio frequency identification chip
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2431 Tag circuit details
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2437 Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2471 Antenna signal processing by receiver or emitter
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2474 Antenna or antenna activator geometry, arrangement or layout loop antennae H01Q1/22

Abstract

An identification system to be used in association with a set of objects or persons whereby any member of the set may be automatically identified while the member is located within a predetermined interrogation zone, wherein the system has an oscillator and field coils by which an oscillating electromagnetic field is established in the interrogation zone, an identification tag associated with each member of the set of objects or persons, each tag having a core strip of magnetically responsive material of a type which abruptly reaches saturation at a predetermined level of magnetic field, an electromagnetic coil wrapped around the strip, a switch connected with the coil, electronic circuitry for controlling the opening and closing of the switch according to a sequence in timed relation to the half cycles of the electromagnetic field, which sequence defines an identification code for the tag, and a first antenna connected to the circuitry where the circuitry may be operated by power derived from the electromagnetic field, a field detector for detecting and making measurements of the electromagnetic field in the interrogation zone, and a decoder for determining the identity of a tag according to the measurements.

Claims

1. An identification system for use in association with a set of objects, such as persons, animals, packages or the like, whereby any member of said set may be identified while said member is located within a predetermined interrogation zone, wherein said system comprises:

interrogation field means whereby at least one oscillating electromagnetic interrogation field may be established in said interrogation zone;

response signal detection means operable to monitor said interrogation zone;

an identification tag associated with each member of said set, each tag comprising;

a response member formed of a magnetically permeable material adapted to reach saturation abruptly at a predetermined level of magnetic flux and responsive to half cycles of said interrogation field when present in said interrogation zone, upon abrupt magnetic saturation thereof, to abruptly distort said field thereby generating a series of field distortion pulses corresponding to successive half cycles of said interrogation field and detectable during said half cycles;

an electromagnetic masking coil around the said response member selectively operable to magnetically mask the same and thereby prevent saturation of said response member and adapted to be rendered inoperable whereby no such masking takes place;

switch means in circuit with said masking coil selectively operable during a half cycle to control said masking coil;

circuitry means connected with said switch means and operable to control opening and closing of said switch means according to a predetermined sequence in timed relation to said half cycles of said interrogation field thereby establishing during the presence of said interrogation field a series of interrogation field distortion pulses caused by abrupt saturation of said response member, said series of interrogation field distortion pulses being interrupted by a unique series of discontinuities in said series of distortion pulses which defines an identification code for said tag;

power means for said circuitry means whereby the same may be operated, and,

signal processing means connected to said detection means for processing and decoding said series of distortion pulses.

2. An identification system of claimed in claim 1 wherein said power means is responsive to said interrogation field to generate power therefrom, for said circuitry means.

3. An identification system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said system further includes a computer connected to said response signal detection means whereby information concerning the identified member of said set may be stored.

4. An identification tag to be used in association with an object such as a person, animal, package or the like to be identified, and an identification system which system establishes an oscillating electromagnetic interrogation field within a predetermined interrogation zone, said tag comprising, a response signal member responsive to said continuous interrogation field to abruptly reach magnetic saturation thereby generating a series of response signal pulses corresponding to successive half cycles of said interrogation field and detectable during said half cycles, electromagnetic masking coil means around said response signal member selectively operable to magnetically mask the same and adapted to be rendered inoperable whereby no such masking takes place, switch means in circuit with said masking coil means, and selectively operable during a said half cycle to control said masking coil means, electronic circuitry means connected with said switch means and operable to control the opening and closing of said switch means according to a predetermined sequence in timed relation to the oscillations of said interrogation field thereby establishing during the presence of said interrogation field a series of response signal pulses generated by said response signal member, said series being interrupted by selective operation of said masking coil means to produce a unique sequence of discontinuities in said series of response signal pulses, which sequence defines an identification code for said tag, and, power means to power said circuitry means.

5. An identification tag as claimed in claim 4 wherein said power means is responsive to said interrogation field to generate power therefrom, for said circuitry means.

6. An identification tag as claimed in claim 4 wherein said power means comprises:

a rectifier and voltage stabilizer circuit, connected to said power means, said rectifier and voltage stabilizer circuit defining a more or less constant voltage signal, and a clock signal, said clock signal defining essentially a series of pulses corresponding to said half cycles of said electromagnetic field;

and wherein said electronic circuitry means comprises;

an integrated circuitry counter receiving said voltage and clock signals and having at least two counter output terminals whereby said voltage may be passed to a different counter output terminal with each said pulse of said clock signal;

an identification code matrix comprising a grid of at least two electrically insulated column lines and at least two electrically insulated row lines, in which a particular column line may be electrically connected to a particular row line via a diode, whereby the positioning of said diodes in said grid defines an identification code, each said column line being electrically connected to a respective counter output terminal, and each said row line defining a matrix output terminal;

an integrated circuitry data selector having at least two counter input terminals, a selector output terminal, and at least two matrix input terminals, each said matrix input terminal being electrically connected to a respective one of said matrix output terminals, each said counter input terminal being electrically connected to a respective one of said counter output terminals, whereby a different said matrix input terminal may be electrically connected to said selector output terminal each time said voltage signal appears at a said counter input terminal;

said switch means being electrically connected to said selector output terminal whereby each time said voltage signal appears at said selector output terminal said switch means will close.

7. An identification tag as claimed in claim 6 wherein said matrix includes diodes connecting each said column line to each said row line, and breakable electrical connection associated with each said diode whereby an operator may break particular breakable electrical connections thereby defining an identification code.

8. A method for identifying each member of a set of objects such as persons, animals, packages or the like said method comprising:

establishing a continuous oscillating interrogation field, at an interrogation zone;

providing each said member of said set with an identification tag, said tag comprising a response signal member responsive to continuous oscillations of said interrogation field to abruptly reach magnetic saturation on each half cycle thereby generating a series of response signal pulses corresponding to successive half cycles of said interrogation field and detectable during said half cycles, and further comprising masking coil means around said response signal member, switch means in circuit with said masking coil means, whereby said masking coil means is selectively operable by said switch means to mask said response signal member during the presence of a said half cycle of said interrgation field, electronic circuitry means connected with said switch means and operable to control opening and closing of said switch means according to a predetermined sequence in timed relation to the oscillations of said continuous interrogation field thereby establishing during the presence of said continuous interrogation signal a response signal consisting of a series of response signal pulses generated by said response signal member, said series of response signal pulses being interrupted by a unique series of discontinuities in said series of response signal pulses, which sequence defines an identification code for said tag, and said tag having pick up means responsive to said continuous interrogation field to power from said continuous interrogation field, for powering said circuitry means;

placing a member of said set, with a tag, in said continuous interrogation field established in said interrogation zone;

detecting the electromagnetic field in said interrogation zone whereby to detect said sequence of response signals in the presence of said continuous interrogation field; and

,

processing and decoding said sequence of response signals to determine the identity of said tag and said member of said set.