Method of making a priming device for a heating unit

• US 4,664,674 A
• Filed: 01/25/1985
• Issued: 05/12/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 01/31/1983
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The University of Tokyo
• Original Assignee: University of Tokyo
• Inventors: Ramdahl, Thomas, Oftedal, Tor A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dees, Carl F.
• Application Number:
  US06/694,890
• Time in Patent Office: 837 Days
• Field of Search: 44/6, 44/39, 44/41, 126/204, 126/206, 126/263, 431/258, 431/267, 431/268, 102/202, 102/202.5, 149/20
• US Class Current: 44/541
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 5/40 essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 50/30 Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

A method of making priming devices for a fuel element is disclosed. A high quality priming device is obtained by treating suitable pieces of cellulose with catalyzing agents such as manganates or permanganates and with oxidizing agents such as inorganic oxidizing salts. Such priming devices are very reliable and may be used in portable personnel heaters, e.g. to keep injured people warm after accidents.

Claims

1. The method of making portable personnel heating apparatus, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a fuel element comprising carbon;

providing a priming device for said fuel element including a sheet of cellulose material;

treating said sheet of cellulose material with catalyzing and oxidizing agents;

drying said sheet of cellulose material and subsequently placing said sheet on said fuel element,

characterized in this that during the treatment step said sheet of cellulose material is during a first time period treated with a first solution containing a catalyzing agent including manganates and permanganates such as salts of alkali metals including potassium (KMnO₄, K₂ MnO₄),

wherein said cellulose material is soaked in said first solution for at least fifteen minutes, said first soaking solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade and containing an active catalyzing material in the range of from 0.1 and 5, said active catalyzing material being dissolved in water,

followed by treatment of said sheet of cellulose material during a second time period with a second solution containing an oxidizing agent including inorganic oxidizing salts chosen from the anion groups of chlorates, perchlorates and nitrates, including ammonium perchlorate (NH₄ ClO₄),

wherein said cellulose material is soaked in said second solution for at least ten minutes, said second soaking solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centrigrade and containing at least twenty parts by weight of said oxidizing agent to one-hundred parts of water and wherein said sheet of cellulose material being comprised of suphite cellulose.

2. The method of making portable personnel heating apparatus, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a fuel element comprising carbon;

providing a priming device for said fuel element including a sheet of cellulose material;

treating said sheet of cellulose material with catalyzing and oxidizing agents;

drying said sheet of cellulose material and subsequently placing said sheet on said fuel element,

characterized in this that during the treatment step said sheet of cellulose material is during a first time period treated with a first solution containing a catalyzing agent including manganates and permanganates such as salts of alkali metals including sodium (NaMnO₄, Na₂ MnO₄),

wherein said cellulose material is soaked in said first solution for at least fifteen minutes, said first soaking solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade and containing an active catalyzing material in the range of from 0.1 and 5, said active catalyzing material being dissolved in water,

followed by treatment of said sheet of cellulose material during a second time period with a second solution containing an oxidizing agent including inorganic oxidizing salts chosen from the anion groups of chlorates, perchlorates and nitrates, including ammonium perchlorate (NH₄ ClO₄),

wherein said cellulose material is soaked in said second solution for at least ten minutes, said second soaking solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade and containing at least twenty parts by weight of said oxidizing agent to one-hundred parts of water and wherein said sheet of cellulose material being comprised of sulphite cellulose.

3. The method of making portable personnel heating apparatus, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a fuel element comprising carbon;

providing a priming device for said fuel element including a sheet of cellulose material;

treating said sheet of cellulose material with catalyzing and oxidizing agents;

drying said sheet of cellulose material and subsequently placing said sheet on said fuel element,

characterized in this that during the treatment step said sheet of cellulose material is during a first time period treated with a first solution containing a catalyzing agent including manganates and permanganates such as salts of alkali metals including ammonium salts (NH₄ MnO₄, (NH₄) ₂ MnO₄),

wherein said cellulose material is soaked in said first solution for at least fifteen minutes, said first soaking solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade and containing an active catalyzing material in the range of from 0.1 and 5, said active catalyzing material being dissolved in water,

followed by treatment of said sheet of cellulose material during a second time period with a second solution containing an oxidizing agent including inorganic oxidizing salts chosen from the anion groups of chlorates, perchlorates and nitrates, including ammonium perchlorate (NH₄ ClO₄),

wherein said cellulose material is soaked in said second solution for at least ten minutes, said second soaking solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade and containing at least twenty parts by weight of said oxidizing agent to one-hundred parts of water and wherein said sheet of cellulose material being comprised of sulphite cellulose.

4. The method of making portable personnel heating apparatus, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a fuel element comprising carbon;

providing a priming device for said fuel element including a sheet of cellulose material;

treating said sheet of cellulose material with catalyzing and oxidizing agents;

drying said sheet of cellulose material and subsequently placing said sheet on said fuel element,

characterized in this that during the treatment step said sheet of cellulose material is during a first time period treated with a first solution containing a catalyzing agent including manganates and permanganates such as salts of alkali metals including the corresponding salts of earth alkali metals (Mg, Ca, Ba),

wherein said cellulose material is soaked in said first solution for at least fifteen minutes, said first soaking solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade and containing an active catalyzing material in the range of from 0.1 and 5, said active catalyzing material being dissolved in water,

followed by treatement of said sheet of cellulose material during a second time period with a second solution containing an oxidizing agent including inorganic oxidizing salts chosen from the anion groups of chlorates, perchlorates and nitrates, including ammonium perchlorate (NH₄ ClO₄),

wherein said cellulose material is soaked in said second solution for at least ten minutes, said second soaking solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade and containing at least twenty parts by weight of said oxidizing agent to one-hundred parts of water and wherein said sheet of cellulose material being comprised of sulphite cellulose.

5. The method of making portable personnel heating apparatus, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a fuel element comprising carbon;

providing a priming device for said fuel element including a sheet of cellulose material;

treating said sheet of cellulose material with catalyzing and oxidizing agents;

drying said sheet of cellulose material and subsequently placing said sheet on said fuel element,

characterized in this that during the treatment step said sheet of cellulose material is during a first time period treated with a first solution containing a catalyzing agent including manganates and permanganates such as salts of alkali metals selected from the group consisting of potassium (KMnO₄, K₂ MnO₄), sodium (NaMnO₄, Na₂ MnO₄), corresponding ammonium salts (NH₄ MnO₄, (NH₄)₂ MnO₄), and corresponding salts of alkali earth metals (Mg, Ca, Ba),

wherein said cellulose material is soaked in said first solution for at least fifteen minutes, said first soaking solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade and containing an active catalyzing material in the range of from 0.1 and 5, said active catalyzing material being dissolved in water,

followed by treatment of said sheet of cellulose material during a second time period with a second solution containing an oxidizing agent including inorganic oxidizing salts chosen from the anion groups of chlorates, perchlorates and nitrates, including ammonium perchlorate (NH₄ ClO₄),

wherein said cellulose material is soaked in said second solution for at least ten minutes, said second soaking solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade and containing at least twenty parts by weight of said oxidizing agent to one-hundred parts of water and wherein said sheet of cellulose material being comprised of sulphite cellulose.

6. A method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus, the method comprising the following steps:

soaking a sheet of cellulose material in an aqueous solution containing both a catalyzing agent and an inorganic oxidizing agent, then

drying the sheet of cellulose material;

whereby the dried sheet of cellulose material retains residues of both the catalyzing agent and the inorganic oxidizing agent, and then

adhesively attaching the dried sheet of cellulose material onto the surface of a carbon fuel element,

whereby the carbon fuel element with the adhesively attached sheet of cellulose material comprises the self priming fuel element for use in the portable personnel heating apparatus.

7. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 6 wherein:

in said soaking step, the catalyzing agent selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts (sodium and potassium), earth alkali salts (magnesium, calcium and barium), and ammonium salts of manganate and permanganate, and the inorganic oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of oxidizing salts having anion groups of chlorate, perchlorate, and nitrate, including ammonium perchlorate.

8. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 6 wherein:

in said soaking step, the catalyzing agent is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts (sodium and potassium) of manganate and permanganate, and the inorganic oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of oxidizing salts having anion groups of chlorate, perchlorate, and nitrate, including ammonium perchlorate.

9. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 6 wherein:

in said soaking step, the catalyzing agent is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts (sodium and potassium) of manganate and permanganate, and the inorganic oxidizing agent is ammonium perchlorate.

10. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 7 wherein:

in said soaking step, the alkali metal salts of the catalyzing agent selected from the group consisting of sodium or potassium.

11. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 7 wherein:

the sheet of cellulose material having a composition of sulfite cellulose.

12. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 11 wherein:

in said soaking step, the aqueous solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade, the aqueous solution having a concentration of the catalyzing agent between 0.1 and 5, the aqueous solution having a concentration of the oxidizing agent of at least twenty parts by weight to one-hundred parts of water, and said first soaking step having a duration of at least fifteen minutes.

20. A self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus made by the method described in claim 8.

13. A method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus, the method comprising the following steps:

in a first soaking step, soaking a sheet of cellulose material in a first aqueous solution containing a catalyzing agent, then

transferring the sheet of singly cellulose material from the first solution to a second aqueous solution containing an inorganic oxidizing agent, then

in a second soaking step, soaking the sheet of cellulose material in the aqueous second solution containing the inorganic oxidizing agent, then

drying the sheet of doubly cellulose material;

whereby the dried sheet of doubly cellulose material retains residues of both the catalyzing agent and the inorganic oxidizing agent, and then

adhesively attaching the dried sheet of doubly cellulose material onto the surface of a carbon fuel element,

whereby the carbon fuel element with the adhesively attached sheet of doubly cellulose material comprises the self priming fuel element for use in the portable personnel heating apparatus.

14. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 13 wherein:

in said first soaking step, the catalyzing agent selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts (sodium and potassium), earth alkali salts (magnesium, calcium and barium), and ammonium salts of manganate and permanganate, and

in said second soaking step, the inorganic oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of oxidizing salts having anion groups of chlorate, perchlorate, and nitrate, including ammonium perchlorate.

15. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 13 wherein:

in said first soaking step, the catalyzing agent is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts (sodium and potassium) of manganate and permanganate, and

in said second soaking step, the inorganic oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of oxidizing salts having anion groups of chlorate, perchlorate, and nitrate, including ammonium perchlorate.

16. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 13 wherein:

in said first soaking step, the catalyzing agent is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts (sodium and potassium) of manganate and permanganate, and

in said second soaking step, the inorganic oxidizing agent is ammonium perchlorate.

17. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 14 wherein:

in said first soaking step, the alkali metal salts of the catalyzing agent selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium.

18. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 14 wherein:

the sheet of cellulose material having a composition of sulfite cellulose.

19. The method for making a self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus as described in claim 18 wherein:

in said first soaking step, the first aqueous solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade, the first aqueous solution having a concentration of the catalyzing agent between 0.1 and 5, and said first soaking step having a duration of at least fifteen minutes, and

in said second soaking step, the second aqueous solution having a temperature between sixty and ninety degrees centigrade, the second aqueous solution having a concentration of the oxidizing agent of at least twenty parts by weight to one-hundred parts of water, and said second soaking step having a duration of at least ten minutes.

21. A self priming fuel element for use in a portable personnel heating apparatus made by the method described in claim 13.