FLIR imager with hybrid optical/electronic processor

• US 4,672,439 A
• Filed: 09/04/1985
• Issued: 06/09/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 09/04/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Allen, John B., Florence, James M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Britton, Howard W.
• Application Number:
  US06/772,491
• Time in Patent Office: 643 Days
• Field of Search: 358/113, 358/225, 358/226, 358/227, 364/822, 250/342, 250/330, 250/332, 250/334
• US Class Current: 348/164
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/48 Thermography; Techniques using wholly visual means
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/33 Transforming infrared radiation cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from infrared radiation H04N23/20; circuitry of SSIS for transforming infrared radiation into image signals H04N25/20

Abstract

A FLIR imager is modified to include a hybrid optical/electronic processor for automatic local area dynamic range normalization. FLIR imagers have an objective lens for focusing IR energy emanating from a scene on a detector array. The detector array generates electrical signals representative of the scene. LEDs generate a visible picture of the thermal image of the scene for a video processor for formatting the signals for a particular type display (TV). The hybrid optical/electronic processor is inserted between the LEDs and the video processor; it includes a beamsplitter for directing the image to a pair of CCD cameras. The image at one camera is set in sharp focus to preserve all of the spatial frequency content (allpass) through the image reconstruction optics. While the image at the second camera is slightly defocused for averaging image information over small local regions the size of the defocused point spread function (spatial lowpass filtered). The electrical signal outputs of the CCD cameras are connected to a differential amplifier for subtracting the lowpass image from the allpass image to produce the highpass image and amplification to bring the resulting signal level above the noise level of the CRT display; while the local average image output of the second camera is connected to a limiter for limiting the local average variations. A summing amplifier is used to bring the signal back together for restoring the visual impression of hot and cold objects without saturation or blanking and provide enhancement of image detail.

Claims

1. An infrared imaging device comprising:

a forward looking infrared device having a detector means for detecting infrared energy emanating from a scene and producing electrical signals representative thereof;

an array of light emitting diodes operatively connected to the detector means for producing a visible image of the detected infrared energy;

a processing electronics connected to receive the visible image and for producing electrical signals thereof in a preselected format;

a display means connected to the processing electronics for displaying the information; and

the processing electronics includes an optical image enhancement processor operatively positioned in the optical path for automatic local area dynamic range normalization, the optical image enhancement processor includes;

an image separating means for separating the visible image into a low spatial frequency (lowpass) image and into a high spatial frequency (allpass) image, an electronic means operatively connected to the image separating means for limiting the lowpass image, and a summing means means for adding the low spatial frequency image and the high spatial image.

2. The infrared imaging device according to claim 1 wherein the optical image enhancement processor includes fast light interconnected processor.

3. The infrared imaging device according to claim 1 wherein the processing electronics includes a video processor for generating TV compatible signals including synchronization and blanking signals.

4. The infrared imaging device according to claim 1 wherein the image separating means includes:

a beamsplitter for separating the visible image into two images; and

first and second CCD cameras said first CCD camera being set to receive a first member of the two images in sharp focus for allpass filtering to preserve all of the spatial frequency content, and said second CCD camera being set to receive a second member of the two images defocused to be used for spatial lowpass filtering, said defocused image contains averaged image information.

5. The infrared imaging device according to claim 4 wherein the first and second CCD cameras each include sample and hold circuits for serial read out of the image forming signals to provide thereby an lowpass image signal and an allpass image signal.

6. The infrared imaging device according to claim 5 wherein the electronic means comprises:

a signal subtraction means operatively connected to the sample and hold circuits for subtracting the lowpass image signal from the allpass image signal for obtaining a high spatial frequency information signal;

a limiting circuit for limiting large scale signal swings of the lowpass image signal to obtained a limited lowpass image signal; and

a summing means for adding the high frequency information signal to the limited lowpass signal.

7. The infrared imaging device according to claim 6 wherein the limiting circuit includes a piecewise linear amplifier.

8. The infrared imaging device according to claim 6 wherein the limiting circuit includes a nonlinear amplifier.

9. The infrared imaging device according to claim 6 wherein the signal subtraction means comprises a differential amplifier for generating the high spatial frequency information signal (highpass detail) and for amplifying the high spatial frequency information signal.

10. The infrared imaging device according to claim 9 wherein the display means is a cathode ray tube display.