Real-time hierarchal pyramid signal processing apparatus
First Claim
1. Signal processing apparatus responsive to a given temporal signal that defines an information component having a frequency spectrum, said apparatus employing pipe-line architecture for analyzing in delayed real time the frequency spectrum of said information component of said given temporal signal, wherein said component corresponds to information having a given number of dimensions, and wherein said frequency spectrum includes a highest frequency of interest which is no greater than a frequency f0 ;
- said apparatus comprising;
a set of N ordinally arranged sampled-signal translation means (where N is a plural integer), each one of said translation means including first and second input terminals and first and second output terminals;
said first input terminal of each one of said second to said Nth translation means of said set being coupled to said first output terminal of its immediately preceding one of said translation means of said set for forwarding a signal from each one of said translation means to its immediately following one of said translation means of said set;
means for applying said given temporal signal to said first input terminal of the first translation means of said set; and
means for applying a separate sampling frequency clock to the second input terminal of each one of said translation means of said set to derive a sample rate for respective signals derived at said first and second output terminals of that translation means equal to the sampling frequency of the clock applied thereto;
wherein;
each one of said translation means of said set exhibits for said information component a low-pass transfer function between its first input terminal and its first output terminal, said low-pass transfer function of each translation means of said set having a nominal cut-off frequency that is a direct function of the sampling frequency of the clock applied to the second input terminal of that one of said translation means of said set;
the clock applied to the second input terminal of said first translation means of said set has a sampling frequency that (1) is twice f0, and (2) provides for said information component a nominal cut-off frequency for said low-pass transfer function of said first translation means of said set which is less than f0 ;
the clock applied to the second input terminal of each one of said second to Nth translation means of said set has a sampling frequency that (a) is less than the clock frequency applied to the second input terminal of its immediately preceding one of the translation means of said set, (b) is at least equal to twice any frequency of the information component of the signal applied to its first input terminal, and (c) provides a nominal cut-off frequency for its low-pass transfer function which is less than that of its immediately preceding translation means of said set; and
the information component of said signal derived at said second output terminal of each one of said translation means of said set corresponds to a subtractive difference between the information component of the signal applied to said first input terminal thereof and a direct function of the information component of the signal derived at the first output terminal thereof.
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Abstract
Pipe-line architecture is employed for analyzing in delayed real time the frequency spectrum of an information component (having one or more dimensions) of a given temporal signal having a highest frequency of interest of no greater than f0, and/or for synthesizing in delayed real time such a temporal signal from the analyzed frequency spectrum thereof. Such pipe-line architecture is particularly suitable for image-processing the two-dimensional spatial frequencies of television images defined by a temporal video signal.
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Citations
39 Claims
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1. Signal processing apparatus responsive to a given temporal signal that defines an information component having a frequency spectrum, said apparatus employing pipe-line architecture for analyzing in delayed real time the frequency spectrum of said information component of said given temporal signal, wherein said component corresponds to information having a given number of dimensions, and wherein said frequency spectrum includes a highest frequency of interest which is no greater than a frequency f0 ;
- said apparatus comprising;
a set of N ordinally arranged sampled-signal translation means (where N is a plural integer), each one of said translation means including first and second input terminals and first and second output terminals;
said first input terminal of each one of said second to said Nth translation means of said set being coupled to said first output terminal of its immediately preceding one of said translation means of said set for forwarding a signal from each one of said translation means to its immediately following one of said translation means of said set;means for applying said given temporal signal to said first input terminal of the first translation means of said set; and means for applying a separate sampling frequency clock to the second input terminal of each one of said translation means of said set to derive a sample rate for respective signals derived at said first and second output terminals of that translation means equal to the sampling frequency of the clock applied thereto;
wherein;each one of said translation means of said set exhibits for said information component a low-pass transfer function between its first input terminal and its first output terminal, said low-pass transfer function of each translation means of said set having a nominal cut-off frequency that is a direct function of the sampling frequency of the clock applied to the second input terminal of that one of said translation means of said set; the clock applied to the second input terminal of said first translation means of said set has a sampling frequency that (1) is twice f0, and (2) provides for said information component a nominal cut-off frequency for said low-pass transfer function of said first translation means of said set which is less than f0 ; the clock applied to the second input terminal of each one of said second to Nth translation means of said set has a sampling frequency that (a) is less than the clock frequency applied to the second input terminal of its immediately preceding one of the translation means of said set, (b) is at least equal to twice any frequency of the information component of the signal applied to its first input terminal, and (c) provides a nominal cut-off frequency for its low-pass transfer function which is less than that of its immediately preceding translation means of said set; and the information component of said signal derived at said second output terminal of each one of said translation means of said set corresponds to a subtractive difference between the information component of the signal applied to said first input terminal thereof and a direct function of the information component of the signal derived at the first output terminal thereof. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
- said apparatus comprising;
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21. Apparatus for performing real-time spectral analysis comprising:
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a cascade connection of low-pass sampling filters operated at successively lower sampling rates, the input signal to said cascade being the signal upon which spectral analysis is to be performed and the output signal being a remnant low-pass spectrum; means for interleaving the samples of a decimation of a response of each said low-pass sampling filter with nulls and low-pass filtering a resultant interleaved output of said interleaving means to obtain a respective interpolation result; means for delaying the samples of the input to each low-pass filter in said cascade connection in amount equal to a sum of the delay in response to that filter and the delay in the low-pass filtering of that response interleaved with nulls; and means for differentially combining the delayed samples of the input to each low-pass filter in said cascade connection with the interpolation result derived from its response, thereby to provide a respective one of the spectrum analyses of the input signal to said cascade connection.
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22. Apparatus for performing real time spectral analysis of an electric signal regularly sampled at a rate R comprising a plurality, n in number, of analysis stages consecutively cardinally numbered zero through n for providing as a first output signal and a second output signal thereof separate responses to lower frequency components of its input signal and to higher frequency components of its input signal, the one of said analysis stages numbered zero receiving said electric signal for spectral analysis as its input signal and each other of said analysis stages receiving as its input signal the first output signal of the analysis stage with a next lower cardinal number, said second output signals and the first output signal of the analysis stage numbered n providing the spectral analysis, each of said plurality of analysis stages respectively including:
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a first m-stage shift register, m being a positive integer, having the input signal for said analysis stage to its input and being clocked at a clock rate equal to R/2k, k being a cardinal number of the analysis stage; means weighting the input signal of the analysis stage and that input signal as delayed in each stage of said first m-stage shift register by a set of coefficients and summing the weighted signals for generating a linear-phase low-pass-filtered response to said analysis stage input signal, which response is said analysis stage first output signal; a multiplexer operated to alternately select between said analysis stage first output signal and a null value at said R/2.sup.(k-1) rate; a further m-stage shift register having the signal selected by said multiplexer applied to its input and being clocked at said clock rate equal to R/2.sup.(k-1) ; means weighting the selected signal of that analysis stage and that signal as delayed in each stage of said of said further m-stage register by said set of weighting coefficients and summing the weighted signals to obtain a re-sampled first output signal for that analysis stage; and means subtractively combining said re-sampled first output signal for that analysis stage with delayed input signal for that analysis stage, for generating the second output signal for that analysis stage. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24)
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25. A digital filter providing at least one output response and comprising:
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a plurality of clocked delay lines having taps consecutively ordinally numbered; means for clocking said delay lines at successively lower rates as their ordinal numbering increases; means for applying an input signal to be filtered to the input of the first of said plurality of delay lines; respective means for weighting samples from said taps of each delay line and combining the weighted samples to obtain a respective filter response; means for applying the respective filter response derived from the samples taken from each delay line except that with the highest ordinal numbering as input to the delay line with next highest ordinal numbering, at least a portion of the respective filter response derived from the samples taken from the delay line with the highest ordinal numbering being used in the generation of said overall response. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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34. Signal processing apparatus employing pipe-line architecture for synthesizing in delayed real time a single temporal signal from an ordinally-arranged set of N separate temporal signals;
- wherein;
(1) said single temporal signal is comprised of a certain stream of information-component samples that defines the frequency spectrum of information having a given number of dimensions with a particular sample density in each of said dimensions; (2) the first of said ordinally-arranged set of N separate signals is comprised of a stream of information component samples that defines an uppermost portion of the frequency spectrum of said information with a sample density which is substantially the same as said particular sample density in each of said dimensions; (3) each of the second to (N-1)th of said ordinally arranged set of N separate signals is comprised of a stream of information component samples that defines an individual portion of the frequency spectrum of said information in each dimension thereof which is below that of a corresponding dimension of said spectrum of that portion defined by its immediately preceding separate one of the signals of said set and is above that of a corresponding dimension of said spectrum of that portion defined by its immediately following separate one of the signals of said set; (4) said stream of information component samples corresponding to each of the second to (N-1)th of said ordinally arranged set of N separate signals has a sample density for each of its own information dimensions which is smaller than the sample density of the corresponding information dimension of a stream of information component samples corresponding to its immediately preceding separate signal of said set; and (5) said respective streams of information component samples occur in predetermined time skew relationship with respect to one another; said apparatus comprising; a group of (N-1) sampled-signal combining means each of which is individually associated with each of said first to said (N-1)th ordinal ones of said set of separate signals for combining that ordinal one of said set of separate signals with which that combining means is associated with a cumulative total of all those separate signals which follow that ordinal one separate signal in said set;
whereineach of said combining means associated with said first to said (N-2)th ordinal ones of said set of separate signals includes an adder, first means for forwarding its associated ordinal separate signal as a first input to its adder, and second means for forwarding the output of the adder of the combining means associated with a separate signal immediately following its ordinal separate signal as a second input to its adder with the same sample density as that of its ordinal separate signal; said combining means associated with said (N-1)th separate signal of said set includes an adder, said first means for applying said (N-1)th separate signal as a first input to its adder, and third means for applying said Nth separate signal as a second input to its adder with the same sample density as said (N-1)th separate signal; and said respective first means, said respective second means and said third means of said (N-1) combining means of said group inserting respective predetermined amounts of time delay in forwarding said time-skewed separate signals of said set such that, for each of said respective (N-1) combining means, corresponding information samples of the respective streams of information component samples at the first input and at the second input of the adder thereof occur substantially in time coincidence with one another, whereby said synthesized single temporal signal is obtained at the adder output of said combining means associated with said first separate signal of said set. - View Dependent Claims (35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
- wherein;
Specification