Laser device

• US 4,677,639 A
• Filed: 04/21/1980
• Issued: 06/30/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 12/12/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nidek Company Limited
• Original Assignee: Laser Photonics, Inc. (Helionetics, Inc.)
• Inventors: Sasser, Thurman
• Primary Examiner(s): Scott, Jr., Leon
• Application Number:
  US06/142,858
• Time in Patent Office: 2,626 Days
• Field of Search: 331/94.5 C, 331/94.5 D
• US Class Current: 372/93
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/025 of solid state lasers, e.g. housings or mountings
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/08059 Constructional details of the reflector, e.g. shape mirrors in general G02B5/08; mountings for mirrors G02B7/18
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0811 incorporating a dispersive element, e.g. a prism for wavelength selection
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0816 having 4 reflectors, e.g. Z-shaped resonators
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0817 having 5 reflectors, e.g. W-shaped resonators
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/083 Ring lasers fibre ring lasers H01S3/06791
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/115 using intracavity electro-optic devices

Abstract

A laser device having an improved resonator utilizes a single rigid base component for a light reflector coating that defines and forms the end terminals of the resonator cavity, means being provided for translating and reflecting the laser beam between linear light paths that respectively terminate at the mirror surfaces provided by the coating. Various embodiments are shown and in which one or more prisms are used to fold the laser beam between offset and parallel light paths. The end terminal forming mirror surfaces may be coplanar and face in a common direction in the base component, or the mirror surfaces may be provided on opposite side surfaces of the component. Where the base component is made from transparent material the terminals may also be defined by the inside and outside surfaces of the coating. The use of figured surfaces in the unitary structure is contemplated and the use of mirror clusters for folding the beam is also contemplated. The rigid base component may be provided by a prism, a solid state laser rod, the envelope for a fluid lasing medium or any suitable rigid unitary structure that has an appropriate surfaces arrangement for the contemplated use.

Claims

1. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths and including a corner reflector, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a surface, and mirror surface forming means fixed to the surface of said mirror base component and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals.

2. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement in accord with claim 1 wherein the surface of said mirror base component includes a planar surface portion, and wherein said mirror surface forming means is fixed to said planar surface portion and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals.

3. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a surface, and mirror surface forming means fixed to the surface of said mirror base component, the surface of said mirror base component including oppositely facing surface portions, and said mirror surface forming means being fixed to each of said oppositely facing surface portions and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals respectively.

4. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a surface, and mirror surface forming means fixed to the surface of said mirror base component and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals, said rigid unitary mirror base component being a solid state laser rod.

5. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement in accord with claim 4 wherein said solid state laser rod has opposite ends and an end surface that is located at one of said opposite ends and constitutes a portion of the surface of said mirror base component, and wherein said mirror surface forming means is fixed to said end surface and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals.

6. In a laser device having a laser resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a surface, and mirror surface forming means fixed to the surface of said mirror base component and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals, said rigid unitary mirror base component being an envelope for housing a fluid lasing medium.

7. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement in accord with claim 6 wherein said envelope has opposite ends and an end surface that is located at one of said opposite ends and constitutes a portion of the surface of said mirror base component, and wherein said mirror surface forming means is fixed to said end surface and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals.

8. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths and including a corner reflector, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a surface, and mirror surface forming means fixed to the surface of said mirror base component and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals.

9. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 8 wherein said light translating and reflecting means includes a prism.

10. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 9 wherein said prism is a corner prism.

11. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 8 wherein said light translating and reflecting means includes a pair of prisms.

12. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 8 wherein said rigid unitary mirror base component is formed from light transmittable material, and wherein one of said linear light paths extends through said light transmittable material.

13. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths and including a prism, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a surface, and mirror surface forming means fixed to the surface of said mirror base component, said rigid unitary mirror base component being said prism, said prism having a facial surface that constitutes a portion of the surface of said mirror base component, and said mirror surface forming means being fixed to said facial surface and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals.

14. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths and including a pair of prisms, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a surface, and mirror surface forming means fixed to the surface of said mirror base component, said rigid unitary mirror base component being one of said prisms, said one of said prisms having a facial surface constituting a portion of the surface of said mirror base component, and said mirror surface forming means being fixed to said facial surface and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals.

15. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 14 wherein said one of said prisms is a corner prism.

16. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths, a rigid unitary mirror base component that is formed of light transmittable material and has a surface, and mirror surface forming means fixed to the surface of said mirror base component, said mirror surface forming means having oppositely facing mirror surface portions that respectively form and define said opposite end terminals, one of said oppositely facing mirror surface portions being arranged to facially confront the surface of said mirror base component, and said rigid unitary base component being arranged so that one of said linear light paths extends through the light transmittable material thereof.

17. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 16 wherein said light translating and reflecting means includes a prism, wherein said rigid unitary mirror base component is said prism, wherein said prism has a facial surface that constitutes a portion of the surface of said mirror base component, and wherein said one of said oppositely facing mirror surface portions facially confronts the facial surface of said prism.

18. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 16 wherein said rigid unitary mirror base component is a solid state laser rod that includes said lasing medium, wherein said laser rod has opposite ends and an end surface that is located at one of said opposite ends and constitutes a portion of the surface of said mirror base component, and wherein said one of said oppositely facing mirror surface portions facially confronts the end surface of said laser rod.

19. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 16 wherein said lasing medium is a fluid lasing medium, wherein said rigid unitary mirror base component is an envelope that houses said fluid medium, wherein said envelope has opposite ends and an end surface that is located at one of said opposite ends and constitutes a portion of the surface of said mirror base component, and wherein said one of said oppositely facing mirror surface portions facially confronts the end surface of said envelope.

20. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths including a corner reflector, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a planar surface portion, and mirror surface forming means fixed to said planar surface portion and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals.

21. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 20 wherein said pair of linear light paths are parallel to each other and normal to said planar surface portion of said mirror base component.

22. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 21 wherein said pair of linear light paths terminate at said planar surface portion of said mirror base component.

23. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pluraity of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 22 wherein said pair of linear light paths are laterally offset from each other.

24. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 22 wherein said pair of linear light paths extend in opposite directions from the planar surface portion of said mirror base component.

25. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 20 wherein said corner reflector is arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between a parallel and laterally offset pair of said plurality of linear light paths.

26. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 25 wherein said parallel and laterally offset pair of said plurality of linear light paths includes a light path extending through said lasing medium.

27. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 26 wherein said corner reflector is a corner prism.

28. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a planar surface portion, and mirror surface forming means fixed to said planar surface portion and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals, said light translating and reflecting means including a corner prism for translating and reflecting the laser beam between a pair of said plurality of light paths which are laterally offset from and parallel to each other and include a light path that extends through said lasing medium.

29. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 28 wherein said corner prism has a plane facial surface, and wherein said mirror surface forming means has spaced apart mirror surface portions which respectively form and define said opposite end terminals and which generally face in a common direction toward said plane facial surface.

30. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths including a prism for translating and reflecting the laser beam between a pair of said plurality of light paths which are laterally offset from and parallel to each other and include a light path that extends through said lasing medium, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a planar surface portion, and mirror surface forming means fixed to said planar surface portion and thereat arranged to form and define said opposite end terminals, said mirror surface forming means having oppositely facing mirror surface portions which respectively form and define said opposite end terminals.

31. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 30 wherein said rigid unitary base component is a solid state laser rod which includes said lasing medium, wherein said laser rod has an end surface that constitutes the planar surface portion of said mirror base component, and wherein one of said oppositely facing mirror surface portions of said mirror surface forming means facially confronts the end surface of said laser rod.

32. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 30 wherein said lasing medium is fluid, wherein said rigid unitary base component is an envelope for housing the fluid lasing medium, wherein said envelope has an end surface that constitutes the planar surface portion of said mirror base component, and wherein one of said oppositely facing mirror surface portions of said mirror surface forming means facially confronts the end surface of said envelope.

33. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, a lasing medium arranged in the cavity, and means for pumping energy into the medium to provide a laser beam in the cavity, the improvement in accord with claim 30 wherein said rigid unitary mirror base component is said prism, and wherein said prism has a plane facial surface that constitutes said planar surface portion.

34. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths including a corner reflector, a rigid unitary mirror base component having a surface, and coating means fixed to the surface of said mirror base component and having spaced apart mirror surfaces that respectively define and form said opposite end terminals.

35. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement in accord with claim 34 wherein said corner reflector is a corner prism having a plane facial surface which is arranged in the light path of at least one of the pair of linear light paths that terminate at said opposite end terminals.

36. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement in accord with claim 35 which further comprises an elongated laser rod, and wherein said one of the pair of linear light paths extends through said laser rod.

37. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a plurality of linear light paths therebetween which include a pair of linear light paths that respectively terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement in accord with claim 34 wherein said corner reflector is a corner prism which is arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between another pair of said plurality of linear light paths.

38. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement comprising light translating and reflecting means arranged to continuously translate and reflect the laser beam between said pair of linear light paths, a rigid unitary mirror base component made from light transmittable material and having a surface, and coating means fixed to the surface of said mirror base component and having oppositely facing mirror surface portions that respectively form and define said opposite end terminals.

39. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement in accord with claim 38 wherein said light translating and reflecting means comprises a prism and wherein said mirror base component is said prism.

40. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement in accord with claim 38 which further comprises a solid state laser rod and wherein said mirror base component is said solid state laser rod.

41. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement in accord with claim 40 wherein said light translating and reflecting means comprises a porro prism.

42. In a laser device having a laser beam resonator with a folded optical cavity that has opposite end terminals and a pair of linear light paths that terminate at said opposite end terminals, the improvement in accord with claim 38 which further comprises an envelope for a fluid lasing medium and wherein said mirror base component is said envelope.