Implantable gas-containing biosensor and method for measuring an analyte such as glucose
First Claim
1. A device for sensing a product or reactant of an enzyme reaction with an analyte as a measure of the analyte comprisinga gas permeable membrane having opposed sides,an enzyme on one side of said membrane for enzymatic reaction with the analyte in presence of oxygen to provide the product or reactant,a closed container for containing oxygen on the opposite side of said membrane to supply oxygen through said membrane for the enzymatic reaction, andmeans for sensing the product or reactant as a function of the analyte.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a novel implantable biosensor and method for sensing products, such as hydrogen peroxide, generated from an enzymatic reaction between an analyte, like glucose, and an enzyme in the presence of oxygen. The novel implantable biosensor is uniquely equipped with an enclosed chamber for containing oxygen and can be adapted for extracting oxygen from animal tissue adjacent the container. The reservoir of oxygen contained in the enclosed chamber is supplied to the enzymatic reaction from the side of the membrane opposite the enzyme. The enclosed chamber is uniquely designed to be impermeable to substances, like liquid and cells, that possibly can interfere with the supply of the oxygen permeating through the membrane to the enzymatic reaction. Also, the implantable biosensor is designed to optically or electrically sense products generated from the enzymatic reaction which serve as a function of the analyte.
835 Citations
45 Claims
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1. A device for sensing a product or reactant of an enzyme reaction with an analyte as a measure of the analyte comprising
a gas permeable membrane having opposed sides, an enzyme on one side of said membrane for enzymatic reaction with the analyte in presence of oxygen to provide the product or reactant, a closed container for containing oxygen on the opposite side of said membrane to supply oxygen through said membrane for the enzymatic reaction, and means for sensing the product or reactant as a function of the analyte.
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20. A device for sensing a product or reactant of an enzyme reaction with an analyte in presence of oxygen which functions as a measure of the analyte comprising
an enclosed chamber adapted for containing oxygen comprising a wall structure defining a hollow interior and having an external surface wherein at least a portion of the external surface has the enzyme associated therewith for the enzymatic reaction, the wall structure being adapted for allowing oxygen to permeate therethrough to supply oxygen for the enzymatic reaction, an analyte permeable membrane overlying the enzyme and connected to said chamber for allowing the analyte to permeate therethrough to supply the analyte for the enzymatic reaction, and means for sensing the product or reactant of the enzymatic reaction which functions as a measure of the analyte.
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35. An electroenzymatic glucose device for sensing hydrogen peroxide generated from an enzymatic reaction of glucose and glucose oxidase in presence of oxygen which functions as a measure of glucose comprising
an enclosed organosilicone polymer chamber adapted for containing oxygen comprising a wall structure defining a hollow interior and having an external surface, glucose oxidase contiguous with at least a portion of the external surface for the enzymatic reaction, the wall structure of said chamber being adapted for allowing oxygen present in said chamber to permeate therethrough to said glucose oxidase for the enzymatic reaction, a cellulose membrane overlying said glucose oxidase and connected to said chamber for allowing glucose to permeate therethrough to said glucose oxidase for the enzymatic reaction, and a platinum anode in contact with the glucose oxidase for electrolytically sensing hydrogen peroxide generated from the enzymatic reaction which functions as a measure of the glucose.
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41. A method of sensing a product or reactant of an enzyme reaction with an analyte as a measure of the analyte comprising
providing a gas permeable membrane having opposed sides, providing an enzyme on one side of the membrane for enzymatic reaction with the analyte in presence of oxygen to generate the product or reactant, providing a closed container containing oxygen on the opposite side of the membrane to supply oxygen through the membrane for the enzymatic reaction, and sensing the product or reactant which functions as a measure of the analyte.
Specification