Automatic medicament ingredient mixing and injecting apparatus

• US 4,689,042 A
• Filed: 05/20/1985
• Issued: 08/25/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 05/20/1985
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Meridian Medical Technologies Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Survival Technology, Inc. (Meridian Medical Technologies Incorporated)
• Inventors: Karcher, Daniel W., Tarello, William R., Lopez, Claudio, Sarnoff, Stanley J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pellegrino, Stephen C.
• Application Number:
  US06/735,995
• Time in Patent Office: 827 Days
• Field of Search: 604/82, 604/87, 604/88, 604/89, 604/90, 604/91, 604/135, 604/136, 604/139, 604/148, 604/157, 604/85, 604/86, 604/92
• US Class Current: 604/89
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/2013 triggering of discharging means by contact of injector with patient body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/206 With automatic needle insertion
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/2073 preventing premature release, e.g. by making use of a safety lock
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/31598 having multiple telescopically sliding coaxial pistons encompassing volumes for components to be mixed
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/19 having more than one chamber , e.g. including a manifold coupling two parallelly aligned syringes through separate channels to a common discharge assembly surgical glue applicators A61B17/00491
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/2066 comprising means for injection of two or more media, e.g. by mixing
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/2448 comprising means for injection of two or more media, e.g. by mixing

Abstract

An automatic injector apparatus comprising an outer housing assembly, a hypodermic needle, first and second containers, a first liquid medicament ingredient in the first container and a second medicament ingredient in the second container, first and second pistons in the first and second containers respectively, a releasable stressed spring arrangement capable of being released twice, once for movement through a first piston moving stroke and second through a second piston moving stroke, a first releasing device operable in response to a first predetermined actuating procedure for accomplishing a first release of the spring arrangement so as to effect movement of the first piston through a liquid medicament ingredient moving stroke causing the liquid medicament ingredient to mix with the medicament ingredient in the second container to form liquid medicament and a second releasing device operable in response to a second actuating procedure for accomplishing a second release of the spring arrangement so as to effect movement of the second piston through an operative stroke causing the hypodermic needle to be moved into the muscle tissue of the patient and the liquid medicament to be moved through the needle into the muscle tissue of the patient.

Claims

1. An automatic injecting apparatus comprising

an outer housing assembly including therein first and second medicament ingredient containers,

a hypodermic needle disposed within said outer housing assembly for movement from a storage position in a sterile condition outwardly of said outer housing assembly into the muscle tissue of a patient for passage of liquid medicament therethrough and into the muscle tissue of the patient,

a first liquid medicament ingredient in said first container,

a first piston mounted in said first container in a storage position in sealingly retaining relation with respect to said liquid medicament ingredient therein for movement from said storage postion relatively through said first container in a liquid medicament ingredient moving stroke,

a second medicament ingredient in said second container,

a second piston mounted in said second container for movement from a liquid medicament moving position through said second container in a liquid medicament discharging stroke,

spring means disposed within said outer housing assembly in a storage position in a releasable stressed condition capable of being released twice, first to move through a first piston moving stroke causing said first piston to move through its liquid medicament ingredient moving stroke and second to move through a second piston moving stroke causing said second piston to move through its liquid medicament discharging stroke,

first releasing means operable in response to a first predetermined manual actuating procedure for effecting the first release of the stressed condition of said spring means,

means operable when said first piston is moved through its liquid medicament ingredient moving stroke by the first release of the stressed condition of said spring means for causing the first liquid medicament ingredient discharging from said first container to flow into said second container to mix with the second medicament ingredient contained therein to form liquid medicament, and

second releasing means operable in response to a second predetermined manual actuating procedure for effecting the second release of the stressed condition of said spring means so as to cause said second piston to move through its liquid medicament discharging stroke during which said hypodermic needle is moved into the muscle tissue of the patient and the liquid medicament is moved through said needle into the muscle tissue of the patient.

2. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 1 including means for sealingly preventing flow of liquid outwardly of said needle while said needle is in its storage position operable after said needle is moved from said storage position to permit flow of liquid medicament outwardly of said needle, and second sealing means for preventing communication of said first liquid medicament ingredient with the second medicament ingredient in said second container operable in response to the release of the stressed condition of said spring means for permitting communication of the liquid medicament ingredient with the second medicament ingredient in said second container.

3. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said second piston is disposed in a storage position spaced from its liquid medicament moving position and is moved from its storage position into its liquid medicament moving position in response to the movement of the liquid medicament ingredient into said second container.

4. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 3 including means (1) for maintaining the space within said second container between the storage position of said second piston and the medicament moving position thereof in a sterile condition while said second piston is in said storage position and (2) for venting said space to atmosphere to allow movement of the second piston from said storage position into said liquid medicament moving position without air pressure build up capable of biasing said second piston away from said liquid medicament moving position toward said storage position after being moved into the liquid medicament moving position.

5. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said needle is mounted within said second container with the second medicament ingredient which is in dry form having a volume substantially less than the volume of said second container forwardly of said second piston when in its storage position, the aforesaid second container volume less the volume of said dry form medicament ingredient and said needle being filled with a gas, the gas within said second container being compressed during a first part of the liquid medicament discharging stroke of said second piston after which said needle is moved out of said second container into the muscle tissue of the patient and during the latter liquid medicament is moved out of the needle and into the muscle tissue of the patient.

6. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 5 including safety means (1) disposed in a safety position for rendering said first and second releasing means inoperable to release said spring means in response to said first and second actuating procedures respectively and (2) movable from said safety position for enabling said first and second releasing means to be operable to release said spring means in response to said first and second actuating procedures respectively.

7. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein said spring means includes first and second stressed spring assemblies, each of said stressed spring assemblies comprising an elongated plunger having a plurality of annularly spaced elongated fingers connected with the rearward end of said plunger for radially inward movement from a plunger retaining position into a plunger releasing position, said fingers having exterior plunger retaining surfaces and interior plunger releasing surfaces, and a coil spring operatively connected with said plunger for movement from a storage position in a releasable stressed condition through a forward plunger moving stroke in response to the release of the stressed conditon thereof, each of said releasing means comprising a releasing pin (1) disposed in a storage position in engagement with the associated interior plunger retaining surfaces in radially inward movement preventing relation with respect to the associated fingers and (2) operable in response to movement out of said storage position to permit radially inward movement of the associated fingers, and cooperating plunger retaining surface means engaging the exterior plunger retaining surfaces associated with each plunger for (1) retaining (a) the associated plunger against forward movement and (b) the associated spring in stressed condition when the associated releasable pin is in said storage position and (2) for enabling the stressed condition of the associated spring to effect (a) radially inward movement of the associated fingers and (b) forward movement of the associated plunger in response to the movement of the associated releasing pin out of said storage position and the movement of the associated spring through said forward plunger moving stroke.

8. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein said second releasing pin includes a movement preventing portion disposed in engagement with the associated interior plunger retaining surfaces when said second releasing pin is in said storage position, an actuating button spaced rearwardly from said movement preventing portion and movable forwardly to move the latter out of its storage position and a movement enabling portion fixed between said movement preventing portion and said actuating button for permitting radially inward movement of the associated fingers when said actuating button is moved forwardly.

9. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 8 wherein said safety means includes a safety cap having a rear wall and a forwardly extending skirt, means mounting said safety cap on said outer housing assembly for movement by a manual push while gripping said skirt from a safety position wherein said rear wall is rearwardly of said actuating button into a forward actuating positiion wherein said actuating button is moved forwardly, and a safety key member removably mounted from a safety position preventing movement of said safety cap forwardly from its safety position, said safety key being fixed to said first releasing pin, said first predetermined actuating procedure comprising removing said safety key, said second predetermined actuating procedure comprising manually pushing said skirt while gripping the same.

10. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said first and second containers are formed by a single outer housing member having first and second parallel cylindrical and second (1) medicament ingredients are contained and (2) pistons are slidably sealingly mounted.

11. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein said means for causing said first liquid medicament ingredient to flow into said second container comprises a passage in said single housing member between said first and second cavities, said second sealing means comprising a piston valve disposed in a storage position within said first cavity in sealing relation between the first liquid medicament ingredient and said passage and movable forwardly from said storage position to communicate the first liquid medicament ingredient with said passage.

12. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 11 wherein said needle flow preventing means comprises a forward stopper in the forward end of said second container through which said needle extends during its movement out of its storage position into the muscle tissue of the patient.

13. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein said means for causing said first liquid medicament ingredient to flow into said second container comprises a passage in said single housing member between said first and second cavities, and a piston valve disposed in a storage position within said first cavity in sealing relation between the first liquid medicament ingredient and said passage operable in response to ingredient and said passage operable in response to the first release of the stressed condition of said spring to move forwardly from said storage position to communicate the first liquid medicament ingredient with said passage.

14. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said needle flow preventing means comprises a resilient sheath receiving a sharpened end portion of the needle in sealing relation and covering the exterior thereof, said resilient sheath being operable during the movement of the needle out of its storage position to permit the sharpened end portion of said needle to penetrate through said resilient sheath and to thereafter be compressed against said outer housing assembly to resiliently arrest the movement of said needle outwardly of said outer housing assembly and into the muscle tissue of the patient.

15. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said needle flow preventing means comprises a forward stopper in the forward end of said second container through which said needle extends during its movement out of its storage position into the muscle tissue of the patient.

16. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said spring means includes separate first and second stressed spring assemblies separately movable through said first and second piston moving strokes respectively.

17. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 16 wherein said needle is fixedly connected with rigid inner housing structure mounted in said outer housing assembly for movement from a storage position within said outer housing assembly into an injecting position within said outer housing assembly.

18. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 17 wherein said first spring assembly is operatively conected between said inner housing structure and said first piston.

19. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 18 including means for (1) fixedly securing said first and second containers together and (2) fixedly securing said first and second containers to said inner housing structure

20. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 17 including means for (1) fixedly securing said first and second containers together and (2) securing said first and second containers for movement together with respect to said inner housing structure from a storage position into a mixing position wherein both of said containers are thereafter movable with said inner housing structure.

21. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 20 wherein each of said containers includes forward ends having rupturable diaphragms sealingly covering the same when said containers are in said storage position, and means for rupturing said diaphragms in response to the movement of said containers together from said storage position into said mixing position.

22. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said spring means includes a single stressed spring assembly movable sequentially through said first and second piston moving strokes.

23. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said first container is arranged in telescoping relation within said second container within said outer housing assembly when in a storage position.

24. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 20 wherein said first container is fixed at its forward end with said second piston.

25. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 1 including safety means (1) disposed in a safety position for rendering said first and second releasing means inoperable to release said spring means in response to said first and second actuating procedures respectively and (2) movable from said safety position for enabling said first and second releasing means to be operable to release said spring means in response to said first and second actuating procedures respectively.

26. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 25 wherein said spring means includes first and second stressed spring assemblies, each of said stressed spring assemblies comprising an elongated plunger having a plurality of annularly spaced elongated fingers connected with the rearward end of said plunger for radially inward movement from a plunger retaining position into a plunger releasing position, said fingers having exterior plunger retaining surfaces and interior plunger releasing surfaces, and a coil spring operatively connected with said plunger for movement from a storage position in a releasable stressed condition through a forward plunger moving stroke in response to the release of the stressed conditon thereof, each of said releasing means comprising a releasing pin (1) disposed in a storage position in engagement with the associated interior plunger retaining surfaces in radially inward movement preventing relation with respect to the associated fingers and (2) operable in response to movement out of said storage position to permit radially inward movement of the associated fingers, and cooperating plunger retaining surface means engaging the exterior plunger retaining surfaces associated with each plunger for (1) retaining (a) the associated plunger against forward movement and (b) the associated spring in stressed condition when the associated releasable pin is in said storage position and (2) for enabling the stressed condition of the associated spring to effect (a) radially inward movement of the associated fingers and (b) forward movement of the associated plunger in response to the movement of the associated releasing pin out of said storage position and the movement of the associated spring through said forward plunger moving stroke.

27. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 26 wherein said second releasing pin includes a movement preventing portion disposed in engagement with the associated interior plunger retaining surfaces when said second said releasing pin is in said storage position, an actuating button spaced rearwardly from said movement preventing portion and movable forwardly to move the latter out of its storage position and a movement enabling portion fixed between said movement preventing portion and said actuating button for permitting radially inward movement of the associated fingers when said actuating button is moved forwardly.

28. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 27 wherein said safety means includes a removable safety cap mounted on said outer assembly housing in covering relation with respect to said actuating button and in fixed relation to said first releasing pin, said first predetermined manual actuating procedure comprising removing said safety cap, said second predetermined actuating procedure comprising pushing said actuating button forwardly.

29. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 28 wherein said safety means includes a safety cap having a rear wall and a forwardly extending skirt, means mounting said safety cap on said outer housing assembly for movement by a manual push while gripping said skirt from a safety position wherein said rear wall is rearwardly of said actuating button into a forward actuating position wherein said actuating button is moved forwardly, and a safety key member removably mounted from a safety position preventing movement of said safety cap forwardly from its safety position, said safety key being fixed to said first releasing pin, said first predetermined actuating procedure comprising removing said safety key, said second predetermined actuating procedure comprising manually pushing said skirt while gripping the same.

30. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said second piston is disposed in a storage position spaced from its liquid medicament moving position and is moved from its storage position into its liquid medicament moving position in response to the movement of the liquid medicament ingredient into said second container.

31. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 30 including means (1) for maintaining the space within said second container between the storage position of said second piston and the medicament moving position thereof in a sterile condition while said second piston is in said storage position and (2) for venting said space to atmosphere to allow movement of the second piston from said storage position into said liquid medicament moving position without air pressure build up capable of biasing said second position toward said storage position after being moved into the liquid medicament moving position.

32. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 30 wherein said needle is mounted within said second container with the second medicament ingredient which is in dry form having a volume substantially less than the volume of said second container forwardly of said second piston when in its storage position, the aforesaid second container volume less the volume of said dry form medicament ingredient and said needle being filled with a gas, the gas within said second container being compressed during a first part of the liquid medicament discharging stroke of said second piston after which said needle is moved out of said second container into the muscle tissue of the patient and during the latter liquid medicament is moved out of the needle and into the muscle tissue of the patient.

33. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 32 wherein said first and second containers are formed by a single outer housing member having first and second parallel cylindrical cavities therein within which the respective first and second (1) medicament ingredients are contained and (2) pistons are slidably sealingly mounted.

34. An automatic injecting apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said medicament ingredient within said second container is in a dry form and said liquid medicament ingredient is a diluent for said dry form medicament ingredient.