Dual spectrum frequency responding fire sensor

• US 4,691,196 A
• Filed: 03/23/1984
• Issued: 09/01/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 03/23/1984
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Santa Barbara Research Center
• Original Assignee: Santa Barbara Research Center
• Inventors: Kern, Mark T., Shamordola, Kenneth A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Rowland, James L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mullen, Jr., Thomas J.
• Application Number:
  US06/592,611
• Time in Patent Office: 1,257 Days
• Field of Search: 340/578, 340/577, 340/600, 250/339, 250/554, 356/315
• US Class Current: 340/578
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 2229/08 detecting flame flicker
• CPC Class Codes: F23N 5/082 using electronic means
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/12 Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions

Abstract

Apparatus for sensing the existence of a fire and providing a warning, if desired, with improved discrimination against the possibility of false alarms. Dual channel detectors are used, one detector being set to respond to incident radiation having a wavelength in the range of 0.8 to 1.1 microns while the other wavelength range is significantly displaced therefrom, being selected for wavelengths in the range from 14 to 25 microns. Reliability of true signal detection is further improved by the provision of separate flame flicker bandpass filters in the respective channels, these bandpass filters being set for different passbands. Circuits providing ratio discrimination, threshold detectors and delay circuitry are combined with the dual spectrum detectors and disparate flicker frequency filters to achieve improved performance. In addition, the dynamic range of instrument sensitivity is substantially increased by utilizing preamplifiers with wide gain variability controlled by automatic gain control circuits in the dual channel circuitry.

Claims

1. A dual channel fire sensor circuit comprising:

a first detector adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to long wavelength radiation;

a second detector adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to short wavelength radiation;

first and second signal channels coupled respectively to the first and second detectors, each of said channels having a bandpass filter and a threshold circuit in series with the output of the corresponding detector; and

means for providing a signal indicative of the detection of radiation in response to corresponding electrical signals at the output of the threshold circuits of both channels;

wherein the passband of the bandpass filter in said first signal channel is approximately 2-5 Hz and the passband of the bandpass filter in said second signal channel is approximately 6-12 Hz.

2. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the spectral ranges for the long wavelength detector and the short wavelength detector are substantially displaced from each other.

3. The circuit of claim 2 wherein the spectral range of the long wavelength detector is approximately 14 to 25 microns and wherein the spectral range of the short wavelength detector is approximately 0.8 to 1.1 microns.

4. A dual channel fire sensor circuit comprising:

a first detector adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to long wavelength radiation;

a second detector adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to short wavelength radiation;

a plurality of dual narrowband channels connected in parallel to said first and second detectors for processing said electrical signals, each of said plurality of dual narrowband channels comprising first and second signal processing paths including a narrowband filter at each of the inputs thereof of like passband characteristics, a threshold circuit coupled in series with the output of said narrowband filter and logic means for providing an output signal in response to corresponding electrical signals at the outputs of the threshold circuits of both of said first and second signal processing paths;

the narrowband filters in any one of said plurality of dual narrowband channels being different and non-overlapping in passband characteristics from the narrowband filters in the other of said dual narrowband channels;

a pair of pre-amplifiers coupled to the outputs of the corresponding radiation detectors, each pre-amplifier having a large gain variability, and automatic gain control circuitry coupled to said amplifiers for controlling the gain thereof in response to the level of signals developed in the signal paths of one of said channels; and

output gating means responsive to said output signals for providing a signal indicative of the detection of radiation.

5. A dual channel fire sensor circuit comprising:

a first detector adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to long wavelength radiation;

a second detector adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to short wavelength radiation;

a plurality of dual narrowband channels connected in parallel to said first and second detectors for processing said electrical signals, each of said plurality of dual narrowband channels comprising first and second signal processing paths including a narrowband filter at each of the inputs thereof of like passband characteristics, a threshold circuit coupled in series with the output of said narrowband filter and logic means for providing an output signal in response to corresponding electrical signals at the outputs of the threshold circuits of both of said first and second signal processing paths;

the narrowband filters in any one of said plurality of dual narrowband channels being different and non-overlapping in passband characteristics from the narrowband filters in the other of said dual narrowband channels;

each of said plurality of dual narrowband channels including a pair of ratio comparators respectively connected in series with the signal paths of said channel and interconnected to provide a ratio window above and below which the short-to-long wavelength signal amplitude ratio does not develop a fire detection signal; and

output gating means responsive to said output signals for providing a signal indicative of the detection of radiation.

6. The circuitry of claim 5 wherein the threshold circuits are connected in said paths in parallel with a corresponding ratio comparator and provide output signals to said logic means.

7. The circuit of claim 6 wherein said output gating means comprises an OR logic gate to develop a signal corresponding to the sensing of radiation from a fire source by any one of said dual narrowband channels.

8. The circuit of claim 7 further including a delay stage coupled in series with the output of said OR logic gate to protect against fire warning signals resulting from transient conditions.

9. A dual channel fire sensor circuit comprising:

a first detector adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to long wavelength radiation;

a second detector adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to short wavelength radiation;

a plurality of dual narrowband channels connected in parallel to said first and second detectors for processing said electrical signals, each of said plurality of dual narrowband channels comprising first and second signal processing paths including a narrowband filter at each of the inputs thereof of like passband characteristics, a threshold circuit coupled in series with the output of said narrowband filter and logic means for providing an output signal in response to corresponding electrical signals at the outputs of the threshold circuits of both of said first and second signal processing paths;

the narrowband filters in any one of said plurality of dual narrowband channels being different and non-overlapping in passband characteristics from the narrowband filters in the other of said dual narrowband channels;

output gating means responsive to said output signals for providing a signal indicative of the detection of radiation; and

a pair of periodic signal detectors connected to said first and second detectors in respective parallel circuit paths with a pair of dual narrowband channel stages and coupled to inhibit said output gating means in the event of the detection of periodic signals by either of said periodic signal detectors.

10. The circuit of claim 9 wherein each of said plurality of dual narrowband channels includes a pair of ratio comparators respectively connected in series with the signal paths of said channel and interconnected to provide a ratio window above and below which the short to long wavelength signal amplitude ratio does not develop a fire detection signal.

11. The circuit of claim 10 wherein each periodic signal detector is associated with one corresponding narrowband channel through connection of the outputs thereof to a common logic gate and further including circuit means cross-coupling the output of the periodic signal detector associated with one of said narrowband channels with the ratio comparator and threshold circuit stages of the other narrowband channel.

12. The circuit of claim 11 wherein the first detector is a long wavelength detector responsive to infrared radiation and the second detector is a short wavelength detector responsive to optical radiation, and wherein the periodic signal detector connected to said second detector operates to increase the threshold in the signal path of said first detector upon detecting a short wavelength periodic signal in order to protect against generating a false fire detection signal resulting from periodic radiation.

13. The circuit of claim 12 wherein the output of each narrowband channel and the output of an associated periodic signal detector path are applied as paired inputs to a corresponding AND gate, and further including an OR gate and a delay stage connected in series to provide an output fire warning signal, the OR gate being connected to the outputs of the respective AND gates to cause an output signal to be developed upon either of the AND gate outputs being true.

14. A fire sensor circuit comprising:

first and second detectors responsive to radiation from a fire source, each detector being responsive to radiation in a different spectral range and effective to generate electrical signals corresponding thereto;

a plurality of electrical signal channels coupled to said detectors, each channel including signal paths equal in number to the number of detectors, each path being coupled to a corresponding one of said detectors and including a bandpass filter and threshold circuit in series, the bandpass filters in signal paths within a given channel being selected to have like passband characteristics but different from and non-overlapping with respect to the passband characteristics of the bandpass filters in other channels, a ratio comparator cross-coupled between the signal paths and in parallel with the threshold circuits, said ratio comparator comprising a pair of amplifiers having dual inputs, one input of each amplifier being connected directly to an associated signal path and the other input being connected through a voltage divider to the other signal path in order to combine signals from the two signal paths in a selected signal ratio in each amplifier; and

means for providing a signal indicative of the detection of radiation from a fire source in response to corresponding electrical signals at the outputs of the respective threshold circuits.

15. The circuit of claim 14 wherein the detectors are two in number and are, respectively, a long wavelength detector and a short wavelength detector, and further including variable gain amplifiers individually connected between a detector and associated signal paths of the electrical signal channels.

16. The circuit of claim 14 wherein the outputs of the ratio comparator amplifiers and the outputs of the threshold circuits are applied to a logical AND circuit.

17. The circuit of claim 14 further including a pair of periodic signal detectors coupled respectively to the long wavelength detector and the short wavelength detector, and an AND logic circuit coupled to combine the outputs of the two signal channels and the two periodic signal detectors, each periodic signal detector being connected in series with a signal inverter in order to inhibit the AND logic circuit upon the detection of periodic signals in either wavelength range.

18. The circuit of claim 17 further including a pair of AND logic circuits and means connecting the signal channels and the periodic signal detectors by pairs to a corresponding one of the AND logic circuits, the output of the periodic signal detector of one pair being interconnected with ratio detector and threshold circuits of the signal channel of the other pair such that the detection of periodic signal radiation in one wavelength range raises the threshold for signals corresponding to radiation in the other wavelength range.

19. A fire sensor circuit comprising:

first and second detectors responsive to radiation from a fire source, each detector being responsive to radiation in a different spectral range and effective to generate electrical signals corresponding thereto;

first and second spectrum analyzing means connected respectively to said first and second detectors for receiving the electrical signals therefrom, said first and second spectrum analyzing means each having a plurality of like frequency output ports corresponding to different preselected frequencies and being adapted to produce output signals at one or more of said frequency output ports in accordance with the frequency content of said electrical signal from said respective detector; and

a corresponding plurality of ratio comparators for receiving the output signals from corresponding frequency output ports from said first and second spectrum analyzing means for generating an output fire warning signal upon the detection of incident radiation of like flicker frequency by said first and second detectors.

20. The circuit of claim 19 wherein each of said plurality of output frequency signals from said first and second spectrum analyzing means is further provided to signal processing means comprising a ratio detector and threshold detector for generating an output signal indicating detection of a fire upon receiving a combination of discrete frequency signals from either of said first or second spectrum analyzing means corresponding to a fire.

21. The circuit of claim 20 further including means for inhibiting said signal processing means upon the detection of periodic radiation signals by the corresponding spectrum analyzing means.

22. The circuit of claim 21 further including means for inhibiting the outputs of the ratio comparators upon detection of periodic signal radiation in either of said first or second spectrum analyzing means.

23. The circuit of claim 22 further including output means for developing an output fire signal upon the sensing of a fire detection signal by either of the signal processing means or by a ratio comparator.