Method and apparatus of flow analysis

• US 4,696,183 A
• Filed: 02/28/1986
• Issued: 09/29/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 03/01/1985
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Mitsumaki, Hiroshi, Ono, Naoya, Shindo, Isao, Takano, Nobuyoshi
• Primary Examiner(s): NOLAND, THOMAS
• Application Number:
  US06/834,806
• Time in Patent Office: 578 Days
• Field of Search: 73/864.85, 73/864.87, 73/863.01, 73/19, 204/409, 204/411, 204/435, 204/401, 204/422, 204/1 T, 204/1 Y, 204/415, 204/402, 204/400
• US Class Current: 205/778.5
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/4915 using flow cells flow cytometry G01N15/14
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/492 Determining multiple analytes

Abstract

A flow path in a flow analyzing apparatus is branched into two or more branch flow paths. In one of the branch flow paths, a flow path blockage detector and an electrolyte measuring electrode are disposed, and in the other branch flow path, a gas measuring electrode is disposed. When a liquid sample is introduced into the flow paths from a sampling nozzle of the common flow path, the blockage detector detects whether a blockage is occuring. If the blockage is detected, the blockage is removed by feeding a cleaning fluid into the common flow path in a direction opposite to the flow of the sample. Following this, the sample is introduced into the other branch flow path. By this operation, the pressure in the other branch flow path is not reduced abnormally, and thus normal operation of the gas measuring electrode can be maintained.

Claims

1. An apparatus of flow analysis comprising:

a common flow path having a sample introducing nozzle;

a plurality of branch flow paths each connected to said common flow path;

means for detecting a flow path blockage, said means being disposed in a first branch flow path;

means for removing the blockage by cleaning said common flow path when said flow path blockage is detected by said flow path blockage detecting means;

a measuring electrode disposed in a second branch flow path, said measuring electrode being apt to be affected by a pressure change in the flow path; and

means for introducing a sample into said second branch flow path after the blockage in said common flow path is removed.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in said first branch flow path, a measuring electrode which is not easily affected by the pressure change in the flow path is disposed.

3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said measuring electrode in said first branch flow path is an electrolyte measuring electrode, and said measuring electrode in said second branch flow path is a gas measuring electrode.

4. An apparatus according to claim 3 which further comprises means for supplying an electrolyte standard liquid in said first branch flow path and means for supplying a gas measuring standard liquid to said second branch flow path.

5. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein in each of said first and second branch flow paths, a hemoglobin measuring photometer is disposed.

6. An apparatus according to claim 2 which further comprises a flow path for supplying a standard liquid toward the measuring electrode in said first branch flow path and a deaerating means for removing air in said standard liquid through a wall of said standard liquid supplying flow path.

7. A method of flow analysis, the method comprising the steps of:

causing a common flow path to communicate with a first branch flow path by valve means, and shutting off a path between said common flow path and a second branch flow path by said valve means;

introducing a liquid sample into said common flow path while said common flow path is communicating with said first branch flow path;

measuring whether said liquid sample has reached a predetermined position in said first branch flow path from said common flow path within a predetermined time;

cleaning said common flow path with a cleaning fluid when said liquid sample has not reached said predetermined position within said predetermined time;

shutting off a path between said common flow path and said first branch flow path, and causing said common flow path to communicate with said second branch flow path; and

introducing said liquid sample into said second branch flow path from said common flow path while said common flow path is communicating with said second branch flow path, and thereafter detecting a gas contained in said liquid sample with a gas measuring electrode disposed in said second branch flow path.

8. A method according to claim 7 wherein in said step of cleaning, a direction of flow of the cleaning fluid is opposite to a direction of introducing the sample.

9. A method according to claim 7 further comprising a step of cleaning an inner wall and an outer wall of said sample introducing section.

10. A method according to claim 7, wherein, in said step of detecting the gas, said liquid sample is brought into contact with said gas measuring electrode, and a reference liquid is supplied to a reference electrode disposed in said second branch flow path.

11. A method of flow analysis, the method comprising the steps of:

causing a common flow path having a sample intake tube to communicate with a first branch flow path having a sample liquid detector and an electrolyte measuring electrode, and shutting off a path between said common path and a second branch flow path having a gas measuring electrode;

introducing a liquid sample into said common flow path while said common flow path is communicating with said first branch flow path;

measuring whether said liquid sample has reached a position of measurement by said sample detector in said first branch flow path from said common flow path within a predetermined time;

cleaning said flow path with a cleaning fluid when said liquid sample has not reached said position of measurement within said predetermined time;

following said cleaning step, introducing said liquid sample into said first branch flow path from said common flow path, and detecting ions contained in said liquid sample with said electrolyte measuring electrode;

shutting off the path between said common flow path and said first branch flow path, and causing said common flow path to communicate with said second branch flow path; and

introducing said liquid sample into said second branch flow path from said common flow path while said common flow path is communicating with said second branch flow path; and

detecting a gas contained in said liquid sample with said gas measuring electrode.

12. An apparatus for flow analysis, the apparatus comprising:

a common flow path provided with a sample intake tube;

a first flow path disposed with a sample liquid detector;

a second flow path disposed with a gas measuring electrode;

means for supplying a cleaning liquid to said common path;

valve means for causing said common flow path to communicate with or be shut off from said first flow path, for causing said common flow path to communicate with or be shut off from said second flow path, and for directing a flow of said cleaning fluid to said common flow path;

control means for controlling said valve means so that said common flow path communicates with said first flow path and, at the same time, said common flow path is shut off from said second flow path for at least a predetermined time, said control means additionally controlling said cleaning liquid supplying means to supply the cleaning liquid when no signal is received from said sample liquid detector until a predetermined time period elapses, said control means further controlling said valve means so that said common flow path is shut off from said first flow path and, at the same time, said common flow path communicates with said second flow path after a liquid sample is introduced to a position of detection by said sample liquid detector;

means for introducing said liquid sample into said second flow path from said common flow path while said common flow path is communicating with said second flow path; and

means for displaying a result of a measurement of the gas based on a detection signal from said gas measuring electrode which detects the gas contained in said gas sample introduced into said second flow path.

13. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein an electrolyte measuring electrode is further disposed in said first flow path.

14. An apparatus according to claim 13, wherein second valve means are disposed at a position downstream of said sample liquid detector and said electrolyte measuring electrode, and said second valve means opens said second flow path to the atmosphere.