Interpolator for television special effects system

• US 4,700,232 A
• Filed: 10/24/1986
• Issued: 10/13/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 10/24/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Grass Valley USA LLC (Vislink Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: The Grass Valley Group, Inc. (Belden Inc.)
• Inventors: Jackson, Richard A., Abt, John
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Assistant Examiner(s): Faris, E. Anne
• Application Number:
  US06/922,601
• Time in Patent Office: 354 Days
• Field of Search: 358/183, 358/186, 358/182, 358/22, 358/105, 358/135, 358/136
• US Class Current: 348/580
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/4007 based on interpolation, e.g. bilinear interpolation image demosaicing G06T3/4015; edge-driven or edge-based scaling G06T3/403
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/262 Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects

Abstract

A first pair of input data words represent two adjacent pixels on a first line of a first field of a video signal in interlaced format, a second pair of input data words represent two adjacent pixels of a first line of a second field of the video signal, and a third pair of input data words represent two adjacent pixels of a second line of the second field. The first and second lines of the second field are adjacent lines in that field and the first line of the first field is between the first and second lines of the second field. The positions on their respective lines of the pixels represented by the second and third pairs of input data words correspond to the positions on the first line of the first field of the pixels represented by the first pair of input data words. The first, second and third pairs of data words are read from memory, and are processed by interpolating among them to generate an output data word. The relative contributions to the output data word of the three pairs of input data words depend on whether an indication is provided that there is motion in the region of the frame in which the pixels represented by the second pair of input data words appear.

Claims

1. A method of processing a first pair of input data words representing two adjacent pixels on a first line of a first field of a video signal in interlaced format, a second pair of input data words representing two adjacent pixels of a first line of a second field of the video signal, said second field being the field that occurs immediately after said first field, and a third pair of input data words representing two adjacent pixels of a second line of the second field, where the first and second lines of the second field are adjacent lines in that field and the first line of the first field is between the first and second lines of the second field, the positions on their respective lines of the pixels represented by the second and third pairs of input data words corresponding to the positions on the first line of the first field of the pixels represented by the first pair of input data words, and the method comprising reading the first, second and third pairs of data words from memory, providing an indication of whether motion is present in the region of the frame in which the pixels represented by the second pair of input data words appear, and interpolating among the input data words of the first, second and third pairs to generate an output data word, the relative contributions to the output data word of the three pairs of input data words being dependent upon whether motion is indicated.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the contribution of the first pair of input data words to the output data word is zero when motion is indicated.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the contribution of the second pair of input data words to the output data word is zero when motion is not indicated and the contribution of the first pair of input data words to the output data word is zero when motion is indicated.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first, second and third pairs of input data words are interpolated with a fourth pair of input data words to generate the output data word, the fourth pair of data words representing two adjacent pixels on a second line of the first field of the video signal, the first and second lines of the first field being adjacent one another in the first field and the second line of the second field being between the first and second lines of the first field, and the pixels represented by the fourth pair of input data words being at positions on the second line of the first field corresponding to the positions on the first line of the first field of the pixels represented by the first pair of input data words.

5. A method according to claim 4, comprising interpolating between the data words of the first pair of input data words to generate a first intermediate data word, interpolating between the data words of the second pair of input data words to generate a second intermediate data word, interpolating between the data words of the third pair of input data words to generate a third intermediate data word and interpolating between the data words of the fourth pair of input data words to generate a fourth intermediate data word, and carrying out a finite inpulse response filtering operation among the first, second, third and fourth intermediate data words in order to generate the output data word.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein, in the event that motion is indicated, the finite impulse response filtering operation is a linear interpolation between the second and fourth intermediate data words.

7. A method of processing a video signal in interlaced format, comprising writing first, second and third pairs of input data words representing respective pixels in a frame of the video signal into memory, the pixels represented by the first pair of input words being adjacent pixels on a first line of a first field of the video signal, the pixels represented by the second pair of input words being two adjacent pixels on a first line of a second field of the video signal, the second field being the field that occurs immediately after the first field, and the third pair of input words representing adjacent pixels on a second line of second field, where the first and second lines of the second field are adjacent lines in that field and the first line of the first field is between the first and second lines of the second field, the positions on their respective lines of the pixel represented by the second and third pairs of input words corresponding to the positions on the first line of the first field of the pixels represented by the first pair of input words, and the method also comprising reading the first, second and third pairs of input words from memory, obtaining an indication of whether motion is present in the region of the frame in which the pixels represented by the second pair of input data words appear, and interpolating among the input words of the first, second and third pairs to generate an output word, the relative contributions to the output word of the three pairs of input words being dependent upon whether motion is indicated.

8. A method of processing a first pair of input data words representing two adjacent pixels on a first line of a first field of a video signal in interlaced format, a second pair of input data words representing two adjacent pixels of a first line of a second field of the video signal, said second field being the field that occurs immediately after said first field, and a third pair of input data words representing two adjacent pixels of a second line of the second field, where the first and second lines of the second field are adjacent lines in that field and the first line of the first field is between the first and second lines of the second field, the positions on the second line of the second field of the pixels represented by the third pair of input data words corresponding to the positions on the first line of the second field of the pixels represented by the second pair of input data words, and the positions on the first line of the first field of the pixels represented by the first pair of input data words each being within one inter-pixel pitch of the positions on the first line of the second field of the pixels represented by the second pair of input data words, the method comprising reading the first, second and third pairs of data words from memory, providing an indication of whether motion is present in the region of the frame in which the pixels represented by the second pair of input data words appear, and interpolating among the input data words of the first, second and third pairs to generate an output data word, the relative contributions to the output data word of the three pairs of input data words being dependent upon whether motion is indicated.

9. Apparatus for processing first, second and third pairs of input data words representing respective pixels within a frame of a video signal in interlaced format, the pixels represented by the first pair of input data words being adjacent pixels on a first line of a first field of the video signal, the pixels represented by the second pair of input data words being adjacent pixels on a first line of a second field of the video signal said second field being the field that occurs immediately after said first field, and the third pair of input data words representing adjacent pixels on a second line of the second field, where the first and second lines of the second field are adjacent lines in that field and the first line of the first field is between the first and second lines of the second field, the positions on the respective lines of the pixels represented by the second and third pairs of input data words corresponding to the positions on the first line of the first field of the pixels represented by the first pair of input data words, the apparatus comprising means for providing an indication of whether there is motion present in the region of the frame in which the pixels represented by the second pair of input data words appear, interpolator means for interpolating among the first, second and third pairs of input data words to generate an output data word, and adaptive means for adjusting the relative contribution to the output data word of the three pairs of input data words in dependence upon whether motion is detected.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9, comprising means for identifying a target point in a scene represented by the video signal, said point lying within a boundary defined by the pixels represented by the first and third pairs of data words, and wherein the adaptive means comprises means for generating interpolation coefficients having values dependent upon the position of the target point within the boundary.

11. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the interpolator means comprises first, second, third and fourth finite impulse response filters for receiving the first, second and third pairs of input data words and a fourth pair of input data words respectively and interpolating between each pair to provide first, second, third and fourth intermediate data words, and fifth finite impulse response filter for interpolating among the first, second, third and fourth intermediate data words to generate the output data word.

12. Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the adaptive means comprises a first coefficient generator for receiving information regarding the position of the target point in a direction parallel to the lines of the first and second fields and generating an interpolation coefficient that is applied to the first, second, third and fourth filters, and a second coefficient generator for receiving information regarding the position of the target point in a direction perpendicular to the lines of the first and second fields and generating interpolation coefficients that are applied to the fifth filter.