Vehicle steering apparatus

• US 4,700,794 A
• Filed: 07/14/1986
• Issued: 10/20/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 07/14/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Caterpillar Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Caterpillar Incorporated
• Inventors: Bernhagen, James R., Crabb, Elmer R., St. Germain, Gene R., Tunnell, James H., Murphy, Marilyn S., Roley, Daniel G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pekar, John A.
• Application Number:
  US06/885,342
• Time in Patent Office: 463 Days
• Field of Search: 180/6.44, 180/6.48, 60/444, 60/443
• US Class Current: 180/6.44
• CPC Class Codes: B62D 11/183 Control systems therefor

Abstract

An improved mechanical-over-hydraulic steering apparatus capable of providing automotive-type steering includes a steering wheel driven input control member, right and left turn control valves, and first and second actuators mounted for rotation along an axis common with the input control member. Each of the actuators has a cam operatively associated with a cam-following roller assembly that operates the respective control valve. The vehicle has a cross drive mechanism, and the steering apparatus includes an over-center variable displacement steering pump and associated displacement control controllably operated by first and second pilot lines connected to the right and left turn control valves. The steering pump controllably and bidirectionally communicates fluid to a steering motor for the steering input to the cross drive mechanism.

Claims

1. A vehicle steering apparatus for a vehicle having a steering input control member rotatable about a central axis and a mechanism drivingly connected to left and right ground-engaging members, comprising:

pump and motor means for controllably applying torque to the mechanism for steering the vehicle and including a steering pump and a displacement control for the steering pump;

control valve means for controllably delivering fluid under pressure to the displacement control, the control valve means including a right turn control valve and a left turn control valve in juxtaposed relation; and

steering means for converting the rotational movement of the input control member away from a centered position to linear actuation of a selected one of the control valves, the steering means including a first actuator mounted for rotation about the central axis and operatively connected to the right turn control valve and a second actuator mounted for rotation about the central axis and operatively connected to the left turn control valve.

2. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 1 wherein the steering means includes means for resiliently biasing the input control member to a centered neutral position.

3. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 2 wherein the input control member is connected to rotate directly with a steering wheel.

4. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first actuator includes a first valve actuating cam and the second actuator includes a second valve actuating cam.

5. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 4 wherein the steering means includes first and second cam-following roller assemblies operatively engaging the first and second valve actuating cams and individually connected to the respective control valves.

6. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 5 wherein the steering means includes means for rotating the first actuator in a first direction through a first angular range and the second actuator in a second direction through a second angular range in response to corresponding rotation of the input control member, the sum of the first and second angular ranges being greater than 360°

for increased sensitivity.

7. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first actuator and the second actuator are individually rotatable about the control axis away from a neutral position in different directions in response to rotation of the input control member.

8. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 7 wherein steering means is so constructed and arranged that the input control member can be moved through first and second angular ranges individually greater than 180°

to respectively achieve right turn and left turn steering of the vehicle.

9. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 8 wherein the steering means includes a torsion spring for continuously biasing both of the actuators towards their neutral positions and the input control member toward the centered position.

10. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first actuator has a first valve actuating cam and the second actuator has a second valve actuating cam, each of the valve actuating cams being rotatable about the central axis and defining a radially outwardly facing cam surface.

11. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 10 wherein each actuating cam has an inactive portion, a starting ramp portion, and an operating ramp portion.

12. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 10 wherein each of the radially outwardly facing cam surfaces includes an operating ramp portion extending peripherally through an angular range greater than 180°

.

13. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 12 wherein angular range is about 320°

.

14. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 12 wherein the steering means includes first and second cam-following roller assemblies individually having a roller in engagement with the respective cam surface.

15. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 14 wherein the steering means includes coupling means for adjustably connecting the cam-following roller assemblies to the respective control valve.

16. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 14 wherein the steering means includes support means defining a cylindrical bore for supporting each of the cam-follwing roller assemblies in a generally right angle relationship to the central axis.

17. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 16 wherein the support means includes a pair of identical pillow blocks and means for adjusting the position of the pillow blocks.

18. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first actuator includes a shaft and a first cam connected thereto on the central axis, and the second actuator includes a tubular shaft and a second cam connected thereto on the central axis, the cams being juxtaposed.

19. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 18 wherein the steering means includes a torsion spring operationally acting on the first and second actuators for biasing the input control member to the centered position.

20. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 19 wherein the steering means includes another torsion spring operationally connected between the cams and being of a smaller torsion rate than the torsion spring.

21. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 18 wherein the steering means includes means for permitting relatively fine angular adjustment of the cams on the respective shafts.

22. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 1 wherein the input control member has an actuating member, the first actuator has a first arm, the second actuator has a second arm, and the actuating member is adapted to move one of the first and second arms while the other one remains stationary.

23. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 1 wherein the control valve means includes a pilot line leading from each one of the control valves to the displacement control of the steering pump for controlled operation thereof, one of the pilot lines being pressurized and the other being a return during steering, and means for reversing the controlled pressurization of the pump displacement control by the pilot lines upon reversing the direction of movement of the vehicle.

24. A vehicle steering apparatus for a vehicle having a steering input control member rotatable about a central axis and a mechanism drivingly connected to left and right ground-engaging members, comprising:

pump and motor means for controllably applying torque to the mechanism for steering the vehicle and including a steering pump and a displacement control for the steering pump;

control valve means for controllably delivering fluid under pressure to the displacement control, the control valve means including a right turn control valve and a left turn control valve in juxtaposed relation; and

steering means for converting the rotational movement of the input control member away from a centered position to linear actuation of a selected one of the control valves, the steering means including an actuating member on the input control member, a first valve actuating cam at one side of the actuating member, a second valve actuating cam at the opposite side of the actuating member, and arm means associated with the respective actuating cams for being contacted by the actuating member for individual rotation of the valve actuating cams about the central axes.

25. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 24 wherein the steering means includes first means for resiliently biasing the first valve actuating cam to a neutral condition, and second means for resiliently biasing the second valve actuating cam to a neutral condition.

26. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 25 wherein the first and second means are individual torsion springs.

27. A vehicle steering apparatus for operation of a steering pump having a displacement control associated therewith, comprising:

an input control member rotatable about a central axis in either direction away from a centered position;

a right turn control valve in fluid communication with the displacement control;

a left turn control valve in fluid communication with the displacement control;

a first cam mounted for rotation about the axis in a first direction away from a neutral position;

a second cam mounted for rotation about the axis in a second direction away from a neutral position;

first means for rotating the first cam through a first angular range and the second cam through a second angular range in response to rotation of the input control member; and

second means for converting rotation of the first and second cams to linear actuation of the right turn and left turn control valves and operating the displacement control.

28. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 27 incuding a steering wheel and wherein the input control member is directly responsive to rotation of a steering wheel.

29. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 27 including resilient means for biasing the cams towards their respective neutral positions.

30. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 27 wherein the first and second angular ranges are each greater than 180°

.

31. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 27 wherein the first and second angular ranges are each approximately 320°

.

32. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 29 wherein the second means includes first and second roller assemblies capable of the following the respective cams.

33. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 32 including a torsion spring for biasing both of the cams towards their neutral positions, and the input control member toward the centered position.

34. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 27 including a first torsion spring for biasing the first cam to the neutral position and a second torsion spring for biasing the second cam to the neutral position.

35. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 27 including means for reversing the fluid communication between the pump displacement control and the right and left turn control valves in response to reversing the direction of movement of the vehicle.

36. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 27 wherein each of the control valves includes a depressible actuating portion displaceable by the second means, a control spool portion responsive to movement of the actuating portion, and a pilot line communicating between the control spool portion and the displacement control.

37. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 36 including a diverter valve for reversing the connections of the pilot lines to the displacement control, and means for actuating the diverter valve upon reversing the direction of movement of the vehicle.

38. A vehicle steering apparatus for converting the rotational movement of an input control member about an axis to hydraulic operation of a displacement control for a steering pump, comprising:

a right turn control valve in fluid communication with the displacement control;

a left turn control valve in fluid communication with the displacement control;

a first actuator mounted for rotation in a first direction about the axis away from a neutral position and being operatively connected to the right turn control valve;

a second actuator mounted for rotation in a second direction about the axis away from a neutral position and being operatively connected to the left turn control valve;

first means for resiliently biasing the actuators towards their respective neutral positions; and

second means for rotating the first actuator in the first direction through a first angular range and for rotating the second actuator in the second direction through a second angular range in response to rotation of the input control member in the first and second directions respectively against the reaction of the first means, the sum of the first and second angular ranges being greater than 360°

.

39. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 38 wherein the first means includes a torsion spring connected between the actuators.

40. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 38 wherein the first means includes a housing assembly and first and second torsion springs connected between the respective actuators and the housing assembly.

41. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 38 wherein the first actuator has a first cam and the second actuator has a second cam adjacent the first cam on the axis.

42. The vehicle steering apparatus of claim 41 including a first cam-following roller assembly operatively connecting the first cam and right turn control valve for linear actuation thereof and a second cam-following roller assembly operatively connecting the second cam and the left turn control valve for linear actuation thereof.