High refractive index haloalkyl-functional shell-core polymers and their use in light scattering immunoassays
First Claim
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1. A particle reagent having high refractive index consisting essentially of:
- (A) a polymer particle having an inner core and an outer shell wherein the inner core is a polymer having a refractive index of not less than 1.54 as measured at the wavelength of the sodium D line and wherein the outer shell is a polymer of(1) five to about seventy parts by weight of the outer shell of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a haloalkyl functional group capable of reacting with a compound of biological interest, its antigen or its antibody, selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein X is Cl or Br and R is H, CH3, or C2 H5, (2) 95 to about 30 parts by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected in amounts not to result in the formation of water soluble polymer particles, and(3) not more than 10 parts by weight of the outer shell of the residual monomers of the inner core;
said outer shell being formed by polymerization in the presence of said inner core; and
wherein said polymer particle has an approximate diameter range of 0.01-1.0 μ
m, a 5-100% surface coverage by a monomolecular layer of anionic surfactant, and is covalently attached to(B) a compound of biological interest, its antigen or its antibody.
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Abstract
Novel particle reagent for light scattering immunoassays are provided. The particle reagents are high refractive index shell-core polymers, having at least a partial surface coverage by a monomolecular layer of anionic surfactant, covalently bonded to compounds of biological interest. The novel particle reagents are particularly suited to protein immobilization by covalent bonding to the shell and are especially useful for light scattering immunoassays.
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Citations
10 Claims
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1. A particle reagent having high refractive index consisting essentially of:
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(A) a polymer particle having an inner core and an outer shell wherein the inner core is a polymer having a refractive index of not less than 1.54 as measured at the wavelength of the sodium D line and wherein the outer shell is a polymer of (1) five to about seventy parts by weight of the outer shell of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a haloalkyl functional group capable of reacting with a compound of biological interest, its antigen or its antibody, selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein X is Cl or Br and R is H, CH3, or C2 H5, (2) 95 to about 30 parts by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected in amounts not to result in the formation of water soluble polymer particles, and (3) not more than 10 parts by weight of the outer shell of the residual monomers of the inner core; said outer shell being formed by polymerization in the presence of said inner core; and
wherein said polymer particle has an approximate diameter range of 0.01-1.0 μ
m, a 5-100% surface coverage by a monomolecular layer of anionic surfactant, and is covalently attached to(B) a compound of biological interest, its antigen or its antibody. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
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6. A method for measuring compounds of biological interest comprising the steps of
(A) incubating (a) a first particle reagent having a high refractive index consisting essentially of: -
(i) a polymer particle having an inner core and an outer shell wherein the inner core is a polymer having a refractive index of not less than 1.54 as measured at the wavelength of the sodium D line and wherein the outer shell is a polymer of (1) five to about seventy parts by weight of the outer shell of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a haloalkyl functional group capable of reacting with a compound of biological interest, its antigen or its antibody, selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## wherein X is Cl or Br and R is H, CH3, or C2 H5, (2) 95 to about 30 parts by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected in amounts not to result in the formation of water soluble polymer particles, and (3) not more than 10 parts by weight of the outer shell of the residual monomers of the inner core; said outer shell being formed by polymerization in the presence of said inner core; and
wherein said polymer particle has an approximate diameter range of 0.01-1.0 μ
m, a 5-100% surface coverage by a monomolecular layer of anionic surfactant, and is covalently attached to(ii) a compound of biological interest or its antibody; (b) a liquid suspected of containing the compound of biological interest or its analog; and (c) an agglutinating agent; and (B) photometrically measuring increased particle size resulting from agglutination. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8)
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9. A method for measuring antibodies comprising the steps of
(A) incubating (a) a particle reagent having a high refractive index consisting essentially of: -
(i) a polymer particle having an inner core and an outer shell wherein the inner core is a polymer having a refractive index of not less than 1.54 as measured at the wavelength of the sodium D line and wherein the outer shell is a polymer of (1) five to about seventy parts by weight of the outer shell of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a haloalkyl functional group capable of reacting with a compound of biological interest, its antigen or its antibody, selected from the group consisting of ##STR5## wherein X is Cl or Br and R is H, CH3, or C2 H5, (2) 95 to about 30 parts by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected in amounts not to result in the formation of water soluble polymer particles, and (3) not more than 10 parts by weight of the outer shell of the residual monomers of the inner core; said outer shell being formed by polymerization in the presence of said inner core; and
wherein said polymer particle has an approximate diameter range of 0.01-1.0 μ
m, a 5-100% surface coverage by a monomolecular layer of anionic surfactant, and is covalently attached to(ii) an antibody to the antibody or an antigen of the antibody; (b) a liquid suspected of containing the antibody; and (c) an agglutinating agent; and (B) photometrically measuring increased particle size resulting from agglutination.
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10. A method for measuring compounds of biological interest comprising the steps of
(A) incubating (a) a particle reagent having a high refractive index consisting essentially of: -
(i) a polymer particle having an inner core and an outer shell wherein the inner core is a polymer having a refractive index of not less than 1.54 as measured at the wavelength of the sodium D line and wherein the outer shell is a polymer of (1) five to about seventy parts by weight of the outer shell of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a haloalkyl functional group capable of reacting with a compound of biological interest, its antigen or its antibody, selected from the group consisting of ##STR6## wherein X is Cl or Br and R is H, CH3, or C2 H5, (2) 95 to about 30 parts by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected in amounts not to result in the formation of water soluble polymer particles, and (3) not more than 10 parts by weight of the outer shell of the residual monomers of the inner core; said outer shell being formed by polymerization in the presence of said inner core; and
wherein said polymer particle has an approximate diameter range of 0.01-1.0 μ
m, a 5-100% surface coverage by a monomolecular layer of anionic surfactant, and is covalently attached to(ii) the antibody to the compound of biological interest; (b) a liquid suspected of containing the compound of biological interest or its analog; and (B) photometrically measuring increased particle size resulting from agglutination.
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Specification