Arrangement for fluorescence-optical measurement of concentrations of substances contained in a sample

• US 4,703,182 A
• Filed: 09/16/1985
• Issued: 10/27/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/1984
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: AVL AG
• Original Assignee: AVL Gesellschaft Fur Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Messtechnik mbH PROF Drdrhc HANS List
• Inventors: Offenbacher, Helmut, Kroneis, Herbert
• Primary Examiner(s): Howell, Janice A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hannaher, Constantine
• Application Number:
  US06/776,586
• Time in Patent Office: 771 Days
• Field of Search: 250/461.2, 250/461.1, 250/458.1, 250/483.1, 250/365, 250/227, 356/445, 436/172, 436/164, 436/527, 436/531, 436/805, 436/807, 422/57
• US Class Current: 250/458.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6463 Optics
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6428 Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" in vivo A61B5/00; immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/645 Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/7703 using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides using measurement of total internal reflection or attenuated total reflection G01N21/552; optical fibres or waveguides per se G02B

Abstract

An arrangement for the fluorescence-optical measurement of concentrations of substances contained in a sample includes a detector, a light source and a sensor element that includes a carrier element, the carrier element having an indicator layer on a portion thereof and an indicator-free surface, the carrier element being transparent to the radiation used, and having a refractive index which is greater than that of the ambient medium at the indicator-free surface, the light space being positioned such that the transmission of light from the light source to the indicator layer, and from there to the detector, is achieved, at least partially, by total reflection in the carrier element.

Claims

1. An arrangement for fluorescence-optical measurement of concentrations of substances contained in a sample, said arrangement being used in a surrounding ambient medium, comprising a light source for excitation radiation, a sensor element fluorescing upon excitation in accordance with substance concentration to be determined, and a detector for emission radiation, said sensor element comprising a carrier element which comprises at least two parallel surfaces and which is transparent for said excitation radiation and said emission radiation, said sensor element having a refractive index n₁ that is higher than the refractive index n₃ of a prevailing ambient medium, at least part of one of said surfaces of said carrier element being covered with a layer of an indicator substance of a given refractive index n₂, whose side facing away from said carrier element is in contact with said sample during the process of measurement, said excitation radiation having angles of incidence α

₁, measured from the normal on the boundary surface between said carrier element and said ambient medium, which are bigger than α

_G.sbsb.1,3 =arc sin n₃ /n₁, so that said excitation radiation is propagated in said carrier element by total reflection and wherein said excitation radiation has angles α

₁ smaller than α

_G.sbsb.1,2 =arc sin n₂ /n₁ in that area of said carrier element which is in contact with said sample via the indicator layer.

2. An arrangement according to claim 1, wherein said emission radiation reaching said detector has angles α

₁ bigger than α

_G.sbsb.1,3 =arc sin n₃ /n₁, so that said emission radiation is propagated in said carrier element by total reflection too.

3. An arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the boundary surfaces for entrance of excitation light and detection of emission light and said indicator layer are placed at positions normal to one another.

4. An arrangement for fluorescence-optical measurement of concentrations of substances contained in a sample, said arrangement being used in a surrounding ambient medium, comprising a light source for excitation radiation, a sensor element fluorescing upon excitation in accordance with substance concentration to be determined, and a detector for emission radiation, said sensor element comprising a carrier element which comprises at least two parallel surfaces and which is transparent for said excitation and said emission radiation, said sensor element having a refractive index n₁ that is higher than the refractive index n₃ of a prevailing ambient medium, at least part of one of said surfaces of said carrier element being covered with a layer of an indicator substance of a given refractive index n₂, whose side facing away from said carrier element is in contact with said sample during the process of measurement, said excitation radiation having angles of incidence α

₁, measured from the normal on the boundary surface between said carrier element and said indicator substance, which are smaller than α

_G.sbsb.1,2 =arc sin n₂ /n₁ in that area of said carrier element which is in contact with said sample via the indicator layer and wherein said emission radiation reaching said detector has angles α

₁ bigger than α

_G.sbsb.1,3 =arc sin n₃ /n₁, so that said emission radiation is propagated in said carrier element by total reflection.

5. An arrangement according to claim 4, with said carrier element being configured as a plate with parallel top and bottom surfaces and said indicator layer being applied on one of these surfaces, wherein said light source used for excitation is placed in a position essentially normal to said layer, and wherein said detector is positioned at least at one lateral boundary surface of said carrier element, which is essentially normal to said indicator layer.

6. An arrangement according to claim 5, wherein one top/bottom surface of said carrier element is completely covered by said indicator layer, and wherein the refractive index n₂ of said indicator layer is greater than the refractive index n₃ of said ambient medium.

7. An arrangement according to claim 6, wherein an aperture is provided between said light source and said carrier element, which will limit the angle of incidence of said excitation light.

8. An arrangement according to claim 5, wherein an aperture is provided between said light source and said carrier element, which will limit the angle of incidence of said excitation light.

9. An arrangement according to any of claims 6 to 7 wherein a coupling layer is provided between the lateral boundary surface of said carrier element facing the detector and the detector itself, which coupling layer has a refractive index n₄ greater than the refractive index n₃ of the ambient medium.

10. An arrangement according to claim 5, wherein a coupling layer is provided between the lateral boundary surface of said carrier element facing the detector and the detector itself, which coupling layer has a refractive index n₄ greater than the refractive index n₃ of the ambient medium.

11. An arrangement according to claim 10, wherein the refractive index n₄ of said coupling layer is greater than, or equal to, the refractive index n₁ of said carrier element.

12. An arrangement according to claim 10 or 11, wherein said coupling layer consists of a polymer material which is applied directly onto said detector.

13. An arrangement according to claim 5, wherein said top/bottom surfaces of said carrier element are configured as trapezoids.