Spread spectrum code-division-multiple-access (SS-CDMA) lightwave communication system

• US 4,703,474 A
• Filed: 02/28/1986
• Issued: 10/27/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 02/28/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T, Inc.)
• Inventors: Foschini, Gerard J., Vannucci, Giovanni
• Primary Examiner(s): ORSINO JR, JOSEPH
• Application Number:
  US06/834,346
• Time in Patent Office: 606 Days
• Field of Search: 370/18, 370/19, 370/76, 370/3, 455/608, 455/617, 455/618, 455/611, 455/607, 375/1, 332/7.51
• US Class Current: 370/441
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2201/70715 with application-specific features
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/005 Optical Code Multiplex
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0227 Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0241 Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/028 WDM bus architectures
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0283 WDM ring architectures

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lightwave communication system, and associated transmitters (13) and receivers (14), which uses both spread spectrum, code-division-multiple-access (SS-CDMA), and wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) techniques for 2-way transmissions over a lightwave waveguide arrangement (11) to use the overall spectrum of the waveguide arrangement (11) while providing sufficient interference rejection of randomly spaced carriers, and associated signals, which may drift into the bandwidth of transmissions of other transmitter/receiver pairs due to instabilities in carrier laser sources (20). Techniques are also disclosed for a transceiver (10_i) acquiring a 2-way link with another transceiver (10_j), while other transmitter/receiver pairs are concurrently communicating using WDM, SS-CDMA, signal transmissions. For example, a calling transceiver transmits a narrowband information message (40) on a random carrier which is detected by a called transceiver by scanning the frequency spectrum. The called transceiver then returns a narrowband answer signal (41) on another random carrier which is detected by the calling transceiver. In this manner, each transceiver locks onto the carrier of the other transceiver and the appropriate pseudo-noise (PN) code sequence can then be determined and synchronized before WDM, SS-CDMA, 2-way transmissions begin.

Claims

1. An optical transmitter comprising:

an input terminal receiving either one of an analog or digital signal from a user associated with the optical transmitter;

an output terminal for connection to a lightwave waveguide arrangement of an optical communication system;

a single frequency laser source (20) for generating a lightwave carrier signal at an undetermined wavelength;

means (21) for modulating the lightwave carrier signal from the laser source with the analog or digital signal received at the input terminal to generate a lightwave signal with a narrowband optical spectrum; and

means (22,

     23) for spreading the optical spectrum of a lightwave signal using a predetermined, reiterative encoding sequence such that a lightwave output signal at the output terminal of the optical transmitter has an optical spectrum which is wider than the spectrum that the lightwave signal would have in the absence of the spreading means.

2. An optical transmitter according to claim 1 wherein the spectrum spreading means comprises:

a pseudo noise (PN) sequence generator for selectively generating a reiterative PN encoding sequence; and

PN scrambling means coupled between the laser source and the output terminal of the optical transmitter for scrambling a lightwave signal generated in the laser source with the reiterative PN encoding sequence from the PN sequence generator.

3. An optical transmitter according to claim 2 wherein

the modulating means forms a part of the laser source for directly producing a lightwave signal at the output of the laser source which is modulated with the analog or digital signal received at the input terminal.

4. An optical transmitter according to claim 2 wherein

the modulating means forms a part of the PN scrambling means for producing a lightwave signal that is both modulated with the analog or digital signal received at the input terminal and scrambled with the reiterative PN sequence from the PN sequence generator.

5. An optical transmitter according to claim 1 wherein the spectrum spreading means comprises:

a pseudo noise (PN) sequence generator for selectively generating a predetermined reiterative PN encoding sequence; and

the laser source includes the modulating means and spectrum-spreading means and is responsive to both the output signal from the PN sequence generator and the signal from the input terminal for producing a lightwave signal that is both modulated with the signal from the input terminal and scrambled with the predetermined PN sequence from the PN sequence generator such that the shape of the electromagnetic spectrum of the lightwave signal generated by the laser source is determined primarily by the combination of the input signal and the PN sequence and is not significantly affected by the operational parameters of the laser source.

6. An optical transmitter according to claim 1 or 2 wherein:

the spectrum spreading means is capable of selectively using any one of a plurality of encoding sequences at any instant of time for scrambling the lightwave signal.

7. An optical transmitter according to claim 1, 2 or 5 wherein the optical transmitter further comprises:

a controller, responsive to a control signal from the associated user indicating a request to initiate a connection with a selected remote receiver, for (1) determining the appropriate reiterative encoding sequence to be used to communicate with the selected remote receiver, (2) enabling the laser source and the spectrum spreading means to generate the lightwave signal at the undetermined frequency and the appropriate reiterative encoding sequence, respectively, and (3) generating an acquisition information message including the identity of both the present transmitter and the selected remote receiver for transmission to the light modulating means for modulating the lightwave signal of the laser source.

8. An optical receiver comprising:

an input terminal for receiving a plurality of differently encoded spread-spectrum, code-division-multiple-access (SS-CDMA) lightwave signals which are wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) in a random manner over the (frequency) optical spectrum of a lightwave waveguide arrangement;

means (31,

     32) for de-spreading the optical spectrum of a WDM, SS-CDMA lightwave signal received at the input terminal using a reiterative decoding sequence and generating an output signal representative of such de-spread lightwave signal; and

narrowband receiving means (33,

     34) responsive to the output signal from the de-spreading means for (1) detecting a narrowband signal embedded within the other lightwave signals, and (2) locking onto the detected narrowband signal, associated with one of the received SS-CDMA signals, and maintaining such lock for a selective period of time.

9. An optical receiver according to claim 8 wherein the narrowband receiving means comprises:

a narrowband receiver for receiving the output signal from the de-spreading means and for demodulating the output signal for transmission to an associated user of the receiver; and

a controller for (1) selectively changing the phase of the reiterative decoding sequence used by the despreading means, (2) monitoring the output signal from the narrowband receiver to detect the occurrence of a narrowband signal, and (3) upon detection of a narrowband signal, stopping the selective changing of the phase of the predetermined reiterative decoding sequence and causing the narrowband receiver and de-spreading means to lock onto the detected narrowband signal.

10. An optical receiver according to claim 8 or 9 wherein the de-spreading means comprises:

a pseudo noise (PN) sequence generator for selectively generating a reiterative PN decoding sequence; and

PN descrambling means for decoding the received WDM, SS-CDMA, lightwave signal received at the input terminal with the predetermined reiterative PN decoding sequence generated by the PN sequence generator.

11. A method of transmitting a plurality of lightwave signals over a lightwave waveguide arrangement, the method comprising the steps of:

at each of a plurality of lightwave transmitters,

(a) generating a lightwave carrier at an undetermined wavelength;

(b) modulating the lightwave carrier signal from step (a) with a separate analog or digital information signal to be transmitted from a separate user, to generate a lightwave signal with a narrowband optical spectrum;

(c) spreading the optical spectrum of either one of (1) the lightwave carrier signal prior to performing step (b), or (2) the narrowband lightwave signal obtained from step (b) using a reiterative encoding sequence which is different from a reiterative encoding sequence used for spreading the optical spectrum of lightwave signals at other transmitters; and

(d) coupling the modulated and spreadspectrum signal obtained from step (c) onto the lightwave waveguide arrangement for forming, with other lightwave signals obtained from the other transmitters, a wavelength-division-multiplexed, spread-spectrum code-division-multiple-access (WDM, SS-CDMA) lightwave signal which propagates along the lightwave waveguide arrangement.

12. A method of transmitting a plurality of lightwave signals according to claim 11, the method comprising the further step of:

(e) in performing step (c), spreading the optical spectrum of the lightwave signal or the modulated lightwave signal by further modulating its amplitude and/or phase with a reiterative pseudo-noise (PN) encoding sequence.

13. A method of transmitting a plurality of lightwave signals according to claim 11, the method comprising the further step of:

(e) in performing step (c), spreading the optical spectrum of the lightwave signal or the modulated lightwave signal with a reiterative frequency-hopping (FH) encoding sequence.

14. A method of transmitting a plurality of lightwave signals according to claim 11, the method comprising the further steps of:

at a first transceiver wanting to establish a 2-way link over the lightwave waveguide arrangement with a given one of a pluraity of second transceivers,

(e) performing steps (b) and (d) using an analog or digital unspread acquisition signal including the identity of the first and the given one of the second transceivers; and

at each receiver associated with the first and the plurality of second transceivers not already busy on a 2-way link,

(f) scanning the optical spectrum of the signal obtained from the lightwave waveguide arrangement for detecting a narrowband lightwave signal;

(g) in response to a detection of a narrowband lightwave signal in step (f), locking onto the detected narrowband lightwave signal to establish a link from the first transceiver to the predetermined one of the plurality of second transceivers for a selective period of time.

15. A method of transmitting a plurality of lightwave signals over a lightwave guiding means according to claim 14, the method comprising the further steps of:

(h) at a transmitter of the predetermined one of the plurality of second transceivers wherein the associated receiver has detected the narrowband lightwave signal according to step (f),

(i) performing steps (b) and (d) for transmitting an unspread acquisition signal back to the first transceiver; and

at a receiver of the first transceiver,

(j) performing steps (f) and (g) for establishing the link from the prdetermined one of the plurality of second transceivers to the first transceiver to complete a two-way link between the transceivers.