Covalently coupled cofactor modified electrodes and methods of synthesis and use
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A cofactor modified electrode comprising:
- an electrode substrate having a working surface of an electrically conducting or semiconducting material having an outer oxide or hydroxyl containing layer; and
a redox active material electrically and covalently bonded to the outer layer by means of a suitable linking group;
wherein the redox active material is derived from a redox active flavin derivative having a flavin cofactor moiety, and having the formula ##STR14## wherein R1 is a ribose derivative, and at least one of R2 and R3 is an imidazole derivative, the other of R2 and R3 being the imidazole derivative or hydrogen.
1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
An electrically and covalently coupled cofactor modified electrode for mediating the heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis of a biochemical reaction by an enzyme. The electrode coating comprises an imidazoleflavin derivative covalently bonded to the electrode surface. Methods for preparation and use of the modified electrode are also presented.
-
Citations
27 Claims
-
1. A cofactor modified electrode comprising:
-
an electrode substrate having a working surface of an electrically conducting or semiconducting material having an outer oxide or hydroxyl containing layer; and a redox active material electrically and covalently bonded to the outer layer by means of a suitable linking group; wherein the redox active material is derived from a redox active flavin derivative having a flavin cofactor moiety, and having the formula ##STR14## wherein R1 is a ribose derivative, and at least one of R2 and R3 is an imidazole derivative, the other of R2 and R3 being the imidazole derivative or hydrogen. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
-
-
8. A cofactor modified electrode comprising:
-
an electode substrate having a working surface of an electrically conducting or semiconducting material selected from the group consisting of platinum, gold, silicon, graphite, glassy carbon, or tin dioxide, and conducting polymers and having an outer oxide or hydroxyl layer; and a redox active coating electrically and covalently bonded to the outer layer and comprising groups of the formula ##STR18## wherein R1 is a ribose derivative selected from the group consisting of --CH2 (CHOH)3 --CH2 OH, --CH2 (CHOH)3 CH2 O--PO32-, --CH2 (CHOCOCH3)3 CH2 OCOCH3, and --CH2 (CHOH)3 CH2 O--P--O--P--O--CH2 ##STR19## the silane group is bonded to the imidazole moiety at the N-3, C-4 or C-5 position on the imidazole ring, and R7 and R8 are each an --O--C2 H5 group, a hydroxyl group, or an --O-- link to an adjacent silane group or to the outer layer of the electrode surface, and may be the same or different.
-
-
9. A method of effecting electron transfer between an electrode having a working surface of an electrically conducting or semiconducting material and an enzyme comprising the steps of:
-
modifying the working surface of the electrode by electrically and covalently bonding to an existing or derivatized outer oxide or hydroxyl layer on the working surface, by means of a suitable linking group, a redox active material derived from a redox active flavin derivative having a flavin cofactor moiety, and having the formula ##STR20## wherein at least one of R2 and R3 is an imidazole derivative, the other of R2 and R3 being the imidazole derivative or hydrogen; and
wherein the flavin cofactor moiety of the redox active flavin derivative is selected to activate a protein moiety of the enzyme, R1 being a ribose derivative selected to provide the selected flavin cofactor moiety;immersing the modified working surface of the electrode in an electrolyte solution containing the protein moiety of the enzyme; and applying an electric potential to the electrode sufficient to effect the electron transfer between the electrode surface and the enzyme through the redox active material. - View Dependent Claims (10)
-
-
11. A method of effecting electron transfer between an electrode having a working surface of an electrically conducting or semiconducting material and an enzyme comprising the steps of:
-
modifying the working surface of the electrode by electrically and covalently bonding to an existing or derivatized outer oxide or hydroxyl layer on the working surface, by means of a suitable linking group a redox active material derived from a redox active flavin derivative having a flavin cofactor moiety, and having the formula ##STR24## wherein at least one of R2 and R3 is an imidazole derivative, the other of R2 and R3 being the imidazole derivative or hydrogen; and
wherein the flavin cofactor moiety of the redox active flavin derivative is selected to activate the enzyme, R1 being a ribose derivative selected to provide the selected flavin cofactor moiety;immersing the modified working surface of the electrode in an electrolyte solution in an electrochemical cell; introducing the enzyme to the electrochemical cell; and applying an electric potential to the electrode sufficient to effect the electron transfer between the electrode surface and the enzyme through the redox active material. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14)
-
-
15. A method of electrochemically mediating the catalysis of a reaction involving one or more biochemical substrates by an enzyme comprising the steps of:
-
modifying a working surface of a working electrode by electrically and covalently bonding to an existing or derivatized oxide or hydroxyl layer on the working surface, by means of a suitable linking group, a redox active material derived from a redox active flavin derivative having a flavin cofactor moiety, and having the formula ##STR28## wherein at least one of R2 and R3 is an imidazole derivative, the other of R2 and R3 being the imidazole derivative or hydrogen; and
wherein the flavin cofactor moiety of the redox active flavin derivative is selected to activate a protein moiety of the enzyme, R1 being a ribose derivative selected to provide the selected flavin cofactor moiety;establishing in an electrochemical cell having at least the modified electrode and an auxiliary electrode, an electrolyte solution containing the biochemical substrate(s) and the protein moiety of an enzyme suitable for catalyzing the reaction; and applying an electric potential to the electrodes sufficient to effect electron transfer between the modified electrode and the biochemical substrate through the redox active material and the enzyme. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17)
-
-
18. A method of electrochemically mediating the catalysis of a reaction involving one or more biochemical substrates by an enzyme comprising the steps of:
-
modifying a working surface of an electrode by electrically and covalently bonding to an existing or derivatized outer oxide or hydroxyl layer on the working surface by means of a suitable linking group, a redox active material derived from a redox active flavin derivative having a flavin cofactor moiety, and having formula ##STR32## wherein at least one of R2 and R3 is an imidazole derivative, the other of R2 and R3 being the imidazole derivative or hydrogen; and
wherein the flavin cofactor moiety of the redox active flavin derivative is selected to activate the enzyme, R1 being a ribose derivative selected to provide the selected flavin cofactor moiety;establishing in an electrochemical cell having at least the modified electrode and an auxiliary electrode, an electrolyte solution containing the biochemical substrate(s) introducing to the electrochemical cell an enzyme suitable for catalyzing the reaction; and applying an electric potential to the electrodes sufficient to effect electron transfer between the modified electrode and the biochemical substrate through the redox active material and the enzyme. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21)
-
-
22. A method for coating an electrode substrate having a working surface of an electrically conductive or semiconductive material having an outer oxide or hydroxyl layer comprising:
-
electrically and covalently bonding a redox active material to the outer layer by means of a suitable linking group; wherein the redox active material is derived from a redox active flavin derivative having the formula ##STR36## wherein R1 is a ribose derivative and at least one of R2 and R3 is an imidazole derivative, the other of R2 and R3 being the imidazole derivative or hydrogen. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24)
-
-
25. A method of preparing a working electrode for electrochemically mediating the catalysis of a biochemical reaction by an enzyme comprising the steps of:
-
placing within a vessel an electrode having a working surface of an electrically conducting or semiconducting material having an outer oxide layer on the working surface; immersing the working surface in an electrolytic solution containing a redox active material derived from a redox active flavin derivative having the formula ##STR39## wherein R1 is a ribose derivative, at least one of R2 and R3 is an imidazole derivative, the other of R2 and R3 being the imidazole derivative or hydrogen; and
a compound from which a suitable linking group may be derived, for a sufficient time to electrically and covalently bond sufficient redox active material to the outer layer by means of the linking group to provide a working electrode capable of electrochemically mediating the catalysis of the biochemical reaction. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27)
-
Specification