Staged multicomponent refrigerant cycle for a process for recovery of C.sub.+ hydrocarbons

• US 4,707,170 A
• Filed: 07/23/1986
• Issued: 11/17/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 07/23/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Original Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Inventors: Rowles, Howard C., Ayres, Calvin L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Capossela, Ronald C.
• Application Number:
  US06/889,061
• Time in Patent Office: 482 Days
• Field of Search: 62/23, 62/24, 62/40
• US Class Current: 62/627
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 7/005 Processes comprising at least two steps in series
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/02 in a single pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/72 Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/80 using integrated mass and heat exchange, i.e. non-adiabatic rectification in a reflux exchanger or dephlegmator
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2210/12 Refinery or petrochemical off-gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2215/60 Methane
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2215/62 Ethane or ethylene
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/02 Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/04 Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/12 External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/18 External refrigeration with incorporated cascade loop
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/66 Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/902 Details about the refrigeration cycle used, e.g. composition of refrigerant, arrangement of compressors or cascade, make up sources, use of reflux exchangers etc.
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0209 Natural gas or substitute natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0219 Refinery gas, cracking gas, coke oven gas, gaseous mixtures containing aliphatic unsaturated CnHm or gaseous mixtures of undefined nature
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0233 separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0238 separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0242 separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0252 separation of hydrogen production of hydrogen containing gas in general C01B3/00, e.g. separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases form gaseous mixtures at low temperatures C01B3/506

Abstract

The present invention is a process for phase separating, dephlegmating and optionally distilling a feed gas stream to recover a light gas product and a heavy hydrocarbon product wherein a predominant amount of the refrigeration for the process is provided by a two temperature and two pressure stage multicomponent closed-circuit refrigeration cycle.

Claims

1. A process for the low temperature separation of a feed gas into a heavy hydrocarbon product containing C₃₊ hydrocarbons and a light gas stream containing H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, methane and/or C₂ hydrocarbons or other light gases using a two temperature and two pressure stage, closed-circuit, multicomponent refrigerant cycle comprising the steps of:

(a) cooling the feed gas to effect the partial condensation of said gas by indirect heat exchange against a relatively high temperature and pressure stage of said multicomponent refrigerant;

(b) initially phase separating the partially condensed feed gas into a heavy liquid containing heavy hydrocarbons and a vapor stream containing light feed gas components;

(c) rectifying the vapor stream by low temperature dephlegmation to produce a light gas stream and additional heavy liquid wherein the rectification is obtained at least in part by indirect heat exchange against a relatively low temperature and pressure stage of said multicomponent refrigerant;

(d) removing said heavy liquid as a heavy hydrocarbon product containing C₃₊ hydrocarbons;

(e) removing the light gas stream of step (c) as a product light gas stream containing H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, methane and/or C₂ hydrocarbons or other light gases; and

(f) providing the predominant amount of the refrigeration for the process from said closed-circuit, multicomponent, refrigerant cycle wherein the refrigerant is partially condensed phase separated, the vapor phase is cooled, condensed and expanded to a relatively low temperature and pressure and rewarmed against the vapor stream being rectified and then recompressed to an intermediate pressure, while the liquid phase is cooled, expanded to a relatively higher temperature and pressure, rewarmed against feed gas, mixed with the intermediate pressure refrigerant and the combined refrigerant is compressed to an elevated pressure and aftercooled sufficiently to partially condense the refrigerant to complete the circuit.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein 90% of the C₃ hydrocarbons of the feed gas are recovered in said heavy hydrocarbon product.

3. The process of claim 1 wherein 98% of the C₃ hydrocarbons of the feed gas are recovered in said heavy hydrocarbon product.

4. The process of claim 1 wherein a portion of the refrigeration necessary to perform the dephlegmation is supplied by reducing the temperature and pressure of the light gas stream by expanding the same through one or more expansion device(s).

5. The process of claim 1 wherein the multicomponent refrigerant is composed predominantly of two or more components selected from the group of:

nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane and unsaturated derivatives of those compounds.

6. The process of claim 1 wherein said product light gas stream is predominantly methane.

7. A process for the low temperature separation of a feed gas into a heavy hydrocarbon product containing C₃₊ hydrocarbons and a light gas stream containing H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, methane and/or C₂ hydrocarbons or other light gases using a two temperature and two pressure stage closed-circuit multicomponent refrigerant cycle comprising the steps of:

(a) cooling the feed gas to effect the partial condensation of said gas by indirect heat exchange against a relatively high temperature and pressure stage of said multicomponent refrigerant;

(b) initially phase separating the partially condensed feed gas into a heavy liquid containing heavy hydrocarbons and a vapor stream containing light feed gas components;

(c) further cooling the vapor stream, phase separating the stream into a light gas stream and additional heavy liquid wherein at least a portion of the cooling is obtained by indirect heat exchange against a relatively low temperature and pressure stage of said multicomponent refrigerant;

(d) recovering said heavy liquid as a heavy hydrocarbon product containing C₃₊ hydrocarbons;

(e) removing the light gas stream of step (c) as product light gas stream containing H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, methane and/or C₂ hydrocarbons or other light gases; and

(f) providing the predominant amount of the refrigeration for the process from said closed-circuit multicomponent refrigerant cycle wherein the refrigerant is partially condensed, phase separated, the vapor phase is cooled, condensed and expanded to a relatively low temperature and pressure and rewarmed against the vapor stream being cooled and then recompressed to an intermediate pressure, while the liquid phase is cooled, expanded to a relatively higher temperature and pressure, rewarmed against feed gas, mixed with the intermediate pressure refrigerant and the combined refrigerant is compressed to an elevated pressure and aftercooled sufficiently to partially condense the refrigerant to complete the circuit.

8. A process for the low temperature separation of a feed gas into a heavy hydrocarbon product containing C₃₊ hydrocarbons and a light gas stream containing H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, methane and/or C₂ hydrocarbons or other light gases using a two temperature and two pressure stage, closed-circuit, multicomponent refrigerant cycle comprising the steps of:

(a) cooling the feed gas to effect the partial condensation of said gas by indirect heat exchange against a relatively high temperature and pressure stage of said multicomponent refrigerant;

(b) initially phase separating the partially condensed feed gas into a heavy liquid containing heavy hydrocarbons and a vapor stream containing light feed gas components;

(c) rectifying the vapor stream by low temperature dephlegmation to produce a first light gas stream and additional heavy liquid wherein the rectification is obtained at least in part by indirect heat exchange against a relatively low temperature and pressure stage of said multicomponent refrigerant;

(d) introducing said heavy liquid into a distillation column as feed to said column;

(e) separating said liquid of step (d) in said distillation column into a heavy hydrocarbon product containing C₃₊ hydrocarbons derived from the bottom zone of said column and a second light gas stream derived from the upper zone of said column;

(f) removing the first light gas stream of step (c) and the second light gas stream of step (e) as product light gas streams containing H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, methane and/or C₂ hydrocarbons or other light gases; and

(g) providing the predominant amount of the refrigeration for the process from said closed-circuit, multicomponent, refrigerant cycle wherein the refrigerant is partially condensed, phase separated, the vapor phase is cooled, condensed and expanded to a relatively low temperature and pressure and rewarmed against the first vapor stream being rectified and then recompressed to an intermediate pressure, while the liquid phase is cooled, expanded to a relatively higher temperature and pressure, rewarmed against feed gas, mixed with the intermediate pressure refrigerant and the combined refrigerant is compressed to an elevated pressure and aftercooled sufficiently to partially condense the refrigerant to complete the circuit.

9. The process of claim 8 wherein 95% of the C₃ hydrocarbons of the feed gas are recovered in said heavy hydrocarbon product.

10. The process of claim 8 wherein said heavy liquid stream of step (c) is indirectly heat exchanged against the upper zone of said distillation column to provide reflux duty to said column.

11. The process of claim 8 wherein said multicomponent refrigerant is indirectly heat exchanged against the upper zone of said distillation column to provide reflux duty to said column.

12. The process of claim 8 wherein a slipstream or all of the feed gas is indirectly heat exchanged against the bottom zone of said distillation column to provide reboil duty to said column.

13. The process of claim 8 wherein said multicomponent refrigerant is indirectly heat exchanged against the bottom zone of said distillation column to provide reboil duty to said column.

14. The process of claim 8 wherein said first light gas stream and said second light gas stream are combined as a product light gas stream.

15. A process for the low temperature separation of a feed gas into a heavy hydrocarbon stream containing C₃₊ hydrocarbons and a light gas stream containing H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, methane and/or C₂ hydrocarbons or other light gases using a two temperature and two pressure stage closed-circuit multicomponent refrigerant cycle comprising the steps of:

(a) cooling the feed gas to effect the partial condensation of said gas by indirect heat exchange against a relatively high temperature and pressure stage of said multicomponent refrigerant;

(b) initially phase separating the partially condensed feed gas into a heavy liquid stream containing heavy hydrocarbons and a vapor stream containing light feed gas components;

(c) further cooling the vapor stream, phase separating the stream into a first light gas stream and additional heavy liquid, wherein at least a portion of the cooling is obtained by indirect heat exchange against a relatively low temperature and pressure stage of said multicomponent refrigerant;

(d) introducing said heavy liquid into a distillation column as feed to said column;

(e) separating said liquid in said distillation column into a heavy hydrocarbon product containing C₃₊ hydrocarbons derived from the bottom zone of said column and a second light gas stream derived from the upper zone of said column;

(f) removing the first light gas stream of step (c) and the second light gas stream of step (e) as product light gas streams containing H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, methane and/or C₂ hydrocarbons or other light gases; and

(g) providing the predominant amount of the refrigeration for the process from said closed-circuit multicomponent refrigerant cycle wherein the refrigerant is partially condensed, phase separated, the vapor phase is cooled, condensed and expanded to a relatively low temperature and pressure and rewarmed against the first vapor stream being cooled and then recompressed to an intermediate pressure, while the liquid phase is cooled, expanded to a relatively higher temperature and pressure, rewarmed against feed gas, mixed with the intermediate pressure refrigerant and the combined refrigerant is compressed to an elevated pressure and aftercooled sufficiently to partially condense the refrigerant to complete the circuit.