UPS apparatus with control protocols

• US 4,709,318 A
• Filed: 10/22/1986
• Issued: 11/24/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 10/22/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Liebert Corporation (Vertiv Holdings Co.)
• Original Assignee: Liebert Corporation (Vertiv Holdings Co.)
• Inventors: Powell, Jeffrey M., Gephart, Don A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Salce, Patrick R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hoff, Marc S.
• Application Number:
  US06/922,022
• Time in Patent Office: 398 Days
• Field of Search: 363/37, 363/49, 307/46, 307/64-66, 307/82
• US Class Current: 363/37
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/062 for AC powered loads
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3376 with automatic control of output voltage or current

Abstract

Power treatment apparatus of a UPS variety which includes a central node to which is coupled an a.c.-to-d.c. converter or conversion device, the a.c. side of which is connectable with line power and the d.c. side of which is coupled with the node. The node additionally is coupled to an output d.c.-to-a.c. converter or conversion device, the a.c. side of which is connectable with a load. Additionally, the node is coupled to a d.c.-to-d.c. converter which operates bidirectionally in conjunction with a rechargeable battery supply. The latter conversion device includes an inverter, the d.c. side of which is coupled to the battery and the a.c. side of which is coupled through a voltage boosting arrangement with a synchronous rectifier. A control protocol is developed for start-up procedures wherein the d.c./d.c. inverter is enabled only following a preliminary start-up evaluation procedure including power supply monitoring. Following this start-up, the output conversion device is enabled such that initial operation commences with battery power. Finally, the input converter is enabled to bring the node to its full operational voltage level.

Claims

1. Power supply apparatus employable with an a.c. source of given voltage and frequency characteristics for providing a regulated output to a load, comprising:

node means for receiving and conveying energy and exhibiting d.c. voltage levels;

input a.c.-to-d.c. converter means having an a.c. side connectable with said a.c. source and a d.c. side connected with said node means for effecting energy transmission from said a.c. source when enabled;

output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means having an a.c. side connectable with said load and a d.c. side connected with said node means for controllably deriving said related output when enabled;

battery means for providing a rechargeable storage reservoir and exhibiting given voltage levels;

d.c.-to-d.c. converter means coupled intermediate said node means and said battery means for controllably transferring energy from said battery means to said node means when enabled and for selectively effecting the charging of said battery means from said node means;

switch means for actuation between on and off conditions; and

control means including;

start-up control means responsive to said switch means actuation from said off to said condition, and further responsive to the to the presence of the first predetermined said given voltage level exhibited by said battery means, for deriving a start-up enabling for effecting said enablement of said d.c.-to-d.c. converter means to derive said node means d.c. voltage levels, and node monitoring circuit means responsive to said node means d.c. voltage levels for deriving a first mode voltage responsive signal when said node means d.c. voltage levels reach a predetermined start-up value, and

output control means responsive to said first node voltage responsive signal and said start-up enabling signal for effecting said enablement of said output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means.

2. The power supply apparatus of claim 1 in which:

said output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means includes output oscillator means for deriving the frequency of said a.c. side thereof;

said control means includes;

cross-over detection means responsive to derive a cross-over signal in correspondence with a zero voltage cross-over of said oscillator means; and

said output control means additionally is responsive to said cross-over signal in the presence of said first node voltage responsive signal and said start-up enabling signal for effecting said enablement of said output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means.

3. The power supply apparatus of claim 1 in which said start-up control means is responsive additionally to the time-out of a predetermined first start-up interval commencing with said switch means actuation for deriving said start-up enabling signal.

4. The power supply apparatus of claim 1 in which said control means includes:

power supply means responsive to said battery means and said switch means actuation for deriving supply outputs exhibiting predetermined voltage levels for energizing select components of said control means; and

said control means start-up control means includes power-up inhibit means responsive to a select said power supply means supply output for inhibiting the said enablement of said d.c.-to-d.c. converter means until said supply output develops a predetermined voltage level.

5. The power supply apparatus of claim 1 in which said control means includes:

power supply means responsive to said switch means actuation for deriving supply outputs, when enabled, exhibiting predetermined voltage levels;

said start-up control means includes time-limited enablement means responsive to said switch means actuation from said off to said on condition deriving said first voltage level for deriving a power supply enable signal for a predetermined supply start-up interval to enable said power supply means and for effecting said derivation of said start-up enabling signal, means for maintaining said power supply enable signal in response to said start-up enabling signal and the presence of at least a predetermined load related voltage level at said battery means.

6. The power supply apparatus of claim 5 in which:

said start-up control means is responsive additionally to the time-out of a predetermined first start-up interval commencing with said switch means actuation for deriving said start-up enabling signal; and

said time-limited enablement means predetermined supply startup interval is of greater extent than said predetermined first start-up interval, and further is responsive to said switch means actuation from said on to said off and thence to said on conditions to derive said power supply enablement signal subsequent to said battery means voltage level falling below said predetermined load related voltage level.

7. The power supply apparatus of claim 1 in which:

said control means includes an a.c. source evaluation means for deriving a source status signal in the presence of predetermined voltage values at said a.c. source; and

including input control means responsive to said first node voltage responsive signal, said start-up enabling signal and said source status signal for enabling said input a.c.-to-d.c. converter means.

8. The power supply apparatus of claim 1 including:

a.c. switching means coupled intermediate said a.c. source and said input a.c.-to-d.c. converter a.c. side for controllably conveying an input source corresponding to said a.c. source to said input inverter a.c. side when enabled; and

wherein said node monitoring circuit means includes means for enabling said a.c. switching means in response to said first node voltage responsive signal;

said control means includes a.c. source evaluation means for deriving a source status signal in the presence of predetermined voltage values of said input source; and

including input control means responsive to said first node voltage responsive signal, said start-up enabling signal and said source status signal for enabling said input a.c.-to-a.c. converter means.

9. The power supply apparatus of claim 1 in which:

said control means includes;

power supply means responsive to said battery means and said switch means actuation for deriving supply outputs exhibiting predetermined voltage levels for energizing select components of said control means;

said control means start-up control means includes power-up inhibit means responsive to a select said power supply means supply output for inhibiting the said enablement of said d.c.-to-d.c. converter means until said supply output develops a predetermined voltage level;

a.c. source evaluation means for deriving a source status signal in the presence of predetermined voltage values at said a.c. source; and

including input control means responsive to said first node voltage responsive signal, said start-up enabling signal and said source status signal for enabling said input a.c.-to-d.c. converter means.

10. The power supply apparatus of claim 1 in which:

said output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means includes output oscillator means for deriving the frequency of said a.c. side thereof;

said control means includes;

cross-over detection means responsive to derive a cross-over signal in correspondence with a zero voltage cross-over of said oscillator means;

said output control means additionally is responsive to said cross-over signal in the presence of said first node voltage responsive signal and said start-up enabling signal for effecting said enablement of said output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means;

power supply means responsive to said switch means actuation for deriving supply outputs, when enabled, exhibiting predetermined voltage levels; and

said start-up control means includes time-limited enablement means responsive to said switch means actuation from said off to said on condition deriving said first voltage level for deriving a power supply enable signal for a predetermined supply start-up interval to enable said power supply means and for effecting said derivation of said first start-up enabling signal, means for maintaining said power supply enable signal in response to said first start-up enabling signal and the presence of at least a predetermined load related voltage level at said battery means.

11. The power supply apparatus of claim 10 in which:

said time-limited enablement means predetermined supply start-up interval is of greater extent than said predetermined first start-up interval, and further is responsive to said switch means actuation from said on to said off and thence to said on conditions to derive said power supply enablement signal subsequent to said battery means voltage level falling below said predetermined load related voltage level.

12. The power supply apparatus of claim 1 including:

a.c. switching means coupled intermediate said a.c. source and said input a.c.-to-d.c. converter a.c. side for controllably conveying an input source corresponding to said a.c. source to said input converter a.c. side when enabled;

wherein said output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means includes output oscillator means for deriving the frequency of the a.c. side thereof;

said control means includes;

cross-over detection means responsive to derive a cross-over signal in correspondence with a zero voltage cross-over of said output oscillator means, and

said output control means additionally is responsive to said cross-over signal in the presence of said first node voltage responsive signal and said start-up enabling signal for effecting said enablement of said output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means,

said node monitoring circuit means includes means for enabling said a.c. switching means in response to said first node voltage responsive signal,

a.c. source evaluation means for deriving a source status signal in the presence of predetermined voltage values of said input source; and

including input control means responsive to said first node voltage responsive signal, said start-up enabling signal and said source status signal for enabling said input a.c.-to-d.c. converter means.

13. Power supply apparatus for use with an a.c. source of given voltage and frequency for providing an output to a load, comprising:

node means for receiving and conveying energy and exhibiting d.c. voltage levels;

a.c. control means connectable with said a.c. source for conveying corresponding a.c. energy to an output when enabled;

input a.c.-to-d.c. converter means having an a.c. side coupled with said a.c. control means output and a d.c. side connected with said node means for effecting energy transmission from said a.c. source when enabled and in response to a first control input;

battery means for providing a rechargeable storage reservoir and exhibiting given voltage levels;

oscillator means for providing an a.c. output of predetermined frequency and phase and having an input responsive to an applied a.c. signal of given phase derived from said a.c. control means output for effecting phase coincidence between said given phase and said output phase;

signal generation means for generating a triangle waveshape output of controlled amplitude;

output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means having an a.c. side connectable with said load and a d.c. side coupled with said node means controllably responsive to said oscillator means output and said signal generator means output for deriving said regulated output when enabled;

d.c.-to-d.c. converter means coupled intermediate said node means and said battery means for transferring energy from said battery means to said node means when enabled and in response to a said control input and for selectively effecting the charging of said battery means from energy at said node means;

control means including;

start-up control means responsive to the presence of a first predetermined said voltage level at said battery means for deriving a first enabling signal effecting said enablement of said d.c.-to-d.c. converter means to initially develop said node means voltage levels from said battery means, and

node monitoring circuit means responsive to said node means voltage levels for deriving a first node voltage responsive signal when said node means levels reach a predetermined first value; and

output control means responsive to said first enabling signal and said first node voltage responsive signal for effecting the enablement of said output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means.

14. The power supply apparatus of claim 13 in which:

said control means includes cross-over detection means responsive to a zero voltage cross-over by said oscillator means a.c. output for deriving a cross-over signal; and

said output control means is additionally responsive to said cross-over signal for effecting said enablement of said output d.c.-to-a.c.

15. The power supply apparatus of claim 13 in which said node monitoring circuit means includes means for enabling said a.c. control means in response to said first node voltage responsive signal.

16. The power supply apparatus of claim 13 in which:

said control means includes a.c. source evaluation means responsive to said a.c. control means output when enabled for deriving a source status signal in the presence of predetermined voltage values at said a.c. source; and

including input control means responsive to said a.c. source evalution means source status signal for enabling said input a.c.-to-d.c. converter means.

17. The power supply apparatus of claim 16 in which said input control means additionally is responsive to said first enabling signal and said first node voltage responsive signal for enabling said input d.c.-to-d.c. converter means.

18. The power supply apparatus of claim 16 in which:

said control means includes cross-over detection means responsive to a zero voltage cross-over by said oscillator means a.c. output for deriving a cross-over signal; and

said output control means is additionally responsive to said cross-over signal for effecting said enablement of said output d.c.-to-a.c. converter means.

19. The power supply apparatus of claim 18 in which said node monitoring circuit means includes means for enabling said a.c. control means in response to said first node voltage responsive signal.

20. The power supply apparatus of claim 13 in which:

said node monitoring circuit means includes;

attenuation network means coupled with said node means for deriving a line node output of first proportion with respect to instantaneous said node means voltage levels, and deriving a battery node output of second proportion with respect to instantaneous said node means voltage levels, said second proportion being lesser than said first proportion;

means defining a reference output;

first comparison network means responsive to compare said battery node output with said reference output to derive said d.c.-to-d.c. converter means second control input over a predetermined first range of said node means voltage levels extending to a predetermined nominal battery operational voltage level; and

second comparison network means responsive to compare said line node output with said reference output to derive said a.c.-to-d.c. input converter means first control input over a predetermined second range of said node means voltage levels extending substantially from said predetermined nominal battery operational voltage level to a predetermined nominal line operational level.

21. The power supply apparatus of claim 20 in which said attenuation network means includes means deriving control output in select proportion to instantaneous said node means voltage levels for effecting said signal generator means controlled triangle waveshape amplitude.

22. The power supply apparatus of claim 13 in which said control means includes:

power supply means responsive to said battery means and said switch means actuation for deriving supply outputs exhibiting predetermined voltage levels for energizing select components of said controls means; and

said control means start-up control means includes power-up inhibit means responsive to a select said power supply means supply output for inhibiting the said enablement of said d.c.-to-d.c. converter means until said supply output develops a predetermined voltage level.

23. Power supply apparatus for use with an a.c. source and providing an output for a load, comprising:

node means exhibiting given voltage levels;

an input converter having an a.c. side connectable with said a.c. source and a d.c. side coupled with said node means;

output converter means having a d.c. side connected with said node means and an a.c. side connectable with said load for supplying a regulated a.c. output thereto when enabled;

battery means for providing a rechargeable energy reservoir and exhibiting given voltage levels;

bidirectional inverter means having a d.c. side coupled with said battery means for energization thereform for providing an output of predetermined frequency when enabled;

bidirectional a.c.-to-d.c. converter means having a d.c. side coupled with said node means and responsive to said bidirectional inverter means output for energizing said node means;

control means including;

power supply means energizable from said battery means for deriving supply outputs exhibiting predetermined voltage levels;

start-up control means including power supply monitoring means for effecting said enablement of said bidirectional inverter means only when a select said power supply means output is at or above a predetermined said voltage level.

24. The power supply apparatus of claim 23 in which:

said bidirectional inverter means includes solid-state switching means selectively actuable to derive said output of predetermined frequency, and driver means for actuating said solid-state switching means when enabled; and

said power supply monitoring means effects said bidirectional inverter means enablement by enabling said driver means.

25. The power supply apparatus of claim 23 in which:

said control means start-up control means includes means responsive to the presence of a first predetermined said voltage level at said battery means and to the timeout of a predetermined start-up interval for deriving a start-up enabling signal; and

said power supply monitoring means is responsive in the presence of both said power supply means output predetermined said voltage level and said start-up enabling signal for effecting said enablement of said bidirectional inverter means.

26. The power suply apparatus of claim 25 in which said control means includes:

Node monitoring circuit means responsive to said Node means given voltage levels for deriving a node voltage responsive signal when said node means given levels reach a predetermined start-up value; and

output control means responsive to said node voltage responsive signal and said start-up enabling signal for effecting said enablement of said output converter means.