Measurement of ligand/anti-ligand interactions using bulk conductance
First Claim
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1. A method for determining the presence of a ligand in a fluid sample comprising:
- (a) localizing antiligand which interacts with said ligand in at least one predetermined region, said predetermined region being at least partially contained within a test volume;
(b) exposing said predetermined region to said fluid sample; and
(c) measuring the bulk conductance of said test volume to determine the occurrence of ligand-antiligand interaction in said predetermined region by detecting changes in the bulk conductance of said test volume due to ligand-antiligand interaction in said predetermined region.
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Abstract
Methods, apparatus and sensors are described for detection of specific ligands in a fluid sample by measuring ligand-specific changes in the bulk electrical conductance (or resistance) of a fixed test volume, with antiligand or ligand localized in or near that volume.
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Citations
85 Claims
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1. A method for determining the presence of a ligand in a fluid sample comprising:
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(a) localizing antiligand which interacts with said ligand in at least one predetermined region, said predetermined region being at least partially contained within a test volume; (b) exposing said predetermined region to said fluid sample; and (c) measuring the bulk conductance of said test volume to determine the occurrence of ligand-antiligand interaction in said predetermined region by detecting changes in the bulk conductance of said test volume due to ligand-antiligand interaction in said predetermined region. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 42, 43)
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34. A method for determining the presence of a ligand in a fluid sample comprising:
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(a) localizing ligand in at least one predetermined region, said predetermined region being at least partially contained within a test volume; (b) exposing said predetermined region to said fluid sample and to an antiligand which interacts both with said ligand in said fluid sample and said localized ligand; and (c) measuring the bulk conductance of said test volume to determine the occurrence of ligand-antiligand interaction by detecting changes in the bulk conductance of said test volume. - View Dependent Claims (35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
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41. A method for determining the presence of a ligand in a fluid sample comprising:
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(a) localizing antiligand which interacts with said ligand in at least one predetermined region, said predetermined region being separate from a test volume; (b) exposing said predetermined region to said fluid sample; and (c) measuring the bulk conductance of said test volume to determine the occurrence of ligand-antiligand interaction in said predetermined region by detecting changes in the bulk conductance of said test volume due to ligand-antiligand interaction in said predetermined region.
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44. A sensor for determining the presence of a ligand in a fluid sample, said sensor comprising:
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(a) means for localizing (i) antiligand which interacts with said ligand or (ii) ligand which interacts with an antiligand, which antiligand also interacts with said ligand in said fluid sample, said localizing means selected from the group consisting of (a) a semipermeable membrane which is permeable at least to said ligand or (b) a matrix material selected from the group consisting of gel beads, gel layers, glass beads, polymeric beads, microporous membranes, porous paper, and mixtures thereof; and (b) means for measuring the bulk conductance of a test volume which at least partially includes said localizing means.
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45. An apparatus for determining the presence of a ligand in a fluid sample, said apparatus comprising:
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(a) in at least one predetermined region of said apparatus, means for localizing (i) antiligand which interacts with said ligand or (ii) ligand which interacts with an antiligand, which antiligand also interacts with said ligand in said fluid sample, said localizing means selected from the group consisting of (a) a semipermeable membrane which is permeable at least to said ligand or (b) a matrix material selected from the group consisting of gel beads, gel layers, glass beads, polymeric beads, microporous membranes, porous paper, and mixtures thereof; (b) means for contacting said fluid sample with said localizing means; and (c) means for measuring the bulk conductance of a test volume which at least partially contains said predetermined region. - View Dependent Claims (46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85)
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Specification