Mobility guide tile for visually handicapped

• US 4,715,743 A
• Filed: 06/13/1986
• Issued: 12/29/1987
• Est. Priority Date: 06/13/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Donald W. Schmanski
• Original Assignee: Donald W. Schmanski
• Inventors: Schmanski, Donald W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Novosad, Stephen J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Letchford, John F.
• Application Number:
  US06/873,954
• Time in Patent Office: 564 Days
• Field of Search: 404/9, 404/6, 404/12, 404/15, 404/42, 404/35, 404/36, 404/39, 434/113, 434/112, 428/167, 428/172, 428/328, 116/DIG. 17, 116/63 R, 116/205, 52/177, 52/179, 52/181
• US Class Current: 404/9
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 3/066 Installations on the floor, e.g. special surfaces, to guide blind persons
• CPC Class Codes: E01C 5/18 made of rubber units of units made from other material and having a rubber upper layer E01C5/226
• CPC Class Codes: E01C 9/00 Special pavings specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds E01C13/00, for footpaths, sidewalks or cycle tracks E01C15/00; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields pavement lights E01C17/00; manholes or like covers or frames E02D29/14
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 116/17 Tactile
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/195 Beveled, stepped, or skived in thickness
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/2457 Parallel ribs and/or grooves
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24612 Composite web or sheet
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24736 Ornamental design or indicia
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/256 Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof

Abstract

A tile for positioning on walkways, crosswalks and other areas of pedestrian traffic for providing direction and warning to visually handicapped persons. The tile comprises a flat plate having a chamfered edge and including raised bumps coupled to a top surface of the plate and projecting upward therefrom to a maximum height of less than 8 millimeters. A flowable adhesive used at the chamfered edge provides for a tapered seal around the tile or for formation of an expansion joint between two contiguous tiles. The bumps are configured as truncated structure having a larger base and tapered to a top surface which bears the foot traffic. A bottom surface of the tile includes a uniform adhesive layer which enables attachment of the tile to a street surface. A system of tiles for assisting visually handicapped persons across the street is also disclosed and includes a combination of dot and bar tiles oriented to give direction to the pedestrian. An accompanying guide strip is attached at the street surface adjacent the dot and bar tiles and detected with the swing of a cane to lead along the preferred pedestrian course.

Claims

1. A tile for positioning on walkways, crosswalks and other areas of pedestrian traffic for providing direction and warning to visually handicapped persons, said tile comprising:

a flat plate comprised of a single layer of flexible, polymer composition with a top and bottom surface and including a chamfered edge around the periphery of the plate tapering to a lesser thickness at the extreme edge thereof;

raised bumps coupled and formed integrally with the top surface of the plate and of the same flexible, polymer composition, and projecting upward therefrom and being configured as truncated structure having a larger base attached at the top surface of the plate and tapering to a narrower top which includes a substantially flat, contacting surface adapted to withstand repeated contact with footware without significant wear;

said tile including a uniform adhesive layer applied at the bottom surface.

2. A tile as defined in claim 1, wherein the adhesive is free of fabric reinforcement or other filler that would inhibit flowability of the adhesive as the tile is compacted against pavement.

3. A tile as defined in claim 1, wherein the bump is approximately configured as a truncated hemisphere having a flat top surface substantially parallel with the flat plate.

4. A tile as defined in claim 1, wherein the bump is approximately configured as a truncated cone having a flat top surface substantially parallel with the flat plate.

5. A tile as defined in claim 1, wherein the flat surface of the bump includes a rough texture to provide traction against slipping.

6. A tile as defined in claim 1, wherein the bump is approximately configured as a half-section bar cut approximately along the longitudinal axis to form the larger base of the bump, the top of the bar being truncated to form the narrower top as a flat surface substantially parallel with the plate, each opposing end of the bar being rounded to resemble a quarter-sphere, the length of the bar extending nearly the full length of the plate.

7. A tile as defined in claim 6, wherein the flat surface of the bump includes a rough texture having roughening grooves and channels which are formed to a depth of approximately 0.25 milimeters.

8. A tile as defined in claim 6, wherein the flat surface of the bump includes means for developing frictional contact with footware contacting thereat.

9. A tile for positioning on walkways, crosswalks and other areas of pedestrain traffic for providing direction and warning to visually handicapped persons, said tile comprising:

a flat plate comprised of a flexible, polymer composition with a top and bottom surface;

raised bumps coupled integrally with the top surface of the plate and projecting upward therfrom and being configured as truncated structure which includes a substantially flat, contacting surface adapted to withstand repeated contact with footware without significant wear;

a rigid, noncompressible core having a diameter of less than one centimeter and being fully enclosed within at least one of the raised bumps near the bottom surface of the flat plate to increase the tactile sensitivity of the bump through the sole of the footware and to give the sensation of greater height than actually exists for the bump;

said tile including a uniform adhesive layer applied at the bottom surface.

10. A tile as defined in claim 9, wherein the core comprises an insert configured in the shape of a sphere.

11. A tile as defined in claim 9, wherein the core comprises an insert configured in a shape having at least one pointed end which is oriented toward the contacting surface of the bump.

12. A tile as defined in claim 9, wherein the core comprises a rigid rod totally embedded within an elongated bump.

13. A tile for positioning on walkways, crosswalks and other areas of pedestrian traffic for providing direction and warning to visually handicapped persons, said tile comprising:

a rigid plate having a top and bottom surface;

a plurality of raised bumps formed integrally with the top surface of the plate and projecting upward therefrom, said bumps being configured as truncated structure having a larger base attached at the top surface of the plate and tapering to a narrower top which includes a substantially flat surface adapted to withstand repeated contact with footware without significant wear;

said top surface further comprising an upward projecting dimple having sufficient height to enable its detection through the sole of a shoe;

a layer of resilient polymer material applied at the top surface and over the bumps to form a resilient top cover;

said tile including a uniform adhesive layer applied at the bottom surface.

14. A tile adhered on a walkway, crosswalk or other area of pedestrain traffic for providing direction and warning to visually handicapped persons, said tile comprising:

a flatplate comprised of a flexible, polymer composition with a top and bottom surface and including a chamfered edge around the periphery of the plate tapered to a lesser thickness at the extreme edge thereof;

raised bumps coupled integrally with the top surface of the plate and projecting upward therefrom and being configured as truncated structure which includes a substantially flat, contacting surface adapted to withstand repeated contact with footware without significant wear;

a uniform adhesive layer compressed between the bottom surface and a surface of the walkway, crosswalk or other area of pedestrain traffic;

said compressed adhesive layer forming a continuous retainer gasket around the chamfered periphery of the tile wherein the retainer gasket forms an integral projection of the adhesive layer above the top peripheral edge of the plate and in contact with the chamfered edge thereof to retain the edge in an adhered condition to the adhesive layer.

15. A plurality of tiles as defined in claim 14, wherein the retainer gasket is formed above a space between two butting chamfered edges of adjacent tiles.

16. A system of tiles for guiding a visually handicapped person across an intersection or street bounded in part by lowered curbing, such as occurs at curb-cut or blended corners, which directs pedestrain traffic toward a crosswalk area, said system being comprised of:

a plurality of tiles having raised bumps projecting upward from a top surface of the tile wherein the bumps are configured as elongated bars to form a bar tile, said bar tiles being attached to a walkway area which is adjacent to the lowered curbing or other area requiring caution and having a tile orientation in an elongated array such that all of the bars are longitudinally oriented toward a central section of the lowered curbing or caution area; and

a plurality of tiles having raised bumps projecting upward from a top surface of the tile wherein the bumps are configured as non-elongated raised dots of common cinfiguration to form a dot tile, said dot tiles being attached in side-by-side array to the walkway near one end of the bar tiles and along the lowered curb or caution area to form a dot tile barrier to give tactile notice of the curb or caution area to a visually handicapped person, a central part of the dot tile barrier being immediately proximate to one end of the elongated array of bar tiles;

the bar and dot tiles being configured in the general shape of a "T" wherein the bar tiles correspond to a leg portion of the T and the dot tiles correspond to a top cross segment at an end of the leg nearest the street, the combination being positioned where the visually handicapped person will encounter the bar tiles with a cane or by tactile detection under foot, whereupon the bar tiles provide an indication of direction, based upon the direction of the elongated bumps, to the top of the T which is detected by sensing the dots of the dot tiles, the dot tiles further providing an indication of location of hazardous curbing and adjacent traffic flow.

17. A system of tiles as defined in claim 16, wherein the bar tiles are positioned on the walkway as two rows of tiles in side-by-side, parallel array, a most forward edge of the bar tile array toward the street being abutted against dot tiles forming part of the dot tile barrier which includes two rows of dot tiles in side-by-side array.

18. A system for guiding visually handicapped persons as defined in claim 16, further comprising a guide strip for attachment at a street surface to define a proper course for a visually handicapped person to utilize in crossing a street, one end of the guide strip being positioned near a curb bounding the street, said guide strip comprising an elongated body having (i) a flat bottom surface including means for adhering the strip to the street surface, and (ii) a top surface including a continuous and uninterrupted track adapted for contact with a distal end of a cane or cue to provide continuous tactile guidance to the handicapped person controlling the cane or cur for crossing the street.

19. A system of tiles as defined in claim 16, further comprising a guide strip attached at a street surface to define a proper course for crossing the street, one end of the guide strip being positioned near the curbing along a common longitudinal axis of the array of bar tiles, said guide strip comprising an elongated body having (i) a flat bottom surface including means for adhering the strip to the street surface;

and (ii) a top surface including a continuous track adapted for contact with a distal end of a cane or cue to provide continuous tactile guidance to the handicapped person controlling the cane or cue for crossing the street.

20. A system of tiles as defined in claim 19, wherein the guide strip comprises an elongated, flat slat having a flat bottom including a layer of adhesive applied thereto;

the top of the slat having an indented track or groove configured in size to receive the end of the cane or cue.

21. A system of tiles as defined in claim 19, wherein the guide strip comprises an elongated, flat slat having a flat bottom including a layer of adhesive applied thereto;

the top of the slat having a projecting ridge as a track configured in size to provide a shoulder against which the end of the cane or cue may be slid to provide the desired tactile guidance.