Zero-voltage switching quasi-resonant converters

• US 4,720,668 A
• Filed: 06/20/1986
• Issued: 01/19/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 06/20/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University A Institute of Higher Education of VA
• Inventors: Liu, Kwang-Hwa, Lee, Fred C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hoff, Marc S.
• Application Number:
  US06/877,185
• Time in Patent Office: 578 Days
• Field of Search: 323/222, 323/235, 323/271, 323/272, 323/282-287, 323/319, 363/18
• US Class Current: 323/271
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/155 using semiconductor devices only

Abstract

A quasi-resonant converter is disclosed as comprising a power source, a load and a resonant switch circuit for periodically connecting the power source to the load. The resonant switch circuit includes a switch for connecting the power source to the load and for disconnecting the power source from the load, and a resonant circuit comprised of a resonant capacitor and a resonant inductor. The switch is operated at a switching frequency in excess of 1 MHz and in the order of 10 to 20 MHz or greater. The resonant circuit is connected to the switch to impose thereon a voltage waveform as developed across the resonant capacitor. The resonant capacitor and the resonant inductor have respective impedances selected to shape the voltage waveform such that a zero-voltage condition is imposed upon the switch when it is disposed to its on state, whereby the parasitic capacitive losses associated with the switch are eliminated.

Claims

1. A quasi-resonant converter comprising:

(a) a power source;

(b) a load;

(c) a low pass filter formed from at least an inductor and a capacitor for filtering a signal applied to said load; and

(d) a resonant switch means including;

(1) a switch for connecting said power source to said load and for disconnecting said power source from said load, said switch operative in an on state and in an off state, and

(2) a resonant capacitor and a resonant inductor coupled together at a common node to form a resonant circuit said common node being operatively connected to said switch, said resonant circuit for imposing a voltage waveform across said switch, said resonant circuit coupled to said switch, and said resonant capacitor and said resonant inductor having respective impedances selected to shape said voltage waveform such that a zero-voltage condition is imposed upon said switch when said switch is disposed to its on state.

2. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is included means for disposing said switch to its on state and then to its off state in periodic cycles at a selected switching frequency F_s.

3. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 2, wherein said off state of each cycle is of a selected period.

4. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 3, wherein said off period is determined by the impedances respectively of said resonant capacitor and said resonant inductor.

5. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switch is disposed to its on state for connecting said power source to said load and for imposing said voltage waveform across said switch, and disposed to its off state for disconnecting said power source from said load.

6. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switch is disposed to its off state for connecting said power source to said load and for imposing said voltage waveform across said switch, and is disposed to its on state for disconnecting said power source from said load.

7. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switch comprises a bipolar transistor.

8. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein wherein said switch comprises an FET.

9. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switch is disposed to its on state to permit a current flow in a first direction from said voltage source to said load and to block the current flow in a second, opposite direction, and disposable to its off state to block the current flow in said first direction, for operating said quasi-resonant converter in a full-wave mode.

10. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 9, wherein said switch comprises a semiconductor switch disposable to its on state to permit a current flow in said first direction, and a diode coupled in series with said semiconductor switch to block the current flow in said second direction.

11. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said resonant capacitor is coupled in parallel with said switch to form a parallel circuit, and said resonant inductor is coupled in series with said parallel circuit.

12. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 11, wherein said switch comprises a FET.

13. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 11, wherein said switch comprises a bipolar transistor.

14. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode coupled in series with each other to form a series circuit, said switch being disposable to its on state, whereby said transistor is rendered conductive to permit a current flow in a first direction from said power source via said conductive transistor and said diode to said load, said resonant capacitor coupled in parallel with said series circuit to form a parallel circuit, and said resonant inductor connected in series with said parallel circuit, whereby said quasi-resonant converter is operative in a full-wave mode.

15. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 14, wherein said transistor is a bipolar transistor.

16. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 14, wherein said transistor is a FET.

17. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode coupled in series with each other to form a first series circuit, said switch being disposable to its on state, whereby said transistor is rendered conductive to permit current flow in a first direction from said power source via said conductive transistor and said diode to said load, said resonant capacitor coupled in series with said power source to form a second series circuit, said second series circuit coupled in parallel with said first series circuit to form a parallel circuit, and said resonant inductor coupled in series with said parallel circuit, whereby said quasi-resonant converter is operative in a full-wave mode.

18. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode connected in anti-parallel across said transistor and said resonant capacitor to form a parallel circuit, said resonant inductor connected in series with said parallel circuit, said switch disposable to its on state to render said transistor conductive to permit a current flow in a first direction from said power source to said load and disposable to its off state to render said transistor non-conductive, said diode is disposed to permit the current flow in a second, opposite direction, whereby said quasi-resonant converter is operative in a half-wave mode.

19. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 18, wherein said transistor is a bipolar transistor.

20. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 18, wherein said transistor is a FET.

21. The quasi-resonant converters as claimed in claim 1, wherein said resonant capacitor is connected in series with said power source to form a first series circuit, said switch comprises a transistor and a diode connected in anti-parallel across said transistor and said first series circuit to form a parallel circuit, said resonant inductor connected in series with said parallel circuit, said switch disposable to its first state to render said transistor conductive to permit a current flow in a first direction from said power source to said load and disposable to its off state to render said transistor nonconductive, said diode is disposed to permit the current flow in a second, opposite direction, whereby said quasi-resonant converter is operative in a half-wave mode.

22. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said power source comprises a voltage source and an input inductor coupled in series with said power source to provide a series circuit, said input inductor having an impedance sufficiently large to output a substantially constant level current from said series circuit, said resonant capacitor and said switch being connected in parallel with said series circuit to form a parallel circuit, said resonant inductor being connected in series with said parallel circuit, said load comprising an output diode coupling said resonant inductor to an output capacitor and an output resistor coupled in parallel with said output capacitor, whereby a quasi-resonant boost converter is formed.

23. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 22, wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode coupled in anti-parallel with each other and in parallel with said resonant capacitor to operate in a half-wave mode.

24. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 22 wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode connected in series with each other to form a second series circuit connected in parallel with said resonant capacitor, whereby said quasi-resonant converter operates in a full-wave mode.

25. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said load comprises an output diode, an output capacitor connected in series with an output inductor to form a series circuit coupled in parallel with said output diode, and an output resistor coupled in parallel with said output capacitor, said resonant switch circuit is configured such that said resonant capacitor is coupled in parallel with said switch to form a parallel circuit, and said resonant inductor is coupled in series with said parallel circuit and to the point of interconnection between output diode and said output inductor to form thereby a quasi-resonant buck converter.

26. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 25, wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode connected in series with said transistor to form a second series circuit coupled in parallel with said resonant capacitor to permit said quasi-resonant converter to operate in a full-wave mode.

27. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 25, wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode coupled in anti-parallel with said transistor and said resonant capacitor to form a second parallel circuit, said resonant inductor coupled in series with said second parallel circuit, whereby said quasi-resonant converter operates in a half-wave mode.

28. The quasi-resonant converted as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is included a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, said transformer exhibiting a characteristic leakage inductance, said load being coupled to said secondary winding and comprising an output capacitor, an output resistor and an output rectifier diode coupled in series with said output capacitor, said output resistor being coupled in parallel with said output capacitor, said switch operable in its on state for coupling said power source to said primary winding, for delivering a charging current to said secondary winding and to said load, said resonant inductance comprising said leakage inductance and being coupled to said resonant capacitor to form said resonant circuit.

29. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 28, wherein said resonant capacitor is connected in parallel to said switch to form a parallel circuit, said parallel circuit being connected to said primary winding of said transformer.

30. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 28, wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode coupled in parallel with said resonant capacitor to form a parallel circuit, said parallel circuit connected to said primary winding of said transformer.

31. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 28, wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode coupled in parallel with each other to form a parallel circuit, said parallel circuit coupled in series with said power source and said resonant capacitor to form a series circuit, said series circuit is coupled to said primary winding of said transformer.

32. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 28, wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode connected in series with said transistor to form a series circuit, said resonant capacitor connected in parallel with said series circuit to form a parallel circuit, said parallel circuit connected to said primary winding of said transformer, whereby said quasi-resonant flyback converter operates in a full-wave mode.

33. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 28, wherein said switch comprises a transistor and a diode connected in series with each other to form a first series circuit, said resonant capacitor connected in series with said power source to form a second series circuit, said second series circuit connected in parallel with said first series circuit to form a parallel circuit, said parallel circuit connected to said primary winding of said transformer, whereby said quasi-resonant flyback converter operates in a full-wave mode.

39. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 1, an output current flows through said load, said output current being set to exceed a minimum value, whereby said voltage waveform imposes said zero-voltage condition on said switch, when said switch is disposed to its on state.

34. A quasi-resonant converter comprising:

(a) a power source;

(b) a load;

(c) a low pass filter formed from at least an indicator and a capacitor for filtering said load; and

(d) a resonant switch means comprising;

(1) switch for connecting said power source to said load and for disconnecting said power source from said load, said switch operative in an on state and in an off state,

(2) a resonant capacitor and a resonant inductor coupled together to form a resonant circuit for imposing a voltage waveform across said switch, said resonant circuit coupled to said switch, and said resonant capacitor and said resonant inductor having respective impedances selected to shape said voltage waveform such that a zero-voltage condition is imposed upon said switch when said switch is disposed to its on state, and wherein said resonant capacitor is coupled to said switch and said resonant indicator to shape said voltage waveform such that a zero-voltage condition is imposed upon said switch when said switch is disosed in its off state; and

(3) means for disposing said switch to its on state and then to its off state in periodic cycles at a switching frequency F_s in excess of 1 MHz.

35. A quasi-resonant converter comprising:

(a) a power source;

(b) a load;

(c) a low pass filter formed from at least an inductor and a capacitor for filtering a signal applied to said load; and

(d) a resonant switch circuit including;

(1) a switch for connecting said power source to said load and for disconnecting said power source from said load, said switch operative in an on state and in an off state, in periodic cycles at a selected switching frequency F_s, and

(2) a resonant capacitor and a resonant inductor coupled together to form a resonant circuit for imposing a voltage waveform across said switch, said resonant circuit coupled to said switch, and said resonant capacitor and said resonant inductor having respective impedances selected to shape said voltage waveform such that a zero-voltage condition is imposed upon said switch when said switch is disposed to its on state and wherein said switch is disposed to its off state to simultaneously impose said voltage waveform across said switch, said impedances of said resonant capacitor and resonant inductor reing selected to form said voltage waveform such that said voltage waveform is at substantially zero volts when said switch is next disposed to its on state.

36. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 35 wherein said impedances of said resonant capacitor and said resonant inductor are selected respectively to produce a resonant frequency F_r of said resonant circuit greater than said switching frequency F_s.

37. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 36, wherein said power source provides an input current and said load includes a resistive component, said input current and said resistive component being set to exceed respectively a minimum value and to be less than a maximum value, whereby said voltage waveform imposes said zero-voltage condition on said switch.

38. The quasi-resonant converter as claimed in claim 37, wherein an output voltage is developed across said load and said converter has a characteristic impedance defined by the square root of the impedances of said resonant capacitor and said resonant inductor, said voltage waveform comprising a DC component and an AC component according to the product of said input current and said characteristic impedance, said input current and said characteristic impedance being selected such that said voltage waveform imposes said zero-voltage condition upon said switch when said switch is disposed to its on state.

40. A quasi-resonant converter comprising:

(a) a power source;

(b) a load;

(c) a low pass filter formed from at least an inductor and a capacitor for filtering a signal applied to said load; and

(d) a resonant switch means including;

(1) a switch for connecting said power source to said load and for disconnecting said power source from said load, said switch operative in an on state and in an off state, and

(2) a resonant capacitor and a resonant inductor coupled together to form a resonant circuit for imposing a voltage waveform across said switch, said resonant circuit coupled to said switch, and said resonant capacitor and said resonant inductor having respective impedances selected to shape said voltage waveform such that a zero-voltage condition is imposed upon said switch when said switch is disposed to its on state, said voltage waveform including a DC component and an AC component, wherein said AC component is greater than said DC component such that said voltage waveform imposes said zero-voltage condition upon said switch, when said switch is disposed to its on state.

41. A quasi-resonant converter comprising:

(a) a power source;

(b) a load;

(c) a low pass filter formed from at least an inductor and a capacitor for filtering a signal applied to said load; and

(d) a resonant switch means including;

a switch for connecting said power source to said load, said resonant capacitor being coupled in series with said power source to form a series circuit, said series circuit being coupled in parallel with said switch to form a parallel circuit, said parallel circuit being connected in series with said resonant inductor, coupled together to form a resonant circuit for imposing a voltage waveform across said switch and said resonant capacitor and said resonant inductor having respective impedances selected to shape said voltage waveform such that a zero-voltage condition is imposed upon said switch when said switch is disposed to its on state.