Holograms embossed into metal surfaces

• US 4,725,111 A
• Filed: 07/29/1986
• Issued: 02/16/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 07/29/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: American Bank Note Holographics, Inc. (Lumentum Holdings Inc.)
• Original Assignee: American Bank Note Holographics, Inc. (Lumentum Holdings Inc.)
• Inventors: D'Amato, Salvatore F., Weitzen, Edward H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Arnold, Bruce Y.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ryan, Jay P.
• Application Number:
  US06/891,544
• Time in Patent Office: 567 Days
• Field of Search: 350/3.6, 350/3.69, 350/3.85, 29/DIG. 37, 72/200, 72/202, 72/362, 72/364, 72/700, 72/344, 108/165, 206/139, 101/4, 101/6, 101/7, 101/8, 101/25, 101/27, 101/32, 101/35, 219/216, 219/243, 219/244, 219/388
• US Class Current: 359/12
• CPC Class Codes: B42D 25/328 Diffraction gratings; Holograms
• CPC Class Codes: B44B 5/0009 Rotating embossing tools
• CPC Class Codes: B44B 5/028 Heated dies
• CPC Class Codes: B44F 1/02 produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B44F 7/00 Designs imitating three-dimensional effects
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/0244 Surface relief holograms replicating hologram without interference recording G03H1/0276
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/0272 Substrate bearing the hologram
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 1/028 by embossing
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2270/13 Metallic
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2270/21 Curved bearing surface
• CPC Class Codes: G03H 2270/52 Integrated surface relief hologram without forming layer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 29/037 Stamping with other step
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 359/90 Methods
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31678 Of metal

Abstract

A process for embossing diffraction patterns and holograms directly onto surfaces of metal material, such as aluminum, and products made thereby. Temperature ranges for optimizing the embossing are disclosed, being related to the yield strength of the material being embossed. End products include household aluminum foil with embossed holograms, and aluminum beverage cans with an embossed hologram on its outside.

Claims

1. A method of forming a hologram in a surface of aluminum, comprising:

forming a metal master hologram containing fine grooves corresponding to an interference pattern formed by intersecting two coherent beams with each other at a finite angle therebetween, one of said beams carrying information of an object.

heating said aluminum surface, and

impressing the grooves of said metal master hologram against said aluminum surface while heated, thereby to form a hologram in said surface from which said object information may be viewed.

2. A method of forming a diffraction grating in a surface, comprising:

selecting a metal having a yield strength that rapidly decreases as a function of its temperature over a given small increasing temperature range while decreasing much more gradually over a higher adjacent temperature range,

heating the selected metal to a temperature that is substantially at least that of a higher portion of said given range but significantly less than a temperature which causes the metal to become plastic, and

embossing a two-dimensional diffractive pattern into a surface of said metal while being so heated.

3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the step of heating the selected metal includes heating said metal to a temperature that is substantially that of the higher portion of said given range.

4. A method according to claim 2 wherein said diffraction grating is a fine surface relief pattern formed by the interference of two light beams.

5. The method according to claim 4 wherein said diffraction grating is a hologram.

6. A method according to claim 2 wherein said selected metal is an aluminum alloy in form of a beverage can.

7. A method according to claim 2 wherein said selected metal is an aluminum alloy in the form of thin, flexible wrapping foil.

8. A method according to claim 2 wherein said selected metal is either pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

9. A method according to claim 2 wherein the step of embossing a diffraction pattern includes the steps of selecting an embossing plate having a yield strength within said given temperature range that is significantly higher than that of said metal, forming the diffraction pattern in a surface of said embossing metal, and forcing the embossing metal surface against said selected metal surface at a pressure sufficient to permanently deform said selected metal.