Identification system

• US 4,730,188 A
• Filed: 12/30/1985
• Issued: 03/08/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/1984
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Digital Angel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Identification Devices, Inc.
• Inventors: Milheiser, Thomas A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weldon, Ulysses
• Application Number:
  US06/814,492
• Time in Patent Office: 799 Days
• Field of Search: 375/88, 375/45, 375/62, 370/53, 455/118, 343/6.5 R, 343/6.5 LC, 343/6.8 LC, 340/825.54, 340/825.0, 340/825.55, 340/825.69, 340/825.72, 340/825.34, 340/825.94, 340/572
• US Class Current: 340/10.42
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/28 the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/044 using a single bit, e.g. start stop bit
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/046 using a dotting sequence

Abstract

A passive integrated transponder (PIT) is attached to or embedded in an item to be identified. It is excited via an inductive coupling from an interrogator. The PIT responds to the interrogator via the inductive coupling with a signal constituting a stream of data unique to the identified item. The signal is in the form of two different frequencies, a shift from one frequency to the second during a bit cell representing a data "one", and a shift from the second frequency to the first frequency representing a data "zero". The responsive signal is then detected and processed for utilization in a data storage or display device.

Claims

1. An object identification system, comprising:

an interrogator comprising means for sending a continuous interrogation signal and means for detecting a responsive identification signal, and

a transponder comprising means for detecting said interrogation signal and for transmitting an identification signal in response to said detection,

wherein said identification signal extends over a plurality of bit cells of equal length in time, and comprises a preamble portion having a specified number of bit cells and an identification portion having a specified number of bit cells, and a further encoded portion having a specified number of bit cells having a predetermined signal content interposed between said preamble portion and said identification portion; and

wherein said preamble and identification portions of said identification signal are transmitted according to a first format in which a signal transmission parameter is varied between first and second values during each of said bit cells, and wherein said further encoded portion is transmitted according to a second format in which said identification signal is transmitted without variation in said transmission parameter for a period at least equal to one bit cell.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said interrogator and said transponder are inductively coupled, such that said transponder is powered by said interrogation signal transmitted by said interrogator.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein said interrogation signal is an RF signal of specified frequency.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein said bit cells are synchronized to said RF interrogation signal.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the frequency of said bit cells is an integer factor of the frequency of said RF interrogation signal.

6. The system of any one of claims 1-5 wherein said identification signal is a frequency shift keyed signal.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein said frequency shift keyed identification signal is varied between first and second frequencies substantially at the center of said bit cells, the direction of said variation in a given bit cell encoding a data value to be sent during said bit cell.

8. The system of claim 5 wherein the frequency of said bit cells is derived from the RF interrogation signal by successive integer division thereof.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said integer division is performed by cascaded flip-flop circuit elements.

10. The system of any of of claims 1-5 wherein said identification signal comprises a sequence of digital bits, said sequence being stored in solid-state memory means.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein said solid-state memory means is a diode matrix.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein in said first format said transmission parameter is varied in the center of each bit cell.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein said transmission parameter is frequency.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein in the first format the frequency of the identification signal is varied from a relatively low to a relatively high frequency during a bit cell to transmit a data zero and from a relatively high frequency to a relatively low frequency to transmit a data one.

15. A transponder for use in an object identification system of the type comprising an interrogator comprising means for sending a continuous interrogation signal and means for detecting a responsive identification signal,

said transponder comprising means for detecting said interrogation signal and for transmitting an identification signal in response to said detection,

wherein said identification signal extends over a plurality of bit cells of equal length in time, and comprises a preamble portion having a specified number of bit cells, a data portion hving a specified number of bit cells, and a further portion having a specified number of bit cells each having a predetermined signal content interposed between said preamble portion and said data portion, and

wherein said preamble and data portions are transmitted according to a first format in which a signal transmission parameter is varied between first and second values during each of said bit cells, and said further portion is transmitted according to a second format in which the identification signal is transmitted without variation in said transmission parameter for a period at least equal to one bit cell.

16. The transponder of claim 15 wherein said transponder includes means for inductively coupling to said interrogator, such that said transponder is powered by said interrogation signal transmitted by said interrogator.

17. The transponder of claim 16 wherein said interrogation signal is an RF signal of specified frequency.

18. The transponder of claim 17 wherein said bit cells are synchronized to said RF interrogation signal.

19. The transponder of claim 18 wherein the frequency of said bit cells is an integer factor of the frequency of said RF interrogation signal.

20. The transponder of any one of claims 15-19 wherein said identification signal is a frequency shift keyed signal.

21. The transponder of claim 20 wherein said frequency shift keyed identification signal is varied between first and second frequencies substantially at the center of said bit cells, the direction of said variation in a given bit cell encoding a data value to be sent during said bit cell.

22. The transponder of claim 19 wherein the frequency of said bit cells is derived from the RF interrogation signal by successive integer division thereof.

23. The transponder of claim 22 wherein said integer division is performed by cascaded flip-flop circuit elements.

24. The transponder of any one of claims 15-19 wherein said identification signal comprises a sequence of digital bits, said sequence being stored in solid-state memory means.

25. The transponder of claim 15, wherein in said first format said transmission parameter is varied in the center of each bit cell.

26. The transponder of claim 15, wherein said transmission parameter is frequency.

27. The transponder of claim 26, wherein the frequency of the identification signal is varied from a relatively low to a relatively high frequency during a bit cell to transmit a data zero, and from a relatively high frequency to a relatively low frequency to transmit a data one.

28. Method for identifying objects, comprising the steps of:

emitting a continuous interrogation signal from an interrogator;

detecting said interrogation signal at a transponder in the vicinity of said interrogator;

transmitting an encoded identification signal from said transponder to said interrogator; and

receiving and decoding said encoded identification signal at said interrogator;

wherein said identification signal includes a first preamble portion, a last identification portion, and a further portion interposed between said first and last portions,

wherein said preamble and identification portions each have a number of equally-spaced bit cells, and said further portion comprises a number of bit cells each of predetermined signal content and

wherein said preamble and identification portions are transmitted according to a first format in which a signal transmission parameter is varied between first and second values during each of said bit cells, and said further portion is transmitted according to a second format in which said transmission parameter is not varied for a period at least equal to one bit cell.

29. The method of claim 28 wherein said step of receiving the interrogation signal includes the step of receiving power from the interrogation signal.

30. The method of claim 28 wherein said step of transmitting the encoded identification signal includes the step of generating a clock signal derived from the interrogation signal and synchronizing the portions of the identification signal thereto.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein said clock signal is derived from said interrogation signal by integer division thereof in flip-flop circuit elements.

32. The method of claim 28 wherein said identification signal is a frequency-shift-keyed signal according to which the data transmitted as part of said identification signal is encoded by variation of the frequency of transmission.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein said variation is between first and second frequencies, each being integral factors of the frequency of the interrogation signal.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein said identification signal is divided into bit cells synchronized to said identification signal.

35. The method of claim 34 wherein said bit cells are defined by division of said interrogation signal.

36. The method of claim 35 wherein said variation of the frequency of the signal occurs substantially at the center of each bit cell, and its direction is responsive to the data value to be encoded during the bit cell.

37. The system of claim 28, wherein in said first format said transmission parameter is varied in the center of each bit cell.

38. The method of claim 28, wherein said transmission parameter is frequency.

39. The system of claim 38, wherein the frequency of the identification signal is varied from a relatively low to a relatively high frequency during a bit cell to transmit a data zero and from a relatively high frequency to a relatively low frequency to transmit a data one.