Object sensing arrangement

• US 4,730,690 A
• Filed: 09/02/1986
• Issued: 03/15/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 09/02/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Caterpillar Industrial Incorporated Mentor Ohio
• Original Assignee: Caterpillar Industrial Inc (Caterpillar Incorporated)
• Inventors: McNutt, Robert L., Wible, John E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weaver, Ross
• Application Number:
  US06/902,726
• Time in Patent Office: 560 Days
• Field of Search: 180/274, 180/275, 180/277, 180/278, 180/279, 340/61, 293/4, 293/5
• US Class Current: 180/274
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 19/02 Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects B60R19/56 takes precedence; initiating brake action by contact of bumper with an external object B60T7/22; for rail vehicles B61F19/04; safety equipment for cycles B62J27/00; integral with waterborne vessels or specially adapted therefor B63B59/02
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 7/22 initiated by contact of vehicle, e.g. bumper, with an external object, e.g. another vehicle , or by means of contactless obstacle detectors mounted on the vehicle

Abstract

An arrangement for sensing an object relative to the side of a vehicle requires physical contact between the arrangement and the object. Therefore, mechanically operated object sensing arrangements are prone to damage, frequent malfunctions, and premature failure. An object sensing arrangement for identifying an object within a preselected minimum distance spaced from a first side of a vehicle has first reflective target movably connected to the first side at a location on the first side adjacent a first end portion, and a first connecting apparatus movably connects a first signaling apparatus to the first side at a first location on the first side adjacent a frame second end portion. The first signaling apparatus delivers a first signal to the first reflective target and receives a reflection of the first delivered signal from the first reflective target. The first connecting apparatus is movable in a direction toward the first side and in a passing relationship with the first side in response to an external force being applied to the first connecting apparatus. Therefore, the aforementioned problems related to damage caused by physical contact and the like are alleviated. The object sensing arrangement is particularly suited for use on a material handling vehicle.

Claims

1. An object sensing arrangement for a vehicle having a frame, said frame having first and second spaced apart sides and first and second spaced apart end portions connected to and between the first and second spaced apart sides, comprising:

a first reflective target;

a first mounting means for movably connecting the first reflective target to the frame first side at a location on the frame first side adjacent the frame first end portion;

first signaling means for delivering a first signal to the first reflective target and receiving a reflection of said first delivered signal from said first reflective target;

first connecting means for movably connecting said first signaling means to said frame first side at a first location on the frame first side between the frame first and second end portions and adjacent the frame second end portion, and for maintaining said first signaling means for movement in a direction toward said frame first side, in a passing relationship with said frame first side, and to a location between the frame first and second sides in response to an external force being applied to said first connecting means in a direction toward said frame first side.

2. An object sensing arrangement, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first mounting means includes a first bumper having first and second spaced apart end portions, said first bumper first end portion being connected to the frame first side at a location on the frame first side adjacent the frame first end portion, and said first bumper second end portion being connected to the frame second side at a location on the frame second side adjacent the frame first end portion.

3. An object sensing arrangement, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first connecting means normally biases said first signaling means to an aligned signal reflecting position relative to said first reflective target at which at least a portion of the first signaling means is spaced outwardly from the frame first side.

9. An object sensing arrangement, as set forth in claim 2, wherein said first bumper has an upper edge extending between the first bumper first and second end portions and said first reflective target includes:

a post having first and second spaced apart end portions and being connected at said post first end portion to the first bumper first end portion, said post extending elevationally upwardly from the first bumper first end portion to a location past the first bumper upper edge; and

a retro-reflective material connected to the post second end portion at a location on the post second end portion spaced elevationally above the first bumper upper edge, said retro-reflective material facing said first signaling means.

10. An object sensing arrangement, as set forth in claim 2, wherein said first bumper is constructed of a flexible material and pivotally connected at the first bumper first and second end portions to the frame first and second sides, respectively.

11. An object sensing arrangement, as set forth in claim 3, wherein said first bumper is constructed of a flexible material and movable from an at rest position in response to an external force being applied thereto, said first reflective target being movable in response to movement of the first bumper from said at rest position, and said first reflective target being positioned to reflect said first signal to said first signaling means at the at rest position of the first bumper.

4. An object sensing arrangement for a vehicle having a frame, said frame having first and second spaced apart sides and first and second spaced apart end portions connected to and between the first and second spaced apart sides, comprising:

a first reflective target;

a first mounting means for movably connecting the first reflective target to the frame first side at a location on the frame first side adjacent the frame first end portion;

first signaling means for delivering a first signal to the first reflective target and receiving a reflection of said first delivered signal from said first reflective target;

first connecting means for movably connecting said first signaling means to said frame first side at a first location on the frame first side adjacent the frame second end portion, said first signaling means being movable in a direction toward said frame first side, in a passing relationship with said frame first side, and to a location between the frame first and second sides in response to an external force being applied to said first connecting means in a direction toward said frame first side, said frame first side having a first aperture positioned at said first location on the frame first side adjacent the frame second end portion, and said first connecting means includes;

an elongate strip having first and second spaced apart end portions and a middle portion;

a fastener connecting the first end portion of the elongate strip to the frame; and

means for securing the first signaling means to the elongate strip middle portion, said elongate strip middle portion being disposed in and extending through said first aperture at the aligned position of the first signaling means.

5. An object sensing arrangement, as set forth in claim 4, wherein said elongate strip is formed of a flexible spring steel.

6. An object sensing arrangement, as set forth in claim 4, wherein said first connecting means includes a first adjusting means for adjusting the position of said first signaling means relative to said first reflective target.

7. An object sensing arrangement, as set forth in claim 6, wherein said first adjusting means includes:

a threaded bore disposed in the frame first side at a location adjacent the elongate strip second end portion; and

an adjusting screw screwthreadably disposed in the threaded bore and engageable with the elongate strip second end portion, said elongate strip being yieldably movable at said first end portion in response to longitudinal movement of the adjusting screw relative to the frame first and second sides.

8. An object sensing arrangement, as set forth in claim 4, wherein the elongate strip middle portion has an aperture disposed therethrough, and said first signaling means includes:

an optictal transmitter/receiver having a body and being disposed in the elongate strip middle portion aperture; and

means for fastening the body to the elongate strip middle portion.

12. A material handling vehicle, comprising:

a frame having first and second spaced apart sides and first and second spaced apart end portions connected to and between the first and second spaced apart sides;

a first bumper having first and second spaced apart end portions and an upper edge, said first bumper first end portion being connected to the frame first side at a location on the frame first side adjacent the frame first end portion, and said first bumper second end portion being connected to the frame second side at a location on the frame second side adjacent the frame first end portion;

a second bumper having first and second spaced apart end portions and an upper edge, said second bumper first end portion being connected to the frame first side at a location on the frame first side adjacent the frame second end portion and said second bumper second end portion being connected to the frame second side at a location on the frame second side adjacent the frame second end portion;

a first reflective target connected to the first bumper first end portion and extending elevationally from the first bumper first end portion to a location spaced above the first bumper upper edge;

a second reflective target connected to the second bumper first end portion and extending elevationally from the second bumper first end portion to a location spaced above the second bumper upper edge;

first signaling means for delivering a first signal to said first reflective target and receiving a reflection of said first delivered signal from said first reflective target;

second signaling means for delivering a second signal to said second reflective target and receiving a reflection of said second delivered signal from said second reflective target;

first connecting means for movably connecting said first signaling means to said frame first side at a first location on the frame first side between the frame first and second end portions and adjacent the frame second end portion, and for maintaining said first signaling means for movement in a direction toward said frame first side, in a passing relationship with the frame first side, and to a location between the frame first and second sides in response to an external force being applied to said first connecting means in a direction toward said frame first side; and

second connecting means for movably connecting said second signaling means to said frame first side at a second location on the frame first side spaced from the first location between the frame first and second end portions and adjacent the frame first end portion, and for maintaining said second signaling means for movement in a direction toward said frame first side, in a passing relationship with the frame first side, and to a location between the frame first and second sides in response to an external force being applied to said second connecting means in a direction toward said frame first side.

13. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 12, wherein said first connecting means normally biases said first signaling means to an aligned position relative to the first reflective target at which at least a portion of the first signaling means is spaced outwardly from the frame first side and at which said first signaling means is positioned to deliver said first signal to said first reflective target and receive a reflection of said first signal from said first reflective target, and said second connecting means normally biases said second signaling means to an aligned position relative to the second reflective target at which at least a portion of the second signaling means is spaced outwardly from the frame first side and at which said second signaling means is positioned to deliver said second signal to said second reflective target and receive a reflection of said second signal from said second reflective target.

14. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 12, wherein said first and second bumpers are each constructed of a flexible material and are each movable from an at rest position in response to an external force being applied thereto, said first reflective target being movable in response to movement of the first bumper from said at rest position and said second reflective target being movable in response to movement of the second bumper from said at rest position, said first reflective target being positioned to reflect said first signal to the first signaling means at the at rest position of the first bumper and said second reflective target being positioned to reflect said second signal to said second signaling means at the at rest position of the second bumper.

15. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 14, wherein said first and second end portions of the first and second bumpers project transversely outwardly from the frame first and second sides, respectively.

16. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 12, wherein said first and second reflective targets each include:

a post having first and second spaced apart end portions, said first reflective target post first end portion being connected to the first bumper first end portion and said second reflective target post first end portion being connected to the second bumper first end portion, said first reflective target post second end portion being elevationally spaced above the first bumper upper edge and said second reflective target post second end portion being elevationally spaced above the second bumper upper edge; and

a retro-reflective material connected to the second end portion of each post of the first and second targets, said retro-reflective material of the first reflective target facing said first signaling means and said retro-reflective material of the second reflective target facing the second signaling means.

17. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 12, wherein said first and second connecting means each include:

an elongate strip having first and second spaced apart end portions;

a fastener connecting each elongate strip to the frame first side; and

means for securing each of the first and second signaling means to a respective one of the elongate strips of the first and second connecting means.

18. A material handling vehicle, as set forth in claim 12, including:

first adjusting means for adjusting the position of the first signaling means relative to the first reflective target; and

second adjusting means for adjusting the position of the second signaling means relative to the second reflective target.