Suture anchor system

• US 4,738,255 A
• Filed: 04/07/1986
• Issued: 04/19/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 04/07/1986
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Innovasive Acquisition Corp., Medicinelodge, Inc (Nelso Antolotti), Zimmer Technology Incorporated (Zimmer Biomet Holdings, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Biotron Labs, Inc.
• Inventors: DeHart, Larry, Goble, E. Marlowe
• Primary Examiner(s): Apley, Richard J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US06/848,929
• Time in Patent Office: 743 Days
• Field of Search: 128/330, 128/335.5, 128/335, 128/334 C, 128/334 R, 128/305, 128/92 V, 128/92 VD, 128/92 YF, 128/92 YE, 128/92 YD, 128/92 YC, 128/92 YW, 128/92 Y R, 24/150 FP, 24/156 R, 24/155 R, 227/DIG. 1, 227/120, 408/159, 408/180, 411/54, 411/55, 411/57, 411/60, 411/340, 411/345, 411/346, 411/344, 623/13, 623/16, 72/391, 72/453.17
• US Class Current: 606/86.00R
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/0401 Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors A61B17/0642 takes precedence; fixation devices for tendons or ligaments A61F2/0811
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1617 with mobile or detachable parts
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1714 for applying tendons or ligaments implements for applying tendons or ligaments A61F2/0805
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/0408 Rivets other bone rivets A61B17/68; rivets for connecting prosthetic parts A61F2002/30433, A61F2220/0041
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/0409 Instruments for applying suture anchors for applying suture clamps, clips or locks A61B2017/0488
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/037 with a frangible part, e.g. by reduced diameter
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/0805 Implements for inserting tendons or ligaments
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/0811 Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2002/0888 Anchor in or on a blind hole or on the bone surface without formation of a tunnel
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/5147 including composite tool
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/53726 with second workpiece inside annular work one workpiece moved to shape the other
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 408/85884 Tool pivotally mounted on support

Abstract

A suture anchor system that includes a drill for turning into a bone mass with sissoring blades pivotally connected in a longitudinal drill shaft slot proximate to a cutting end thereof, the blade ends to sissor to extend cutting edges outwardly therefrom, which sissoring occurs at a certain depth of penetration into the bone mass, cutting a flared or skirted hole therein, to receive a suture anchor whereto a suture is secured. The suture anchor consists of a suture rivet and slotted ring and is formed by moving the suture rivet into the slotted ring, that ring breaking at spaced apart slots formed therein and flaring into a skirt, the anchor rivet and slotted ring thereby locked together as the suture anchor, which suture anchor has approximately the same shape but a slightly lessor diameter than the hole formed in the bone mass. The suture rivet and slotted ring are mounted on an applicator for fitting into the bone mass hole, the applicator consisting of a grip and trigger pivotally coupled thereto, such that, with trigger movement towards that grip a plunger attached thereto will be moved also, which plunger is releasably secured to a head of a mandrel that is telescoped through an ejector that is for releasable mounting in the applicator, which mandrel slides in the ejector and connects on its distal end to the suture rivet. Plunger travel therefor, responsive to trigger depression, moves the mandrel to pull the suture anchor into the slotted ring and the mandrel thereafter separates from the suture anchor allowing the applicator to be removed from the seated suture anchor and expose the suture attached thereto.

Claims

1. A suture anchor system comprising a drill means for forming a hole in a bone mass that has an internal diameter that is greater than the diameter of the hole entry;

a suture anchor applicator for fitting and expanding a suture anchor whereto a suture is connected into a hole formed by operation of said drill means, which suture anchor includes an anchor rivet whereto said suture is attached and a slotted ring arranged to receive said anchor rivet moved therein so as to fracture that ring along slots formed therein, flaring the ring outwardly into a skirt, the anchor rivet locking thereto forming the suture anchor;

means for maintaining said anchor rivet and slotted ring in said hole while said anchor rivet is drawn into said slotted ring; and

means for drawing said anchor rivet into said slotted ring to where said anchor rivet and slotted ring couple together into said suture anchor, which drawing means includes a mandrel having means for releasable connection to said anchor rivet whereby, with an application of a certain pulling force where said anchor rivet is seated in said slotted ring, said mandrel means will release from said anchor rivet, exposing said suture secured to that suture anchor.

2. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 1, wherein the drill means includes a drill that incorporates a straight shaft for fitting at one end into a turning means and has a fluted cutting end distal therefrom with said shaft adjacent to the distal end incorporating a longitudinal slot formed therethrough wherein a pair of scissor blades are pivotally connected at mid points of each, which blades are identical and face oppositely to scissor apart and include cutting edges formed in the blade ends near the shaft fluted end and a ramp means formed proximate to each blade end distal therefrom, the blade ramps to extend oppositely beyond the shaft when said blade cutting edges are closed within said shaft slot, said scissor blades further including stops on the distal ends from the cutting edges, the stops to extend outwardly and include right angle faces to the drill shaft;

and a sleeve means telescoped over said drill shaft to move back and forth over said drill shaft longitudinal slot portion containing said blade ramps.

3. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 2, further including slots formed in the sleeve means, each slot to align with and receive and pass therethrough, respectively, each sissor blade ramp and stop, each slot end closest to the drill shaft fluted end to travel up a said blade ramp, the slot end urging the ramps together, thereby extending said blade stops until the right angle faces of said stops butt against to block further travel of said sleeve means away from said drill shaft fluted end.

4. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 2, further including means for moving the sleeve means over said blade ramps consisting of a cylinder that receives the drill shaft fluted end therethrough to engage, as said drill end is passed therethrough, said sleeve means to urge it along and over the blade ramps, said guide means cylinder including a fixed section for stationary engagement with a point of a bone mass and a turning section that includes a means for engaging and turning with said sleeve means.

5. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 4, wherein the guide means cylinder fixed section includes an open sleeve that has a serrated edge around one end thereof for engaging a bone mass surface and connects to a handle means for holding by a surgeon operator to position the sleeve serrated edge on said bone mass, and the turning section is an open sleeve that is bearing coupled to said fixed sleeve and includes a step therein of a diameter to pass the drill shaft fluted end therethrough that engages the end of said sleeve means.

6. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 2, further including means for biasing said sleeve means out of engagement with said blade ramps to cause said blades to scissor together to where said blade cutting edges are recessed into said drill shaft slot that is a coil spring contained within a housing that is fixed to the drill shaft that is telescoped therethrough said housing is arranged to receive the sleeve means in sliding engagement telescoped therein containing said coil spring end.

7. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 1, wherein the applicator incorporates a grip means for holding by a surgeon operator that includes a trigger means pivotally connected thereto for operation by that surgeon operator to move a plunger portion towards the surgeon operator holding said grip means;

the means for maintaining the anchor rivet and slotted ring in the hole is a barrel that is releasably connected to said grip means and is open longitudinally to accommodate an ejector telescoped therethrough that includes the mandrel telescoped therethrough; and

means for coupling said mandrel drawing end distal from its anchor rivet coupling to said plunger portion, said plunger portion providing the means for drawing said anchor rivet into said slotted ring.

8. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 7, wherein the grip means includes the plunger portion fitted therethrough that is telescoped through a spring means in said grip means for biasing that plunger portion towards the barrel away from the surgeon operator;

and the trigger pivotal connection to said grip means is such that, when said trigger is depressed towards said grip means, said plunger portion connected thereto will be moved against said spring biasing.

9. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 7, wherein the means for coupling the mandrel means to said plunger portion includes a head formed across the mandrel end distal from the anchor rivet for releasably fitting into a yoke means secured to the plunger portion end opposite to its coupling to the trigger.

10. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 7, wherein the means for releasably coupling said grip means and barrel includes a plunger sleeve that is secured to said grip means and is open longitudinally to receive the plunger portion telescoped therethrough;

a plunger housing for telescoping over and releasable coupling to said plunger sleeve;

a spring housing as part of the barrel that contains a coil spring open longitudinally therethrough, which opening is aligned with said barrel longitudinal opening, said spring housing to receive said plunger housing end telescoped therein against the biasing of said coil spring; and

means for releasably securing said plunger housing in telescoped connection over said plunger sleeve.

11. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 10, wherein the barrel spring housing is flanged inwardly and the plunger housing end that is telescoped therein is flanged outwardly, the flange faces to butt against one another blocking travel of the plunger housing out of the barrel spring housing responsive to the biasing of the coil spring.

12. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 10, wherein the means for releasably securing said plunger housing in telescoping connection over said plunger sleeve consists of a pin that projects outwardly at a right angle from said plunger sleeve;

and a slot formed in said plunger housing to receive said pin slidably fitted therein, said slot to extend longitudinally from the plunger housing end to a right angle bend and thence a lateral distance therefrom.

13. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 7, wherein the ejector is arranged to telescope within and slide freely through the barrel and consists of an ejector sleeve that has a collar formed on one end thereof that has approximately the diameter of the plunger sleeve, which ejector sleeve is open longitudinally to receive the mandrel fitted in sliding engagement therethrough.

14. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 13, wherein the ejector sleeve has approximately the same diameter as does the slotted ring;

and the mandrel threaded end opposite to the head end is fitted through said slotted ring and is turned into said anchor rivet.

15. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 1, wherein the slotted ring is sloped outwardly on one end from its inner surface to its outer surface forming a sharp edge at its outer diameter and includes a medial groove formed around the ring inner surface;

and the anchor rivet has a tapered nose end to travel along said slotted ring sloped end to break the ring at the slots, outwardly flaring that slotted ring end, the anchor tapered end terminating in a ridge, which ridge will fit in locking engagement into said slotted ring medial groove.

16. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 15, further including a groove formed around the anchor rivet surface, adjacent to the ridge, to receive, in locking engagement, a slotted ring lip end located between the groove and the slotted ring end at the junction with the outward sloping surface.

17. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 15, further including a longitudinal hole formed through the anchor rivet to receive a suture threaded therethrough;

and a longitudinal opening through the mandrel to receive said suture therethrough that is threaded to receive the mandrel threaded end turned therein.

18. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 17, further including a lateral hole formed through the anchor rivet that intersects the longitudinal hole at approximately a right angle, the suture to be threaded into the longitudinal hole at the tapered nose and out one end of the lateral hole, then across the anchor rivet head end, and back through the other end of the lateral passage into the longitudinal passage and out the anchor rivet nose end, providing a two strand suture that is fitted through the mandrel means longitudinal passage.

19. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 15, wherein the slotted ring has a plurality of spaced apart longitudinal slots formed therein from the sloping end.

20. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 1, wherein the anchor rivet and slotted ring are formed out of bio-degradable material to be absorbed by the body along with the suture after the body healing process is completed.

21. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 20, wherein the anchor rivet and slotted ring are formed of polylactic acid plastic.

22. A suture anchor system as recited in claim 1, wherein the mandrel releasable connection means consists of shallow threads formed in a mandrel end opposite to a drawing distal end thereof, which shallow threads are for turning into a threaded cavity formed in said anchor rivet end, the mandrel end threads to pull out from said anchor rivet end after said anchor rivet has seated in said slotted ring.

23. A suture anchor applicator for fitting and expanding an anchor means whereto a suture is connected into a hole formed in a bone mass to have a greater sub-surface diameter than the hole diameter at the bone mass surface comprising, a suture anchor that includes an anchor rivet whereto said suture is attached and a slotted ring arranged to receive said anchor rivet moved therein so as to fracture that ring along slots formed therein that extend longitudinally from a leading edge, flaring the ring outwardly into a skirt;

means for locking said anchor rivet in said slotted ring forming a suture anchor;

means for maintaining said anchor rivet and slotted ring in said hole while said anchor rivet is drawn into said slotted ring; and

means for drawing said anchor rivet into said slotted ring to where said anchor rivet and slotted ring will couple together into said suture anchor, which drawing means includes a mandrel having means for releasable connection to said anchor rivet whereby, on application of a certain pulling force where said anchor rivet is seated in said slotted ring, said mandrel means will release from said anchor rivet, exposing said suture secured to that suture anchor.

24. A suture anchor applicator as recited in claim 23, wherein the applicator incorporates a grip means for holding by a surgeon operator that includes a trigger means pivotally connected thereto for operation by that surgeon operator to move a plunger portion towards the surgeon operator holding said grip means;

the means for maintaining the anchor rivet and slotted ring in the hole is a barrel that is releasably connected to said grip means and is open longitudinally to accommodate an ejector telescoped therethrough that includes the mandrel telescoped therethrough; and

means for coupling said mandrel drawing end distal from its anchor rivet coupling to said plunger portion, said plunger portion providing the means for drawing said anchor rivet into said slotted ring.

25. A suture anchor applicator as recited in claim 24, wherein the grip means includes the plunger portion fitted therethrough that is telescoped through a spring means in said grip means for biasing that plunger portion towards the barrel away from the surgeon operator;

and the trigger pivotal conection to said grip means is such that, when said trigger is depressed towards said grip means, said plunger portion connected thereto will be moved against said spring biasing.

26. A suture anchor applicator as recited in claim 24, wherein the means for coupling the mandrel means to said plunger portion includes a head formed across the mandrel end distal from the anchor rivet for releasably fitting into a yoke means secured to the plunger portion end opposite to its coupling to the trigger.

27. A suture anchor applicator as recited in claim 24, wherein the means for releasably coupling said grip means and barrel includes a plunger sleeve that is secured to said grip means and is open longitudinally to receive the plunger portion telescoped therethrough;

a plunger housing for telescoping over and releasable coupling to said plunger sleeve;

a spring housing as part of the barrel that contains a coil spring open longitudinally therethrough, which opening is aligned with said barrel longitudinal opening, said spring housing to receive said plunger housing end telescoped therein against the biasing of said coil spring; and

means for releasably securing said plunger housing in telescoped connection over said plunger sleeve.

28. A suture anchor applicator as recited in claim 27, wherein the barrel spring housing is flanged inwardly and the plunger housing end that is telescoped therein is flanged outwardly, the flange faces to butt against one another blocking travel of the plunger housing out of the barrel spring housing responsive to the biasing of the coil spring.

29. A suture anchor applicator as recited in claim 27, wherein the means for releasably securing said plunger housing in telescoping connection over said plunger sleeve consists of a pin that projects outwardly at a right angle from said plunger sleeve;

and a slot formed in said plunger housing to receive said pin slidably fitted therein, said slot to extend longitudinally from the plunger housing end to a right angle bend and thence a lateral distance therefrom.

30. A suture anchor applicator as recited in claim 24, wherein the ejector is arranged to telescope within and slide freely through the barrel and consists of an ejector sleeve that has a collar formed on one end thereof that has approximately the diameter of the plunger sleeve, which ejector sleeve is open longitudinally to receive the mandrel fitted in sliding engagement therethrough.

31. A suture anchor applicator as recited in claim 30, wherein the ejector sleeve has approximately the same diameter as does the slotted ring;

and the mandrel threaded end opposite to the head end is fitted through said slotted ring and is turned into said anchor rivet.

32. A suture anchor applicator as recited in claim 23, wherein the mandrel releasable connection means consists of shallow threads formed in a mandrel end thereof opposite to a drawing end thereof, which threads are shallow and are for turning into a threaded cavity formed in said anchor rivet end, the mandrel end threads to pull out from said anchor rivet end after said anchor rivet has seated in said slotted ring.

33. A suture anchor comprising, an anchor rivet whereto said suture is attached and a slotted ring arranged to receive said anchor rivet moved therein so as to fracture that ring along slots formed therein, flaring the ring outwardly into a skirt;

means for locking the anchor rivet in said slotted ring forming the suture anchor;

means for maintaining said anchor rivet and slotted ring in a hole in a bone mass prepared to receive the suture anchor in right fitting engagement while said anchor rivet is drawn into said slotted ring; and

means for drawing said anchor rivet into said slotted ring to where said anchor rivet and slotted ring couple together into said suture anchor, which drawings means includes a mandrel having means for releasable connection to said anchor rivet whereby, on application of a certain pulling force where said anchor rivet is seated in said slotted ring, said mandrel means will release from said anchor rivet, exposing said suture anchor.

34. A suture anchor as recited in claim 33, wherein the slotted ring is sloped outwardly on one end from its inner surface to its outer surface forming a sharp edge at its outer diameter and includes a medial groove formed around the ring inner surface;

and the anchor rivet has a tapered nose end to travel along said slotted ring sloped end to break the ring at the slots, outwardly flaring that slotted ring end to fill the hole in the bone mass, the anchor tapered end terminating in a ridge, which ridge will fit in locking engagement into said slotted ring medial groove.

35. A suture anchor as recited in claim 34, further including a groove formed around the anchor rivet surface, adjacent to the ridge, to receive, in locking engagement, a slotted ring lip end located between the groove and the slotted ring end at the junction with the outward sloping surface.

36. A suture anchor as recited in claim 34, further including a longitudinal hole formed through the anchor rivet to receive a suture threaded therethrough;

and a longitudinal opening through the mandrel to receive said suture therethrough that is threaded to receive the mandrel threaded end turned therein.

37. A suture anchor as recited in claim 36, further including a lateral hole formed through the anchor rivet that intersects the longitudinal hole at approximately a right angle, the suture to be threaded into the longitudinal hole at the tapered nose and out one end of the lateral hole, then across the anchor rivet head end and back through the other end, of the lateral passage into the longitudinal passage and out the anchor rivet nose end, providing a two strand suture that is fitted through the mandrel means longitudinal passage.

38. A suture anchor as recited in claim 34, wherein the slotted ring has a plurality of spaced apart longitudinal slots formed therein from the sloping end.

39. A suture anchor as recited in claim 33, wherein the anchor rivet and slotted ring are formed out of bio-degradable material to be absorbed by the body along with the suture after the body healing process is completed.

40. A suture anchor as recited in claim 39, wherein the anchor rivet and slotted ring are formed of polylactic acid plastic.

41. A suture anchor as recited in claim 33, wherein the mandrel releasable connection means consists of shallow threads formed in a mandrel end opposite to a drawing distal end thereof, which shallow threads are for turning into a threaded cavity formed in said anchor rivet end, the mandrel end threads to pull out from said anchor rivet end after said anchor rivet has seated in said slotted ring.