Machine implemented system for determining compliance of a complex process plant with technical specifications

• US 4,740,349 A
• Filed: 09/29/1986
• Issued: 04/26/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/1986
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Paramount Global (f/k/a ViacomCBS Inc.))
• Original Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Paramount Global (f/k/a ViacomCBS Inc.))
• Inventors: Loftus, Michael J., Remlinger, Donald P. Jr., Liparulo, Nicholas J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Walsh, Donald P.
• Application Number:
  US06/913,045
• Time in Patent Office: 575 Days
• Field of Search: 376/216, 376/215, 376/217, 376/245, 376/259, 364/138, 364/140, 364/148, 364/550
• US Class Current: 376/216
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 23/0248 Causal models, e.g. fault tree; digraphs; qualitative physics
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 23/0272 Presentation of monitored results, e.g. selection of status reports to be displayed; Filtering information to the user
• CPC Class Codes: G21D 3/001 Computer implemented control
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 30/00 Energy generation of nuclear origin
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 30/30 Nuclear fission reactors
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/52 Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Abstract

Components and systems which impact technical specifications (tech specs) in a nuclear power plant are modeled in a set of cascading operability trees which represent the various combinations of component, system and parameter statuses which can result in non-compliance with the tech specs. Cutsets for the operability trees are entered into a cutset table in the data base of a digital computer which tracks the effect of a selected event up through the trees by repetitively searching the cutset table using the top event activated by the selected event as the selected event for the next search, until an activated top event is reached which is not entered in the cutset table as an event. A separate cutset evaluation table is used to assure that all the members of a multiple event cutset have been activated before the associated top event is activated. The base events which resulted in activation of a top event, such as non-compliance with a tech spec, can be identified by reversing the search process down through the cutsets in the cutset table.

Claims

1. A machine implemented method of determining operating limitation compliance for a complex process plant having a plurality of interrelated components and systems, the method comprising the steps of:

generating operability trees having cutsets representing various combinations of events associated with the state of operability of said components and systems and the status of said operating limitations, which cutsets taken separately and in sequence with other cutsets, result in an indication of non-compliance with said operating limitations;

generating in a digital computer a data base including a cutset table which includes an event attribute for identifying each event associated with a cutset and a top level event attribute identifying a higher level event activated by the cutset;

selecting a given event; and

operating said digital computer to;

(a) search the event attributes of said cutset table for the selected event to identify as activated all cutsets for which the selected event activates a top event as indicated by the top event attribute;

(b) as to each such activated cutset, repeat step (a) using the associated activated top event attribute as the selected event;

(c) repeating step (b) until the top level event activated by a cutset does not appear as an event attribute in the cutset table and identifying such top event as an ultimate activated top event; and

(d) generate an output identifying each ultimate top event activated by said given event.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of generating cutsets includes generating some multiple member cutsets requiring more than one event to activate the associated top event, wherein said step of generating said data base includes entering in the cutset table a separate entry for each event in each multiple event cutset, providing each entry in the cutset table with a cutset identifier attribute identifying the cutset with which it is associated, with each such entry for a multiple event cutset having a common cutset identifier attribute, and wherein said digital computer is operated to:

(i) after step (a), search the identifier attributes in the cutset table for other entries having the same cutset identifier;

(ii) determine whether the event attribute for any such other entries has been selected; and

(iii) identify a multiple event cutset as activated only when all of the events for the multiple event cutset have been selected.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of generating said data base includes entering in the cutset table a state attribute for each event which indicates the status of the event which will activate the associated top event, wherein the step of selecting a given event includes selecting an input status for such event and wherein said step (a) of identifying cutsets as activated includes comparing the input status for a selected event with the state attribute and identifying as activated only those cutsets for which the state attribute for the selected event equals the input status.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of generating said data base includes providing each entry in the cutset table with a cutset type attribute having a first value for multiple event cutsets and a second value for single event cutsets, wherein said step (a) of searching the cutset table includes determining the value of the cutset type attribute and wherein steps i to iii are only carried out for entries in the cutset table having a cutset type attribute of the first value.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said digital computer is operated to perform step ii by generating and evaluating a cutset evaluation table having an entry for each multiple event cutset including a multiple event identifier attribute identifying the multiple event cutset and a multiple event counter attribute which counts the number of events in said multiple event cutset which have been selected, and wherein said digital computer is operated to perform step iii by identifying a multiple event cutset as activated when said count attribute reaches a value indicating that all of the events associated with a multiple event cutset have been activated.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein said multiple event counter attribute for each multiple event cutset is initially set to the number of events in the multiple event cutset and is decremented by one each time an event in the cutset is selected as activated, and wherein the multiple event cutset is identified as activated when the associated multiple event counter reaches zero.

7. The method of claim 6 including the step of removing the identification of an event as selected when it is no longer activated, and for such events having a multiple event cutset type attribute, incrementing the associated multiple event counter attribute by one.

8. The method of claim 1 including the following steps for generating an indication of the events which resulted in activation of a top event:

selecting an activated top event; and

operating said digital computer to;

(1) search the cutset table to identify each cutset having as the top event attribute the selected activated top event;

(2) as to each identified cutset, repeat step 1 using as the selected activated top event the event attribute of the identified cutset;

(3) repeat step 2 until the top event attribute of an identified cutset does not appear as an event in the cutset table, and identify such an event; and

(4) generate an output identifying the identified events.

9. A machine implemented method of determining limiting conditions of operation compliance and system operability in a nuclear power plant having a number of interrelated components and systems, said method comprising the steps of:

generating operability trees having cutsets representing various combinations of events associated with the state of operability of said components and systems and the status of said limiting conditions of operation, which cutsets, taken separately and in sequence with other cutsets, result in indications of non-compliance with said operating limitations, and inoperability of said systems some of said cutsets being multiple event cutsets requiring more than one event to indicate non-compliance with a limiting condition of operation and inoperability of a system;

generating in a digital computer a data base including a cutset table having an entry for each cutset which includes an event identifier attribute, a top event identifier attribute identifying a higher level event activated by the cutset, a top event status attribute indicating the status of the top event when activated;

an event status attribute indicating the status of the event required to activate the top event, a cutset type attribute identifying single event and multiple event cutsets, and a cutset identifier attribute, said cutset table including a separate entry for each event in a multiple event cutset with each such separate entry for a multiple event cutset having a common cutset identifier;

selecting a given status for a given event; and

operating the digital computer to;

(a) search the event attributes and event status attributes of the cutset table to identify cutsets in which the event status attribute matches the selected status for the selected event;

(b) determine the cutset type of each identified cutset from the cutset state attribute;

(c) as to each identified single event cutset repeat steps (a) and (b) using the top event attribute from the identified cutset as the event attribute;

(d) as to multiple event identified cutsets, generate a cutset evaluation table having an entry for each multiple event cutset which includes a top event identifier attribute for the multiple event cutset and a multiple event counter attribute which counts the number of events in said multiple event cutset which have been selected, identify a multiple event cutset as activated when said count attribute reaches a value indicating that all of the events associated with a multiple event cutset have been activated, and repeat the steps a, b and c using the top event identifier attribute of a multiple event cutset identified as activated as the event attribute;

(e) repeat the above steps until the top event activated by a cutset does not appear as an event attribute in the cutset table and identifying this activated top event as the top event in the associated operability tree; and

(f) generate an output identifying each top event in an operability tree activated by the given status of the given event.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the multiple event counter in step (d) for a multiple event cutset is initially set to the number of events in the multiple event cutset and is decremented by one for each event in the multiple event cutset for which the event status attribute matches the selected status, and wherein a multiple event cutset is identified as activated when the associated multiple event counter reaches zero.

11. The method of claim 10 including the step of incrementing by one the multiple event count attribute of a multiple event cutset when the given status of a selected event which is one of the members of the multiple event cutset is changed from a status which matches the event status attribute to a status which does not match the event status attribute indicating that the event is no longer activated.

12. The method of claim 9 including the following steps for generating an output indicating the events which activated a top event:

selecting an activated top event; and

operating said digital computer to;

(1) generate in the data a top event status table including an entry for each cutset which activated a top event, each such entry having a top event attribute identifying the top event, a top event cutset identifier attribute identifying the cutset and a top event status attribute indicating the state of the activated top event;

(2) search said top event status table for the selected top event and generating a file containing the cutset identifier attribute and top event status attribute for all entries in the top event status table for the selected top event;

(3) for each entry in said file search the cutset table to identify an entry having the same top event attribute, cutset identifier and top event status as said file entry;

(4) repeat steps 2 and 3 using as the top event attribute in step 2 the event attribute of the entry previously identified in step 3;

(5) repeat step 4 until no more event attributes identified in step 3 appear as a top event attribute in the top event status table, and identify such events, and

(6) generate an output identifying the events identified in step 4.

13. In combination:

(A) a complex process plant having a plurality of interrelated components and systems;

(B) means for selecting an event representing the inoperability of at least one of said components and systems;

(C) a digital computer programmed to determine compliance of said complex process plant with a set of technical specifications and operability of certain of said systems and components; and

including;

(1) means for storing a data base including a cutset table having an entry for each cutset in each of a plurality of operability trees, each cutset representing a different combination of events associated with the state of operability of said components and systems and the status of the technical specifications, which cutsets when taken separately and in sequence with other cutsets result in an indication of non-compliance with a technical specification or inoperability of a system, each said entry in the cutset table including an event attribute indicating the event which activates the cutset, and a top event attribute indicating the top event activated by that cutset; and

(2) processing means responsive to said input means and including means for;

(a) searching said cutset table to identify all entries in which the event attribute matches the selected event,

(b) as to each such entry repeating (a) using the top event attribute of the identified entry of the cutset table as the selected event,

(c) repeating (b) until the top event of each identified entry is not found in the cutset table; and

(D) means for displaying indications of such top events as activated top events at the top of an operability tree.

14. The combination of claim 13 wherein some top events require multiple selected events to be activated, wherein said means in the computer for storing a data base includes in the cutset table a cutset type attribute identifying multiple event cutsets and said data base including a cutset evaluation table containing entries for each of the multiple event cutsets including a count attribute indicating the number of members of the multiple event cutset which have been activated, and wherein said searching means in the processing means includes means for checking the cutset type attribute of each cutset associated with a selected event, and for multiple event cutsets, indexing said count attribute and repeating the search of the cutset table using the top event attribute of the multiple event cutsets as the selected event only when the count attribute has reached a count indicating that all of the events in the multiple event cutset have been selected.

15. A machine implemented method of determining activation of a top event in a decision tree comprising the steps of:

generating cutsets representing the various combinations of events in the decision tree, which when taken separately and in sequence with other cutsets, result in activation of the top event;

generating in a digital computer a data base including a cutset table which includes an event attribute for identifying each event associated with a cutset and a top level event attribute identifying a higher level event activated by the cutset;

selecting a given event; and

operating said digital computer to;

(a) search the event attributes of said cutset table for the selected event to identify as activated all cutsets for which the selected event activates a top event as indicated by the top event attribute;

(b) as to each such activated cutset, repeat step (a) using the associated activated top event attribute as the selected event;

(c) repeating step (b) until the top level event activated by a cutset does not appear as an event attribute in the cutset table and identifying such top event as an ultimate activated top event; and

(d) generate an output identifying each ultimate top event activated by said given event.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said step of generating cutsets includes generating some multiple member cutsets requiring more than one event to activate the associated top event, wherein said step of generating said data base includes entering in the cutset table a separate entry for each event in each multiple event cutset, providing each entry in the cutset table with a cutset identifier attribute identifying the cutset with which it is associated, with each such entry for a multiple event cutset having a common cutset identifier attribute, and wherein said digital computer is operated to:

(i) after step (a), search the identifier attributes in the cutset table for other entries having the same cutset identifier;

(ii) determine whether the event attribute for any such other entries has been selected; and

(iii) identify a multiple event cutset as activated only when all of the events for the multiple event cutset have been selected.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of generating said data base includes providing each entry in the cutset table with a cutset type attribute having a first value for multiple event cutsets and a second value for single event cutsets, wherein said step (a) of searching the cutset table includes determining the value of the cutset type attribute and wherein steps i to iii are only carried out for entries in the cutset table having a cutset type attribute of the first value.

18. The method of claim 15 including the following steps for generating an indication of the events which resulted in activation of a top event:

selecting an activated top event; and

operating said digital computer to;

(1) search the cutset table to identify each cutset having as the top event attribute the selected activated top event;

(2) as to each identified cutset, repeat step 1 using as the selected activated top event the event attribute of the identified cutset;

(3) repeat step 2 until the top event attribute of an identified cutset does not appear as an event in the cutset table, and identify such an event; and

(4) generate an output identifying the identified events.