Directional hearing aid

• US 4,751,738 A
• Filed: 11/29/1984
• Issued: 06/14/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 11/29/1984
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford University)
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford University)
• Inventors: Brearley, Maurice N., Widrow, Bernard
• Primary Examiner(s): Ng, Jin F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Byrd, Danita R.
• Application Number:
  US06/676,414
• Time in Patent Office: 1,293 Days
• Field of Search: 179/107 FD, 179/107 R, 179/107 S, 179/182 R, 381/68, 381/69, 381/68.1-68.2, 381/68.4-68.5, 181/129, 181/130
• US Class Current: 381/313
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2201/403 Linear arrays of transducers
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2225/43 Signal processing in hearing aids to enhance the speech intelligibility
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 25/407 Circuits for combining signals of a plurality of transducers

Abstract

A pair of sensitive microphones or transducers are mounted on a user'"'"'s body, spaced apart by a distance equal to one-half a wavelength of the center frequency of a range of frequencies to be emphasized. By summing the outputs of the two microphones, sound in the broadside or look direction (i.e., the direction the listener faces, the microphones being on a line perpendicular to this direction) are emphasized; sounds in the endfire or side directions are nulled or produce a substantially null response in the region of the center frequency defined by the microphone spacing. A third microphone may be added that is not equally spaced from the microphones on either side, but is spaced to provide half wavelength distances which define maximum and null responses centered at the other points within the frequency range (1-4 KHz) desirable for highly effective hearing. The summed signal from each mircophone pair is bandpass filtered. Three bandpass filters are used. The centers of their pass bands are 1200 Hz, 2250 Hz, and 3600 Hz, respectively. Thus each microphone pair and associated bandpass filter is responsible for providing a directonal receiving capability in its assigned range of frequencies. The frequency ranges are contiguous and overlap slightly. The final output is obtained by summing and amplifying the bandpass filter outputs. A good bandpass filter design is a fourth order Butterworth filter, whose center frequency can be designed to be: ##EQU1##

Claims

1. A directional hearing aid to be worn on a user having electronic means to emphasize sounds of a frequency of interest to said user arriving in a direction forward of the user and attenuate sounds arriving from a side of the user at said frequency of interest, comprising a microphone array comprising more than two microphones disposed along a line perpendicular to said forward direction of arrival of sound, the spacing between each pair of said microphones being different, said microphone spacing of each said pair defining a different half wavelength distance to provide signal receivers tuned to different portions of the frequency band whereby the combination of the summed outputs of said pairs provides a wider spectrum of sound emphasis than a single one of said pairs, means for summing outputs of the microphone of each said pair of microphones, bandpass filter means for bandpass filtering the output of the summing means, the center frequency of the bandpass filter means being defined as ##EQU5## whereby the spacing between the microphones is one-half wavelength of the frequencies passed by the filter, and means for conveying the outputs of said bandpass filter means to an ear of the user.

2. The hearing aid of claim 1 wherein said microphones include first, second and third microphones disposed along said line, a distance from said first microphone to said second microphone being different from the distance between said second microphone and said third microphone, the outputs of said first and second, second and third, and first and third microphones being summed to define first, second and third pairs of said microphones respectively spaced apart by respective first, second and third unequal distances to emphasize a range of frequencies.

3. The hearing aid of claim 2 wherein said means for summing the outputs of the pairs of microphones and bandpass filter means having a different center frequency F_c for filtering the output of each of said summing means.

4. The hearing aid of claim 3 wherein said amplifying means comprise output summing means for summing the outputs of said band-pass filter means, said output summing means being coupled to an earpiece for the user.

5. A directional hearing aid comprising a plurality of microphones, each two microphones of said plurality being coupled to form a microphone pair, said microphones being arrayed on a user along a line substantially perpendicular to a direction of arrival of sound, each pair of said microphones being separated by a distance different from the spacing of any other pair,

summing means coupled to outputs of each said pair of microphones for summing the output of each said microphone of said pair of microphones,

means for bandpass filtering the output of said summing means, the center frequency of said bandpass filter means being defined by the relationship ##EQU6## combining means for summing the outputs of said bandpass filter means, and means for conveying the output of said combining means to an ear of the user.

6. A method of improving the hearing of a user of a directional hearing aid of sounds received from a source forward of the user within a given frequency range while minimizing sound within the same frequency range from sources broadside to the user, comprising

aligning an array of microphones on a user of said hearing aid substantially perpendicular to a direction forward of the user, the microphones being laterally separated,

selectively combining the outputs of said microphones to emphasize different frequency bands of interest based on the physical separation of said microphones,

filtering each of said combined microphone outputs through a bandpass filter centered on a frequency F_c defined as:

##EQU7## summing the outputs of said filters and conveying the result of said summing step to an ear of the user.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein at least one of said frequencies F_c is about 1390 Hz, a second one of said frequencies is about 3600 Hz, and a third frequency is intermediate said first and second frequencies.