Electrical heating device

• US 4,752,672 A
• Filed: 12/23/1986
• Issued: 06/21/1988
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/1984
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Calorique Limited
• Original Assignee: Flexwatt Corporation
• Inventors: Grise, Frederick G. J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Goldberg, E. A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): LATEEF, MARVIN M
• Application Number:
  US06/945,841
• Time in Patent Office: 546 Days
• Field of Search: 219/211-213, 219/345, 219/522, 219/528, 219/543, 219/544, 219/548, 219/552, 338/308, 338/314, 338/320, 338/330, 338/333, 174/68.5
• US Class Current: 219/543
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/005 using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/011 Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/013 Heaters using resistive films or coatings
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/017 Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/032 Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2203/037 Heaters with zones of different power density
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 3/26 heating conductor mounted on insulating base for transparent areas H05B3/84, H05B3/86

Abstract

An electrical heating device comprises a substrate, a pair of parallel, spaced apart elongated conductors extending longitudinally of the substrate, and a semi-conductor pattern carried on the substrate and electrically connected to and extending between the conductors. The semi-conductor pattern produces a thermal image for an infrared target. In some embodiments, the thermal image is irregular or circular in shape and the semi-conductor pattern includes a plurality of transversely-spaced bars having relatively wide portions outside, and relatively thin portions within, the area producing the thermal image.

Claims

1. An electrical heating device for producing a substantially uniform thermal image, comprising:

an electrically insulating substrate;

a pair of spaced-apart, elongated conductors;

a semi-conductor pattern carried on said substrate and including a plurality of spaced-apart heating portions extending between and electrically connected to said conductors;

said heating portions arranged to produce the substantially uniform thermal image at an image producing zone of the substrate between said conductors;

each of a plurality of said heating portions including a first portion positioned in said image producing zone and a second portion positioned outside said image producing zone between said image producing zone and a respective one of said conductors; and

said first portions of each of said plurality of heating portions being closely adjacent each other such that the portion of said semi-conductor pattern within said image producing zone of said heating device produces a substantially uniform watt density within said image producing zone when a predetermined voltage is applied across said conductors.

2. The heating device of claim 1 further comprising said heating portions being bars.

3. The heating device of claim 2 further comprising:

said bars being of substantially uniform thickness measured perpendicular to said substrate;

the width of said first portion of said bar measured perpendicular its length being less than the width of said second portion of said bars;

the width of the said first portion of a said bar being approximately equal to;

##EQU2## wherein, W_B is the width of said first portion of the said bar,

L_B is the length of said first portion of the said bar,

L_A and L_C are the respective lengths of the said second portions of the said bar,

W is the width of the said second portions of the said bar,

S is the width of the space between the second portions of the said bar and the second portions of the next adjacent bar,

R is the resistivity of the semi-conductor pattern,

V is said voltage, and

D is said watt density.

4. The electrical heating device of claim 2 further comprising:

said conductors being generally parallel;

the portion of said pattern outside said image producing zone being arranged to produce a second and different uniform watt density when said voltage is applied across said conductors; and

said first portions of each of said plurality of bars having a first resistance per unit length and said second portions of each of said plurality of bars having a second and different resistance per unit length.

5. The electrical heating device of claim 4 wherein all of said bars are of substantially the same thickness, said thickness being measured perpendicular to said substrate.

6. The heating device of claim 5 wherein said semiconductor pattern comprises a pair of parallel, longitudinally-extending stripes, each of said stripes underlying one of said conductors and being of material having resistivity not greater than that of any of said bars.

7. The heating device of claim 6 wherein the opposite ends of said bars abut said stripes.

8. The heating device of claim 4 further comprising:

the width of the portion of a said bar within said image producing zone being approximately equal to;

##EQU3## wherein, W_B is the width of portion of the said bar within said image producing zone,

L_B is the length of the portion of the said bar within said image producing zone,

L_A +L_C is the total length of the portion of the said bar outside said image producing zone and between said conductors,

W is the width of the portion of the bar outside said image producing zone and between said conductors,

S is the width of the space between the portion of the said bar outside said image producing zone and the next adjacent bar,

R is the resistivity of the semi-conductor pattern,

V is said voltage, and

D is said first watt density.

9. The heating device of claim 4 wherein the width of the portion of a said bar, measured perpendicular its length, within said image producing zone is less than the width of any portion of said bar located outside said image zone.

10. The electrical heating device of claim 4 wherein both ends of one of said conductors are connected to the positive side of a power source and both ends of the other of said conductors are connected to the negative side of said source.

11. The heating device of claim 4 further comprising portions of said substrate, free of said semi-conductor pattern, between adjacent ones of said bars, the widt h of said semiconductor free portions measured parallel said conductors being not more than about 1/2 inch (12.7 mm).

12. The electrical heating device of claim 4 further comprising:

said image producing zone being positioned substantially midway between said conductors;

said heating portions further arranged to produce a substantially uniform thermal background at a background producing zone of said heating device;

said background zone outside said image producing zone and intermediate said image zone and one of said conductors.

13. The electrical heating device of claim 4 further comprising:

said conductors extending longitudinally of said substrate;

said image producing zone including a first portion having a first width measured perpendicular said longitudinally extending conductors and a second portion having a second and different width measured perpendicular said longitudinally extending conductors;

the conductor-to-conductor resistance of a said bar of said plurality of bars extending through said first portion of said image producing zone differing from the conductor-to-conductor resistance of a said bar of said plurality of said bars extending through said second portion of said image producing zone;

the portion of a said bar of said plurality of bars within said first portion of said image producing zone having a first resistance per unit length and the portion of a said bar of said plurality of bars within said second portion of said image producing zone having a second and different resistance per unit length, and

when a predetermined voltage is applied across said conductors, the watt density produced in said first portion of said image producing zone being uniform and substantially equal to a uniform watt density produced in said second portion of said image producing zone.

14. The electrical device of claim 13 wherein all of said bars are of substantially the same thickness, said thickness being measured perpendicular to said substrate.

15. The electrical device of claim 14 wherein the width of each of said bars, measured perpendicular their length, within said first portion of said imagine producing zone is greater than the width of the said bars within said second portion of said imagine producing zone.

16. The electrical device of claim 15 wherein said first and second portion of said imagine producing zone are positioned generally midway between said conductors, and portions of said semi-conductor pattern outside said imagine producing zone intermediate said first and second portions of said imagine producing zone and said conductors are a uniform watt density different from that produced in said imagine producing zone.